1、 ATIS-0632000.2005 ABOVE-BASELINE ELECTRICAL PROTECTION FOR DESIGNATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS CENTRAL OFFICES AND SIMILAR-TYPE FACILITIES AGAINST HIGH-ALTITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (HEMP) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS is a technical planning and standards development organizati
2、on that is committed to rapidly developing and promoting technical and operations standards for the communications and related information technologies industry worldwide using a pragmatic, flexible and open approach. Over 1,100 participants from more than 350 communications companies are active in
3、ATIS 21 industry committees, and its Incubator Solutions Program. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is esta
4、blished when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be
5、considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using product
6、s, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of
7、 an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn a
8、t any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Sta
9、ndards Institute. ATIS-0632000.2005, Above-Baseline Electrical Protection for Designated Telecommunications Central Offices and Similar-Type Facilities against High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Is an American National Standard developed by the Network Electrical Protection (NEP) Subcommitte
10、e under the ATIS Network Interface, Power, and Protection Committee (NIPP). Published by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 1200 G Street, NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20005 Copyright 2005 by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions All rights reserved. No part of this publ
11、ication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information contact ATIS at 202.628.6380. ATIS is online at . Printed in the United States of America. ATIS-0632000.2005 Revision of T1.320-1994 (R1999) A
12、merican National Standard for Telecommunications ABOVE-BASELINE ELECTRICAL PROTECTION FOR DESIGNATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS CENTRAL OFFICES AND SIMILAR-TYPE FACILITIES AGAINST HIGH-ALTITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (HEMP) Secretariat Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Approved January 10, 2
13、005 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This above-baseline standard applies to central offices and similar-type facilities in public telecommunications networks in which a special measure of resistance to damage from high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is desired. ATIS-06320
14、00.2005 ii FOREWORD The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus pro
15、cess. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. The Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions (ATIS) serves the public through improved understanding between carriers, customers, and manufacturers. The Network Interface, Power, and Protection Co
16、mmittee (NIPP) - formerly T1E1 - develops and recommends standards and technical reports. The standards and technical reports are related to power systems, electrical and physical protection for the exchange and interexchange carrier networks, and interfaces associated with user access to telecommun
17、ications networks. ANSI guidelines specify two categories of requirements: mandatory and recommendation. The mandatory requirements are designated by the word shall and recommendations by the word should. Where both a mandatory requirement and a recommendation are specified for the same criterion, t
18、he recommendation represents a goal currently identifiable as having distinct compatibility or performance advantages. Suggestions for improvement of this document are welcome. They should be sent to the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, NIPP Secretariat, 1200 G Street NW, Suite 50
19、0, Washington, DC 20005. At the time it approved this document, NIPP, which is responsible for the development of this Standard, had the following members: R. Townsend, NIPP Chair E. Eckert, NIPP Vice-Chair S. Carioti, ATIS Disciplines S. Barclay, ATIS Secretariat C. Underkoffler, ATIS Chief Editor
20、P. Pool, NIPP Technical Editor Organization Represented Name of Representative Actelis Networks Inc. Ishai Ilani ADC Telecommunications Inc. Bob Kroninger Dieter Nattkemper (Alt.) ADTRAN Inc. Arlynn Wilson Richard Goodson (Alt.) Aktino, Inc. Ray Nagele Michail Tsatsanis (Alt.) Alcatel USA Inc. Ken B
21、iholar J. Lane Moss (Alt.) ASTRI Jacky Chow AT FROM T1.320)10 FIGURE 3 - T1.320 GROUNDING SYSTEM - GENERAL (FROM T1.313-2003).11 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ATIS-0632000.2005 American National Standard for Telecommunications ABOVE-BASELINE ELECTRICAL PROTECTION FOR DESIGNATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS CENTR
22、AL OFFICES AND SIMILAR-TYPE FACILITIES AGAINST HIGH-ALTITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (HEMP) 1 1 SCOPE 1.1 Telecommunications facilities covered This above-baseline standard applies to central offices and similar-type facilities in public telecommunications networks in which a special measure of resist
23、ance to damage from high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is desired. It describes electrical protection measures that extend beyond the baseline-level measures against the normally encountered electromagnetic threats included in T1.308-1996 (R2002) and T1.313-2003. The measures of this standar
24、d are intended for telecommunications facilities that contain electronic communications equipment, including switching centers, central offices, signal transfer points, head-ends, Electronic Equipment Enclosures (EEE), routers, and any other subsystem upon which the call process is dependent. 1.2 Ap
25、plication of protection measures This standard is intended to provide practical and cost-effective electrical/electromagnetic protection measures that will impart a basic level of protection against HEMP for central offices and similar type facilities of public telecommunications networks (PTN). It
26、presents a background of generalized measures to be applied to a specific site. The protection measures of this above-baseline standard shall be negotiated with each individual service provider (local exchange carrier, interexchange carrier, etc.) as each situation arises. 1.3 Measures not covered T
27、his standard does not cover the specialized and comprehensive measures that would be needed for near- absolute immunity to HEMP on special-purpose, hardened telecommunications routes. Detailed site-specific measures are beyond the scope of this standard and are subject to negotiation between user an
28、d supplier. The measures described in this standard apply at the facility level, and do not provide techniques for the protection of specific network equipment or components. 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provision
29、s of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the sta
30、ndards indicated below. ATIS-0632000.2005 2 T1.308-1996 (R2002), Central office equipment Electrostatic discharge requirements.1T1.313-2003, Electrical protection for telecommunications central offices and similar type facilities.1T1.333-2001, Grounding and Bonding of Telecommunications Equipment.1I
31、EEE 100-1996, Dictionary of electrical and electronics terms.2IEEE C62.41.1-2002, IEEE Guide on the Surge Environment in Low-Voltage (1000V and Less) AC Power Circuits.2IEEE C62.41.2-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice on Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage (1000V and Less) AC Power Circuits.2ANSI
32、/NFPA 70-2005, National electrical code.3ANSI/NFPA 780-2000, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2000 edition.3IEC 61000-4-2 Ed. 1.2 b: 2001, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test.4ITU-T Re
33、commendation K.27, Bonding considerations and earthing inside a telecommunication building (05/96).5UL 1449-1996, Standard for safety for transient voltage surge suppressors.63 DEFINITIONS Unless defined in this clause, the definitions of all terms used in this standard conform to ANSI/IEEE 100 and
34、to T1.313-2003. 3.1 common bonding network (CBN): The CBN is the principal means for effecting bonding and grounding (earthing) inside a telecommunications building. It is the set of metallic components that are intentionally or incidentally interconnected to form the principal BN in a building. The
35、se components include: structural steel or reinforcing rods, metallic plumbing, ac power conduit, ACEG conductors, cable racks, and bonding conductors. The CBN, also called the integrated ground plane, always has a mesh topology and is connected to the exterior grounding electrode system. 3.2 electr
36、onic equipment enclosure (EEE): An enclosure housing telecommunications electronics equipment. It may consist of a weatherproof enclosure, equipment pod, or an equipment hut. Types of equipment contained in an EEE might be switches, carrier electronics, or remote terminals. The EEE may be located re
37、motely from a central office, and may be located above or below ground. The temperature and humidity within the EEE may be controlled. The EEE, like the central office, is served by telecommunications outside plant cable, which may be aerial, directly buried, or placed in underground conduit. It may
38、 also be served by commercial ac power facilities, and may have provisions for standby power. 1This document is available from the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, 1200 G Street N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005. 2Available from IEEE Operations Center at . 3Available from NFPA
39、, National Fire Protection Association, at . 4Available from IEC, International Electrotechnical Commission at . 5Available from ITU-T, International Telecommunications Union, at . 6Available from UL, Underwriters Laboratories, at ATIS-0632000.2005 3 3.3 isolated bonding network (IBN): A bonding net
40、work that has a single point of connection to either the CBN or another isolated bonding network. All IBNs considered herein shall have a connection to earth by means of the single point of connection. 3.4 metallic member: A non-communications metallic cable component such as a shield, vapor barrier
41、, or strength member. 3.5 near absolute immunity: A central office or similar-type facilitys ability to maintain continuity of operations without any operationally significant interruption of service from either hardware or software failures in the presence of one or more HEMP events. 3.6 Point Of E
42、ntry (POE): The location in a facility or building where a penetrator (e.g., cable, pipe, ac power service) first enters the structure. 3.7 tip cable (connector stub): A telecommunications cable that connects the paired-conductor outside plant entrance cable to the protector. The tip cable (connecto
43、r stub) for the central office use has fire-resistance characteristics suitable for the purpose. 3.8 unenclosed penetrator: A penetrator (e.g., cable, wire, pipe, or other metallic conductor) that is not routed through the facility inside a metallic enclosure (such as a conduit) that is bonded to th
44、e CBN. 4 ACRONYMS ACEG AC equipment ground BN Bonding Network CBN Common Bonding Network CEF Cable Entrance Facility EEE Electronic Equipment Enclosures ESD Electrostatic Discharge GES Grounding Electrode System HEMP High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse IBN Isolated Bonding Network POE Point Of Entry
45、 PTN Public Telecommunications Network 5 HEMP EXPOSURE 5.1 HEMP exposed plant HEMP is generated as the result of a high-altitude (exoatmospheric) nuclear explosion. The magnitude and area of the coverage of HEMP fields at ground level are functions of the size and altitude of the burst. Since these
46、factors of the burst are unpredictable, all telecommunications plant should be considered as exposed to HEMP events. ATIS-0632000.2005 4 5.2 HEMP effects HEMP influences central offices and similar-type facilities principally through two mechanisms. First, HEMP fields directly illuminate buildings a
47、nd enclosures that are in line-of-sight of the explosion point. Second, exterior conductors (such as power lines or telephone cables) are subject to large HEMP-induced voltages. The current produced by these voltages are introduced inside buildings and enclosures when these conductors penetrate exte
48、rior walls. The current on penetrators can be conductively coupled to electronic equipment within a facility. The equipment can also be affected by currents induced on interbay leads by direct incident HEMP fields and by the fields of the currents in penetrators. See Figure 1. 6 PROTECTION MEASURES
49、6.1 General The HEMP protection measures are broadly classified into two areas: shielding enhancements and minimization of penetration effects. 6.2 Shielding enhancements 6.2.1 General Above-baseline shielding requirements can be met through the use of steel-reinforced poured concrete structures. The alternative for structures where this construction is not practical or cost effective is the interconnection of interior metallic structures, as discussed in 6.2.3. 6.2.2 Building Construction Designs for public telecommunications central offices and similar
