1、Specification forLow-Alloy SteelElectrodes andRods for GasShielded ArcWeldingAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005An American National StandardCopyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-550 N.W. LeJeune
2、Road, Miami, Florida 33126AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005An American National StandardApproved byAmerican National Standards InstituteMarch 9, 2005Specification forLow-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rodsfor Gas Shielded Arc WeldingSupersedes ANSI/AWS A5.28-96Prepared byAWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied
3、 MaterialsUnder the Direction ofAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved byAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification prescribes the requirements for classification of solid low-alloy steel electrodes and rods, compos-ite stranded low-alloy steel electrodes, and composite metal cored low-all
4、oy steel electrodes for gas shielded arc weld-ing. Classification is based on chemical composition of the electrode for solid electrodes and rods, chemical compositionof weld metal for composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes and the as-welded or postweld heat treatedmechanical proper
5、ties of the weld metal for each. Additional requirements are included for manufacture, sizes, lengths,and packaging. A guide is appended to the specification as a source of information concerning the classification systememployed and the intended use of the electrodes and rods.This specification mak
6、es use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). Since theseunits are not equivalent, each system must be used independently of the other.Key WordsFiller metal specifications, low-alloy steel welding electrodes, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, metal co
7、red electrodes, plasma arc welding, stranded electrodes, low-alloy steel welding rods, solid electrodesCopyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiStatement on Use of AWS American Nation
8、al StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS sta
9、ndards are either incorporated in, or made part of,documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies,their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must beapproved b
10、y the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or de
11、viations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-006-4American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2005 by American Welding Society. All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of Ame
12、ricaAWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of conse
13、nsus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential
14、 or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on thisstandard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render
15、professional or other services for or onbehalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the adviceof a competent profession
16、al in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this
17、standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does
18、 it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a r
19、equest, in writ-ing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126 (see Annex B). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standardsmay be rendered. However, such opinions represent
20、 only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. Theseindividuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpreta-tions of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for
21、an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It mustbe reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommenda-tions, additions, or deletions) and any
22、pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requiredand should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A5Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committeesrespons
23、e to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals andAllied Materials to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all suchcomments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Co
24、mmittee. A copy of these Rules can beobtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific
25、clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that theappropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400;online: http:/.Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo repr
26、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiPersonnelAWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsD. A. Fink, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. S. Lee, 1st Vice Chair Chicago Bridge therefore each system must be used inde-pendently of the other, without combining val
27、ues in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1 MetricPractice Guide for the Welding Industry and ISO 544, Welding consumablesTechnical delivery conditions for weldingfiller materialsType of product, dimensions, tolerances, and markings, are used where suitable. Tables and figuresmake u
28、se of both U.S. Customary and SI Units, which, with the application of the specified tolerances, provide forinterchangeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Units.The current document is the second revision of the initial AWS document issued in 1979.The history of A5.28 may be summarized
29、 as follows:AWS A5.28-79 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Metal Arc WeldingAWS A5.28-96 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to
30、the Secretary,AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,Miami, FL 33126.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending arequest, in writing, to the Managing Director, Technic
31、al Services Division, American Welding Society. A formal replywill be issued after it has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established procedures.AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network
32、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page is intentionally blank.viAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-viiTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel iiiFore
33、word vList of Tables viiiList of Figures. viii1. Scope 1Part AGeneral Requirements12. Normative References .13. Classification.24. Acceptance 25. Certification.26. Rounding-Off Procedure .6Part BTests, Procedures, and Requirements 67. Summary of Tests68. Retest.69. Weld Test Assemblies.910. Chemical
34、 Analysis.1111. Radiographic Test .1412. Tension Test 1413. Impact Test1414. Diffusible Hydrogen Test16Part CManufacture, Identification, and Packaging .1615. Method of Manufacture.1616. Standard Sizes .1617. Finish and Uniformity .1618. Standard Package Forms .1819. Winding Requirements1820. Filler
35、 Metal Identification .2021. Packaging 2122. Marking of Packages.21Nonmandatory Annexes23Annex AGuide to AWS Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding .23Annex BGuidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for AWS Technical Committee33AWS Filler Metal Sp
36、ecifications Listed by Material and Welding Process.35AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents .37AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-viiiList of
37、TablesTable Page No.1 Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Electrodes and Rods 32 Chemical Composition Requirements for Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes.43 Tension Test Requirements54 Impact Test Requirements .75 Required Tests86 Base Metal for Test Assemblies.127 Preheat, Interpass, and
38、Postweld Heat Treatment Temperatures.138 Optional Diffusible Hydrogen Requirements 169 Standard Sizes 1710 Packaging Requirements18List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness102 Pad for Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes .1
39、13 Radiographic Acceptance Standards154A Standard SpoolsDimensions of 4, 8, 12, and 14 in 100, 200, 300, and 350 mm Spools.194B Standard SpoolsDimensions of 22, 24, and 30 in 560, 610, and 760 mm Spools.20A1 Classification System.24A2 Optional GTAW Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties
40、 and Soundness26AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005Copyright American Welding Society Provided by IHS under license with AWSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AWS A5.28/A5.28M:200511. Scope1.1 This specification prescribes requirements for theclassification of low-a
41、lloy steel electrodes (solid, com-posite stranded and composite metal cored) and rods(solid) for gas metal arc (GMAW), gas tungsten arc(GTAW), and plasma arc (PAW) welding.1.2 Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond thescope of this standard and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Some
42、 safety and health informationcan be found in the nonmandatory Annex Sections A5and A10. Safety and health information is available fromother sources, including but not limited to ANSI Z49.1,Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, andapplicable federal and state regulations.1.3 This specif
43、ication makes use of both U.S. CustomaryUnits and the International System of Units (SI). Themeasurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem must be used independently of the other withoutcombining in any way when referring to weld metalproperties. The specification with the designatio
44、n A5.28uses U.S. Customary Units. The specification A5.28Muses SI Units. The latter are shown within brackets orin appropriate columns in tables and figures. Standarddimensions based on either system may be used forsizing of electrodes or packaging or both under theA5.28 or A5.28M specifications.Par
45、t AGeneral Requirements2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis AWS standard. For dated references, subsequentamendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreeme
46、nt based onthis AWS standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of thedocuments shown below. For undated references, thelatest edition of the standard applies.2.1 ASTM Standards1(1) A 36/A 36M, Specification for Carbon StructuralSteel(2) A 203/A 203M, S
47、pecification for Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel(3) A 285/A 285M, Specification for Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-TensileStrength(4) A 387/A 387M, Specification for Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum(5) A 515/A 515M, Specification fo
48、r Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service(6) A 516/A 516M, Specification for Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Tem-perature Service(7) A 537/A 537M, Specification for Pressure Ves-sel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-
49、SiliconSteel(8) E 29, Standard Practice for Using SignificantDigits in Test Data to Determine Conformance withSpecifications(9) E 350, Standard Test Method for Chemical Anal-ysis of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Steel, Silicon ElectricalSteel, Ingot Iron and Wrought Iron(10) E 1032, Standard Test Method for RadiographicExamination of Weldments.1. ASTM standards are published by the American Societyfor Testing a
