1、Specification forLow-Alloy SteelElectrodes andFluxes forSubmerged ArcWeldingAWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011An American National StandardAWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteAugust 23, 2011Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesand Fluxes fo
2、r Submerged Arc Welding6th EditionSupersedes AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides requi
3、rements for the classification of solid and composite carbon steel and low-alloy steelelectrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding. Electrode classification is based on chemical composition of the elec-trode for solid electrodes, and chemical composition of the weld metal for composite electrodes
4、. Fluxes may be classifiedusing a multiple pass classification system or a two-run classification system, or both, under this specification. Multiplepass classification is based on the mechanical properties and the deposit composition of weld metal produced with theflux and an electrode classified h
5、erein. Two-run classification is based upon mechanical properties only. Additionalrequirements are included for sizes, marking, manufacturing and packaging. The form and usability of the flux are alsoincluded. A guide is appended to the specification as a source of information concerning the classif
6、ication systememployed and the intended use of submerged arc fluxes and electrodes.This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). Since these are notequivalent, each system must be used independently of the other.International Standard Book Numb
7、er: 978-0-87171-794-8American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2011 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, incl
8、uding mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by
9、 the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011iiAWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (co
10、des, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are
11、either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the gov
12、ernmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations
13、from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS a
14、dministers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to p
15、roperty, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on thisstandard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pu
16、blished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely
17、on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent person
18、nel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publica-tion of amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editionsof AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda a
19、re posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Usersshould ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any pa
20、tent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are
21、printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such reques
22、ts should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are o
23、ffered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or uno
24、fficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It mustbe reviewed every five years
25、, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AW
26、S A5 Committee on FillerMetals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the com-ments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for a
27、ppeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are pro-vided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from theAmerican Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011ivThis page is intentionally bl
28、ank.AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011vPersonnelAWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsH. D. Wehr, Chair Arcos Industries, LLCJ. J. DeLoach Jr., Vice Chair Naval Surface Warfare CenterR. D. Fuchs, 2nd Vice Chair Bhler Welding Group USA, IncorporatedR. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding SocietyT.
29、 Anderson ESAB Welding therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other, without combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1, MetricPractice Guide for the Welding Industry, and ISO 544, Welding consumables Technical delivery conditions for weld-ing filler m
30、aterials Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings, are used where suitable. Tables and figuresmake use of both U.S. Customary and SI Units, which, with the application of the specified tolerances, provides for inter-changeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Units.This is th
31、e fifth revision of the document originally issued in 1976. That document was issued jointly by the AmericanWelding Society and the American Society for Testing and Materials. The practice of issuing filler metal specificationsas joint AWS/ASTM documents was discontinued shortly after the original v
32、ersion of this specification was issued. The1976 version, published by AWS, was accepted by the American National Standards Institute as an ANSI standard.Subsequent revisions have become ANSI/AWS standards. This revision includes new classifications EB23, B23, EB24,B24, ENi6 and Ni6. Classifications
33、 Ni3, Ni5, EA1TiB, EA2TiB and B9 have been modified. EB9 has been renamed asEB91 and B9 has been renamed to B91. The dual classification restriction has been deleted. Boron (B) reporting require-ment has been added if intentionally added or found at a level greater than 0.0010%. Substantive changes
34、are shown initalics font. The evolution took place as follows:ANSI/AWS A5.2376, Specification for Bare Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;ANSI/AWS A5.2380, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;ANSI/AWS A5.2390, Specification f
35、or Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;ANSI/AWS A5.23/A5.23M:1999, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;and AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2007, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding.Comments and s
36、uggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami,FL 33126.The welding terms used in this specification shall be interpreted in accordance wi
37、th the definitions given in the latest edition of AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions.AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011viiiThis page is intentionally blank.AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2011ixTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiList of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . xi1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145. Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146. Rounding-Off Procedure .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147. Summary of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
44、.1 Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.2 Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148. Retest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169. Weld Test Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.1 Requirements for Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.2 Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199.3 Weld Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199.4 Groove Weld for Multiple Pass Classification
48、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.5 Butt Weld for Two-Run Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229.6 Diffusible Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210. Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211. Radiographic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2212. Tension Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
