1、AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)An American National StandardSpecification forLow-Alloy SteelElectrodes andRods for GasShielded ArcWeldingAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 21, 2015Specification forLow-Alloy Steel Electrode
2、s and Rodsfor Gas Shielded Arc Welding3rd EditionSupersedes ANSI/AWS A5.28-96Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification pre
3、scribes the requirements for classification of solid low-alloy steel electrodes and rods, compositestranded low-alloy steel electrodes, and composite metal cored low-alloy steel electrodes for gas shielded arc welding.Classification is based on chemical composition of the electrode for solid electro
4、des and rods, chemical composition ofweld metal for composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes and the as-welded or postweld heat treated me-chanical properties of the weld metal for each. Additional requirements are included for manufacture, sizes, lengths, andpackaging. A guide is app
5、ended to the specification as a source of information concerning the classification system em-ployed and the intended use of the electrodes and rods.This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). Since these unitsare not equivalent, each system
6、must be used independently of the other.iiAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)ISBN: 978-0-87171-869-3 2015 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in an
7、yform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is
8、 granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, s
9、pecifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either
10、 incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS stan-dards must be approved by the governm
11、ental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of thoselaws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document thatinvokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from
12、 requirements of anAWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers
13、 theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test,evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or
14、other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herei
15、n.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her
16、 own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This stand
17、ard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.or
18、g). Users should ensure that theyhave the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims l
19、iability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only
20、 be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries ma
21、de concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These
22、 individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
23、 the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It mustbe reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommenda-tions, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required ands
24、hould be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A5 Committeeon Filler Metals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response tothe comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Com
25、mittee on Filler Metals and Allied Materialsto express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments areprovided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Societ
26、y, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)vPersonnel (Reaffirmation)AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsH. D. Wehr, Chair Arcos Industries, LLCJ. J. DeLoach Jr, 1st Vice Chair Naval Surface Warfare CenterR. D. Fuchs, 2n
27、d Vice Chair voestalpine Bhler Welding USA, IncorporatedR. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding SocietyT. Anderson ITWMiller Electric Manufacturing CompanyJ. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers CompanyJ. L. Caron Haynes International, IncorporatedG. L. Chouinard Stoody CompanyD. D. Crockett Consultant R. V. De
28、cker WeldstarD. M. Fedor The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler North AmericaD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyG. L. Franke ConsultantR. M. Henson The Harris Products GroupS. D. Kiser ConsultantP. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies CorporationD. J. Kotecki Damian Kotecki Weld
29、ing ConsultantsL. G. Kvidahl Ingalls ShipbuildingA. Y. Lau Canadian Welding BureauJ. S. Lee ChevronJ. R. Logan Babcock therefore each system must be used inde-pendently of the other, without combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1 MetricPractice Guide for the Weldin
30、g Industry and ISO 544, Welding consumablesTechnical delivery conditions for weldingfiller materialsType of product, dimensions, tolerances, and markings, are used where suitable. Tables and figuresmake use of both U.S. Customary and SI Units, which, with the application of the specified tolerances,
31、 provide for inter-changeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Units.The current document is the second revision of the initial AWS document issued in 1979.The history of A5.28 may be summarized as follows:AWS A5.28-79 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Meta
32、l Arc WeldingAWS A5.28-96 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society
33、, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami,FL 33166.ErrataThe following Errata have been identified and incorporated into the current reprint of this document.Page 26Figure A2, Optional GTAW Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and SoundnessChange dimensions in the Dimension table as shown below:D
34、IMENSIONSin mmCLPRSTVWXZSpecimen CenterLength, min.Point of Temperature MeasurementRoot OpeningBackup Strip Overlap, min.ThicknessBackup Strip Thickness, min.Width, min.Backup Strip Width, min.Discard, min.3/8 1/410011/2 1/41/4 3/83/4 1/23/8 1/45119.5 6.52502513 6.56 9.019 13.09 6.51252525AWS A5.28/
35、A5.28M:2005 (R2015)This page is intentionally blank.xAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)xiTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel (Reaffirmation) vPersonnel (Original).viiForewordixList of Tables.xiiList of Figures.xii1. Scope.12. Normative References .13. Classification34. Acceptance .65. Certification .66. R
36、ounding Procedure .87. Summary of Tests 88. Retest 89. Weld Test Assemblies 810. Chemical Analysis .1411. Radiographic Test1412. Tension Test1513. Impact Test.1514. Diffusible Hydrogen Test 1715. Method of Manufacture1716. Standard Sizes .1717. Finish and Uniformity.1918. Standard Package Forms1919.
37、 Winding Requirements .1920. Filler Metal Identification.2021. Packaging .2122. Marking of Packages.21Annex A (Informative)Guide to AWS Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and RodsAnnex A (Informative)for Gas Shielded Arc Welding.23Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Tech
38、nical Inquiries .35AWS Filler Metal Specifications Listed by Material and Welding Process.37AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents.39AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)xiiList of TablesTable Page No.1 Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Electrodes and Rods32 Chemical Composition Req
39、uirements for Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes 43 Tension Test Requirements .54 Impact Test Requirements.75 Required Tests .96 Base Metal for Test Assemblies 127 Preheat, Interpass, and Postweld Heat Treatment Temperatures 138 Optional Diffusible Hydrogen Requirements179 Standard Sizes .1810 Pac
40、kaging Requirements .20List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness102 Pad for Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes.113 Radiographic Acceptance Standards.164A Standard SpoolsDimensions of 4 in, 8 in, 12 in, and 14 in 100 mm, 2
41、00 mm, 300 mm, and350 mm Spools 214B Standard SpoolsDimensions of 22 in, 24 in, and 30 in 560 mm, 610 mm, and 760 mm Spools .22A.1 Classification System 24A.2 Optional GTAW Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness 27AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)1
42、1. Scope1.1 This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of low-alloy steel electrodes (solid, compositestranded and composite metal cored) and rods (solid) for gas metal arc (GMAW), gas tungsten arc (GTAW), and plasmaarc (PAW) welding.1.2 Safety and health issues and concerns a
43、re beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not fully addressedherein. Some safety and health information can be found in the informative Annex Clauses A5 and A10. Safety andhealth information is available from other sources, including but not limited to ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cut
44、ting,and Allied Processes, and applicable federal and state regulations.1.3 This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). The measure-ments are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combin
45、ing inany way when referring to weld metal properties. The specification with the designation A5.28 uses U.S. CustomaryUnits. The specification A5.28M uses SI Units. The latter are shown within brackets or in appropriate columns intables and figures. Standard dimensions based on either system may be
46、 used for sizing of electrodes or packaging or bothunder the A5.28 or A5.28M specifications.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this AWS stan-dard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisio
47、ns of, any of these publications do not apply. However,parties to agreement based on this AWS standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the documents shown below. For undated references, the latest edition of the standard applies.2.1 ASTM Standards
48、1(1) A36/A36M, Specification for Carbon Structural Steel(2) A203/A203M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel(3) A285/A285M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength(4) A387/A387M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
49、 Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum(5) A515/A515M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-TemperatureService(6) A516/A516M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-TemperatureService(7) A537/A537M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel1ASTM standards are published by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesand Rods for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingAWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R201
