1、 Confidential | Copyright 2016 IHS Markit Ltd Access to Additional Content For: ATIS-0600030, Dated: 11/2016 (Click here to view the publication) This Page is not part of the original publication This page has been added by IHS Markit as a convenience to the user in order to provide access to additi
2、onal content as authorized by the Copyright holder of this document Click the link(s) below to access the content and use normal procedures for downloading or opening the files. ATIS-0600030 Information contained in the above is the property of the Copyright holder and all Notice of Disclaimer their
3、 existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in n
4、o circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to th
5、e secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withd
6、raw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer maximum voltage, power, and current limits in ANSI/ATIS-0600337 2; and additional electrical protection
7、information for line-powering schemes in ANSI/ATIS-0600332 1. These various standards define telecommunications line-powering voltage limits, power limits, and safety-related precautions. This document is an attempt to bring the requirements, standards, and precautions from all of these documents (a
8、nd relevant information from a few other sources) into a single consistent source, as well as provide user guidance on the engineering and application of line-powered equipment and cable. This standard is intended to define line-powering circuit characteristics (e.g., voltage windows, power maximums
9、) going forward, rather than cover all of the legacy systems. This does not preclude the use of other voltages and systems, but allows for interoperability of systems designed to this document. This standard also addresses performance of line-powering systems in fault conditions and provides manufac
10、turers, installers, and users of line power systems with a consistent fault condition testing and recording method. The fault current levels determined through this analysis can be compared to standards IEC 60479-1 9, Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock, Part 1- General Aspects and IEC
11、60479-2 10, Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock, ATIS-0600030.2016 2 Part 2- Special Aspects. 1.3 Test Conditions Unless otherwise noted, laboratory tests shall be conducted at an ambient temperature of 25C 5C. References 2The following standards contain provisions which, through refere
12、nce in this text, constitute provisions of this ATIS Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this ATIS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition
13、s of the standards indicated below. 1 ANSI/ATIS-0600332, Electrical Protection of Network-Powered Broadband Facilities.12 ANSI/ATIS-0600337, Requirements for Maximum Voltage, Current, and Power Levels in Network-Powered Transport Systems.13 ANSI/IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC).24 ANS
14、I/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC).35 ASTM B193, Standard Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials.46 ASTM B258, Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors.47 ASTM E1004,
15、Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method.48 CSA C22.2, General Requirements Canadian Electrical Code, Part II.59 IEC 60479-1, Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock, Part 1- General Aspects.610 IEC 60479-2, Effects of Curr
16、ent on Human Beings and Livestock, Part 2- Special Aspects.611 IEC/UL/CSA 62368-1, Ed. 2, Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment- Part 1: Safety Requirements.612 IEC/UL/CSA 62368-3, Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment- Safety- Part 3: Remote Power
17、 Feeding (in development).613 IEC 62602, Conductors of Insulated Cables Data for AWG and kcmil Sizes.614 IEEE 802.3, IEEE Standard for Ethernet.215 ITU-T K.50, Safe Limits of Operating Voltages and Currents for Telecommunications Systems. 16 NIOSH 98-131, Worker Deaths by Electrocution. 17 RUS RDUP
18、7 CFR 1775.390, PE-39-Omnicable. 18 RUS RDUP 7 CFR 1755.890, PE 89 Direct Burial. 19 Telcordia GR-421-CORE, Generic Requirements for Metallic Telecommunications Cables. 20 Telcordia GR-974-CORE, Telecommunications Line Protector Units (TLPUs). 1This document is available from the Alliance for Teleco
19、mmunications Industry Solutions, 1200 G Street N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005 at: . 2This document is available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) at: . 3This document is available from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) at: . 4This document is avai
20、lable from ASTM International at: . 5This document is available from the CSA Group at: . 6This document is available from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) at: . ATIS-0600030.2016 3 21 Telcordia GR-1089-CORE, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety - Generic Criteria fo
21、r Network Telecommunications Equipment. 22 Telcordia GR-1500-CORE, Powering Telecommunications Load Equipment (TLE) in Telecommunications Systems. 23 Telcordia GR-3164-CORE, Generic Requirements for Metallic Telecommunications Premises Wires. 24 UL/CSA 60950-1, Information Technology Equipment Safet
22、y General Requirements. 25 UL/CSA 60950-21, Information Technology Equipment Safety Remote Power Feeding. 26 UL-2391 Outline of Investigation for Equipment with Remote Feeding Telecommunication Circuits Intended for Backwards Compatibility in Legacy Telecommunication Equipment. Definitions, Acronyms
23、, therefore, a stranded wire will always have a slightly larger overall diameter than a solid wire of the same AWG due to the small air gaps between the strands. *Additional information can be found in IEC 62602 13. Circular mil: A circular mil refers to the cross sectional area of a circle 1 thousa
24、ndth of an inch in diameter. The largest wire sizes are often referred to in thousands of circular mils (kcmil); but even small wire gauges have an equivalent circular mil cross-sectional area. Class A1 Voltage: A telecommunications circuit whose dc operating voltage is between 30 and 200 V to groun
25、d. When the voltage of a Class A1 circuit exceeds 30 V, the current must be limited to 0.15 mA on a ground fault. This is a classification from GR-1089-CORE 21. Class A2 Voltage: A telecommunications circuit whose dc operating voltage is between 80 and 200 V to ground. When the voltage of a Class A2
26、 circuit exceeds 80 V, the current must be limited to 5 mA on a ground fault. This is a classification from GR-1089-CORE 21 which is consistent with the voltage and current limits of UL/CSA 60950-21 25 and ITU-T K.50 15 (Type RFT-V). Class A3 Voltage: A telecommunications circuit whose dc operating
27、voltage is between 140 and 200 V to ground. When the voltage of a Class A3 circuit exceeds 140 V, the current must be limited to 10 mA on a ground ATIS-0600030.2016 4 fault. This is a voltage classification used in GR-1089-CORE 21 which is consistent with the voltage and current limits of UL/CSA 609
28、50-21 25 and ITU-T K.50 15 (Type RFT-V). Earth Ground: Also known as “Ground” depending on context. See symbol below. Express powering: A line-powering architecture that uses OSP copper twisted pairs exclusively for carrying dc power to remote equipment or repeaters (i.e., they do not also carry tel
29、ecommunications signals). Ground: See Earth Ground. Heat coil: An electro-mechanical protection element that heats in the presence of excess current and causes the circuit to short to ground. Line Power: The use of the twisted pair copper plant (AWG 19-26) to pass dc power from a source in a buildin
30、g or cabinet to a remote cabinet or housing in an outside plant. Line-powering voltages are either positively ground-referenced (e.g., -130 Vdc, -190 Vdc) or bipolar center-tap ground-referenced (e.g., 130, 190 Vdc). Megohmmeter: A specialized test set (ohmmeter) that can apply a dc voltage (typical
31、ly 250, 500, or 1000) to a wire or cable to determine if there is insulation failure. The insulation is deemed functional if the measurement yields resistances in the megohm range. A typical VOM or DMM can only apply a dc voltage of approximately 9 V to a circuit, which is not enough to break down w
32、eak insulation. Ohms Law: The relationship between voltage (in volts), current (in amperes), and resistance (in ohms) given by the formula V = I x R. Operator Access Area: An area to which, under normal operating conditions, access can be gained without the use of a tool, or the access means is deli
33、berately provided to the user, or the operator is instructed to enter regardless of whether or not a tool is needed. This area is unrestricted to the general public. Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistor: A current limiting device, the resistance of which increases as a function of the t
34、emperature caused by the heating effect of the current and PTC resistance. Remote Feeding Telecommunication Circuit (RFT): A circuit other than Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) or Telecommunications Network Voltage (TNV) circuit intended for the supply of power to equipment via a paired conductor net
35、work, and which is so designed and protected that under normal operating and single fault conditions the voltages and currents do not exceed defined values (ITU-T K.50 15, UL/CSA 60950-21 25, and 62368-3 12). Restricted Access Location: A location for equipment where access can only be gained via a
36、tool, lock, key, or other security means controlled by the authority responsible for the location by service personnel or by users who have been instructed about the reasons for the restricted access and any precautions that must be taken. Service Access Area: An area that is not an operator access
37、area, but where it is necessary for service personnel to have access, even with the equipment switched on. Span Power: See Line Power. Station Protector: A GR-974-defined 20 protector that can include gas tubes, solid state devices, MOVs, PTCs, and/or other electrical protection components with 2 te
38、rminals for tip and ring connection, and 1 terminal to ground. A station protector is typically enclosed within a Network Interface Device (NID) or Building Entrance Terminal at customer premises. 3.2 Acronyms The cable gauge(s) and their resistance (typically given per kft) at the expected maximum
39、operating temperature; The number of available parallel pairs; The maximum power usage (in watts or constant current amps) expected at the end-use equipment; and The minimum operating voltage of the end-use equipment. The resistivity of copper (International Annealed Copper Standard IACS) is an SI-d
40、erived unit, and is 1.721 x 10-8 m at 20C (68F) 7. Over normal operating temperature ranges, the coefficient of resistivity for copper is approximately 0.393%/C ( 0.218%/F) 5. The following table gives some baseline values 13 of twisted pair resistivity at various temperatures, which can be adjusted
41、 for the expected maximum temperature based on the coefficient values given in the preceding sentence. ATIS-0600030.2016 8 Table 4.2 Resistance of Common Sizes of OSP Copper Pairs AWG Wire Size Cross-Sectional Area Diameter /kft/Pair at Various Temperatures mm2circular mils inches mm 20C (68F) 25C (
42、77F) 50C (122F) 65C (149F) 75C (167F) 26 0.129 254 0.0159 0.405 84.6 86.3 94.7 99.6 103.0 24 0.205 404 0.0201 0.511 53.2 54.3 59.5 62.6 64.7 22 0.326 642 0.0253 0.644 33.5 34.2 37.4 39.4 40.8 20 0.518 1020 0.0320 0.812 21.0 21.6 23.5 24.7 25.6 19 0.653 1290 0.0359 0.912 16.7 17.0 18.7 19.7 20.3 NOTE
43、: The resistances are approximate and are those of the complete circuit created by a pair of solid un-tinned soft annealed copper wires (e.g., the resistance of 1 kft of a 26 AWG copper pair is actually the resistance of 2000 ft of 26 AWG copper conductor). If the far-end equipment is constant curre
44、nt, use the cable resistances at maximum expected operating temperature and Ohms Law to calculate the voltage drop. If the far-end equipment is constant power (much more common than constant current for modern line-powered equipment) use the minimum operating voltage of the equipment, divided into i
45、ts maximum watt draw, to determine the maximum operating current. Using Ohms law, the current and resistance can be used to determine the voltage drop. If the voltage drop from the source normal operating voltage (which will typically be the nominal voltage or slightly above it, but not quite as hig
46、h as the maximum from Table 4-1) reduces the far-end equipment operating voltage below its window (see Table 4.1), then more pairs must be used. Add pairs until the resistance decreases enough (two parallel pairs of the same gauge are half the resistance of a single pair, three parallel pairs is a t
47、hird of the resistance, etc.) so that the voltage window for the far-end equipment is met. Note that the equipment (both source and far-end) may be limited in the number of pairs it can accept. The following condenses the text of the paragraph above into equation format in order to determine the num
48、ber of pairs needed for end-use equipment that is relatively constant power: nullnullnullnullnull/nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullwhere Npis the minimum number of pairs needed. Rp/kis the loop resistance per kft for the wire size to be used at the expected maximum temperature
49、. dkis the one-way distance (in kft) from the source to the load end of the line-powering circuit. Pmaxis the maximum power usage of the end equipment. Vminis the minimum voltage at the end equipment. 4.3 Power which prevents contact with the higher voltage between two conductors in line-powering system. Small, dry contact area Keep the area of the skin in contact with a conductor as small and as dry as possible (resistance of the skin
