1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600328.2007 PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINKS FROM PHYSICAL STRESS AND RADIATION EFFECTS AND ASSOCIATED REQUIREMENTS FOR DC POWER SYSTEMS (A BASELINE STANDARD) ATIS is the leading technical planning and standards development organization
2、committed to the rapid development of global, market-driven standards for the information, entertainment and communications industry. More than 250 companies actively formulate standards in ATIS 20 Committees, covering issues including: IPTV, Service Oriented Networks, Home Networking, Energy Effici
3、ency, IP-Based and Wireless Technologies, Quality of Service, Billing and Operational Support. In addition, numerous Incubators, Focus and Exploratory Groups address emerging industry priorities including “Green”, IP Downloadable Security, Next Generation Carrier Interconnect, IPv6 and Convergence.
4、ATIS is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a member and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio and Telecommunications Sectors, and a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). F
5、or more information, please visit . AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment
6、of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concert
7、ed effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures no
8、t conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard
9、 in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of
10、the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Notice of Di
11、sclaimer an accumulation of granular ice tufts on the windward sides of exposed objects that is formed from supercooled fog or cloud and built out directly against the wind; crust or incrustation. 10This document is available from the International Electrotechnical Commission. 11This document is ava
12、ilable from the International Telecommunications Union. 12Available from Department of Defense, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: Standardization Order Desk. ATIS-0600328.2007 5 3.1.5 telecommunications link: A communications facility or channel connecting environme
13、ntally controlled centers, including feeder and local distribution plant, in the telecommunications network. Examples of these include, but are not necessarily restricted to: optical-fiber cable, coaxial cable, metallic cables, transmitting and receiving antenna or towers, manholes, pedestals, splic
14、e cases, repeater cases, and cable entrance facilities. 3.2 Abbreviations a unit of pressure or stress equal to one Newton per square meter PE Polyethylene RMS Root-Mean-Square TIA Telecommunications Industry Association ATIS-0600328.2007 6 4 PROTECTION MEASURES OVERVIEW 4.1 General The baseline phy
15、sical protection measures are classified into the following areas: Vibration; Water Penetration; Temperature and Fire; Lightning; Wind and Ice; Rodents, Birds, and Insects; Construction; Corrosion Aerial; Corrosion Buried; Telecommunications Power; and Radiation Effects. Each stress type has protect
16、ive measures with reference to informative Annexes as necessary. 5 VIBRATION 5.1 General Vibration, or motions of plant and links, may be caused by sources either external or internal to the surrounding environment. Vibration may be categorized as either continuous or transient. Continuous vibration
17、 is associated with rotating machinery, and is generally a long-duration event. Fatigue may be associated with continuous vibration. The amplitude of vibration is greatest when the equipment or structure has a resonant frequency at the same frequency as the excitation sources. Transient vibrations a
18、re generally short duration, temporary motions caused by earthquakes (see Annex L), blasting, or vehicles. The energy levels associated with transient vibrations generally build quickly to maximum values, then decay rapidly to negligible values over a time period dictated by the sources and damping
19、(energy dissipation) characteristics of a given site. 5.2 Vibration-related requirements Telecommunications links shall remain operational after sustaining forces caused by continuous or transient sources of normally-encountered vibrations. If there is physical damage to the links, it shall not be s
20、uch as to disrupt service, and shall be limited to repairs that can be made without disruption of service. 5.2.1 Ability to Resist Vibratory Forces Connection and repeater points in telecommunications link plant should be tested or analyzed to demonstrate the ability to resist vibratory forces. Stru
21、ctures that are included in this category are supporting racks of the cable and equipment, manholes, pedestals, and mounting cases for above-ground repeaters. Telecommunications links should resist vibratory forces from internal and external sources. The accelerations produced by these vibrations ma
22、y be as high as 0.1 g (g is the symbol for the acceleration of gravity). Telecommunications links that are subjected to these levels of vibration should demonstrate the ability to withstand this environment when either tested or analyzed. The mechanical frequency range from 5 to 200 Hz should be use
23、d in the testing. Physical damage or service affecting outage should not occur from these vibrations to either the facility or the link. A test method for vibration that may be applied to a specimen that matches the installed configuration is given in Annex K. Acceptance levels shall be such that no
24、 physical damage occurs that disrupts ATIS-0600328.2007 7 service. Analysis of the structure shall demonstrate that safe stress levels are not exceeded for all support elements. 5.2.2 Cable Supports Telecommunications cable within manholes should be supported on racks that are fastened to walls or c
25、eilings. Cables should be secured to the racks or supporting structures by means of lashing or cable ties. These measures offer vibration protection by stiffening cables such that their relative displacements are small. 5.2.3 Limitation on Mass The weight of telecommunications links, including cable
26、 and apparatus, shall not exceed the safe working load of the hardware support structure. 5.3 Earthquake Resistance Testing Telecommunications links equipment shall be resistant to the accelerative forces imposed by earthquakes and shall be tested using ATIS-0600329.2008. Although developed for netw
27、ork telecommunications equipment installed within buildings, applying the standards testing profile to link cables and fittings is deemed very aggressive because of the amplifying effects of multi-story building motion incorporated within the earthquake testing profile. Link assemblies satisfactoril
28、y passing the testing criteria compare favorably to network equipment passing this requirement for application in buildings. 6 WATER PENETRATION 6.1 Water Resistance of Optical-Fiber Cable The optical-fiber cable structure shall limit the migration of water within the cable to the immediate area whe
29、re the cable was breached by natural or man-made causes. Optical-fiber cables shall meet the following requirements: a) The interstices in the cable shall be filled with a filling compound. The filling compound material shall be nonnutritive to fungus, nonhygroscopic, electrically nonconductive, hom
30、ogeneous, translucent, and free from dirt and foreign matter. The filling material shall have a minimum oxidative induction time of 20 minutes when tested per ANSI/ASTM D3895. b) When a one-meter static head - or equivalent - continuous pressure is applied at one end of a one-meter length of cable f
31、or one hour, no water shall leak through the open cable end when tested in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA 455-82B. ATIS-0600328.2007 8 6.2 Water Resistance of Copper-Conductor Cables Filled cables shall contain a filling compound meeting the requirements of paragraphs 4.5 and 4.5.1 of ANSI/ICEA S-84-6
32、08. The insulation/filling compound system shall be suitably stabilized so as to meet the thermal oxidative stability requirement of paragraph 3.4.6.B of ANSI/ICEA S-84-608. The filled cable shall meet the capacitance difference and water penetration test requirements of paragraphs 8.4 and 9.2 of AN
33、SI/ICEA S-84-608. 6.3 Water-impermeable electrical connectors 6.3.1 Requirement Electrical connector test samples (such as wire splices and terminal blocks) used in equipment enclosures that are not watertight or environmentally-controlled, in areas where the enclosure may be flooded or exposed to a
34、ggressive atmospheric conditions - such as industrial air pollution or a marine environment - shall be impermeable to water. 6.3.2 Water Permeability Test Procedure Electrical connector test samples shall be immersed under 15 cm (5.9 inches) of tap water at 25C (77F) for 168 hours. During this immer
35、sion period, 48 V dc shall be applied between pairs of conductors. After this immersion period, the insulation resistance between the connectors and a ground electrode immersed in the water bath shall exceed 100 M. No connectors shall show visual (non-magnified) evidence of corrosion after immersion
36、 in the water. 6.4 Rain-Resistant Enclosures 6.4.1 Requirement Aboveground equipment enclosures shall prevent water intrusion from wind-driven rain. Sample equipment enclosures, including network interface device (NID) enclosures, shall be subjected to a rain test in all directions to determine the
37、effectiveness of the protective covers or cases to shield equipment from rain. These tests shall be applied to equipment that might be exposed to rain under service conditions. All surfaces onto which the rain could fall or be driven shall be exposed to the test conditions described in 6.4.3. 6.4.2
38、Objectives 6.4.2.1 Equipment Enclosures At the conclusion of the rain test, the outside of the sample shall be wiped clean of water. Upon visual examination inside the enclosure, there shall be no wetting of current carrying parts. A maximum moisture accumulation of 4 cc per cubic foot of interior s
39、pace is permitted as long as no electronics or electrical components are affected. ATIS-0600328.2007 9 6.4.2.2 Network Interface Device An outdoor NID shall prevent the entry of water when installed as intended. Where tip and ring are present, the resistance between tip and ring, tip to ground, and
40、ring to ground shall be no less than 10M ohms when measured 5 minutes after water flow ceases. The criteria specified in UL 1863, Communication circuit accessories, shall be met. 6.4.3 Rainwater Intrusion Test Procedure 6.4.3.1 Equipment Enclosures The enclosure test samples shall be mounted in thei
41、r typical mounting position and sprayed with water. The temperature of the water shall be adjusted to be equal to, or warmer than, that of the cabinet interior to avoid possible condensation. Any fans or other cooling systems, if present in the enclosure, shall be operated and any dampers shall be o
42、pened during this test in order to test worst-case conditions. One of the following rain test procedures, as specified in MIL-STD-810E, Method 506.3, shall be used to evaluate rainwater intrusion of equipment enclosures: Procedure I, with a wind speed of 18m/s (40 mph) and a rainfall rate of 13 cm/h
43、 (5.2 inches/hour); or Procedure III. 6.4.3.2 Network Interface Device Samples with covers in place shall be subjected, in all directions, to a rain test for a period of 24 hours. The test specified in UL 1863 shall be performed with the following exceptions: Water pressure, 94.3 kPa (10 psi); and D
44、uration, 24 hours. 7 SOLAR RADIATION 7.1 Measures The outer plastic sheath of copper-conductor or optical-fiber cable shall meet or exceed solar radiation resistance properties exhibited by those specified for polyethylene in the outer protective sheath. The polyethylene or materials used shall be i
45、n accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.2.1 of ANSI/ICEA S-84-608 and shall meet the requirements for absorption coefficient and oxidative stability of paragraph 7.2.3 of ANSI/ICEA S-84-608. ATIS-0600328.2007 10 8 OPERATIONAL TEMPERATURE 8.1 Introduction To maintain the optical characteris
46、tics and mechanical reliability of the optical-fibers over time, the cable should be designed with all known failure mechanisms in mind. The following measures address optical-fiber cable installations. 8.2 Measures The optical-fiber shall meet the following requirements: The optical-fiber shall be
47、proof-tested during production for the entire length of the fiber to be used in the cable to a minimum stress of 0.35 GPa (50 kpsi) in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-31 C; The tensile strength of an un-aged fiber sample shall not be less than 3.5 GPa (500 kpsi) when tested in accordance ANSI/EIA/T
48、IA 455-28B. Also, the cable structure should be designed to maintain cabled fibers in a state of near-zero tensile loading after installation by conforming to the following requirement: Optical fibers shall not exhibit a fiber stress greater than two-thirds of the fiber proof stress when the cable i
49、s subjected to the rated tensile installation load. The residual fiber strain shall not be greater than 0.05 percent when the load is removed. The cable shall be tested in accordance with ANSI/EIA 455-33A and fiber strain measurement methods in use by the industry. Thermal aging of the cable structure can lead to attenuation increases induced by microbending. The cable materials should be selected and the structure optimized so that such dimensional changes do not significantly induce attenuation increases in the fiber at the operating t
