1、Specification forFluxes forBrazing andBraze WeldingAWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012An American National StandardAWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteFebruary 17, 2012 Specification forFluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding2nd EditionSupersedes ANSI
2、/AWS A5.31-92(R2003)Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractEighteen fluxes for brazing and braze welding are classified according to the f
3、iller metal, form, and activity temperaturerange. Classification is in accordance with a classification system that employs the designator “FB” to indicate fluxes forbrazing and braze welding applications. In addition to selected tests for each classification, major topics include generalrequirement
4、s, testing procedures, and packaging requirements. An annex listing general application guidelines isincluded.This specification makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The measurementsmay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used indep
5、endently.International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-807-5American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieva
6、l system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom u
7、se only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012iiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
8、All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American Nation
9、al Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be ap
10、proved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes
11、 in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.
12、 While the AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test,evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to
13、persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any
14、information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these document
15、s should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and com
16、petent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publica-tion of amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editionsof AWS standards including amendments, errata,
17、and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Usersshould ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringem
18、ent of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or
19、 figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee
20、. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex C).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These o
21、pinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute of
22、ficial or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It mustbe reviewed eve
23、ry five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful considerat
24、ion by the AWS A5 Committee on FillerMetals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials to express their comments verbally. Pro
25、cedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012iiiAWS A5.31M/A5.31
26、:2012ivThis page is intentionally blank.Personnel AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied MaterialsH. D. Wehr, Chair Arcos Industries LLCJ. J. DeLoach, Jr., 1stVice Chair Naval Surface Warfare CenterR. D. Fuchs, 2ndVice Chair Bohler Welding Group USA, IncorporatedR. Gupta, Secretary American We
27、lding SocietyT. Anderson ITW Welding North AmericaJ. M. Blackburn Naval Sea Systems CommandJ. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers CompanyJ. L. Caron Haynes International, IncorporatedD. D. Crockett ConsultantR. V. Decker WeldstarD. A. Del Signore ConsultantJ. DeVito ConsultantH. W. Ebert ConsultantD. M. Fedor
28、The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler North AmericaS. E. Ferree ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyG. L. Franke Naval Surface Warfare CenterR. M. Henson Harris Products GroupS. D. Kiser Special MetalsP. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corpo
29、rationD. J. Kotecki Damian Kotecki Welding ConsultantsL. G. Kvidahl Ingalls ShipbuildingA. Y. Lau Canadian Welding BureauJ. S. Lee ChevronT. Melfi The Lincoln Electric CompanyK. M. Merlo Edison Welding InstituteM. T. Merlo RevWires LLCB. Mosier Polymet CorporationA. K. Mukherjee Siemens Energy, Inco
30、rporatedT. C. Myers Oceaneering Intervention EngineeringC. L. Null ConsultantB. A. Pletcher CB therefore each system must be used independentlyof the other, without combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1, Metric Practice Guidefor the Welding Industry, and Internati
31、onal Standard ISO 544, Welding ConsumablesTechnical Delivery Conditions forWelding Filler MaterialsType of Product, Dimensions, Tolerances, and Markings, are used where suitable. Tables and figures make use of both SI Units and U.S. Customary Units, which with the application of the specified tolera
32、ncesprovides for interchangeability of products in both the SI Units and U.S. Customary Units.This is the second revision of the original specification issued in 1992. The first edition of the Brazing Manual, publishedin 1955, included a numerical list of fluxes. The next two editions, published in
33、10-year intervals, made numerouschanges to the initial listings, but lacked the inclusion of the testing and restrictions normally incorporated in a specifica-tion. The Brazing Manual was revised again in 1991 and published as the AWS Brazing Handbook. The fifth edition ofthe Brazing Handbook was pu
34、blished in 2007.In 1978, the American Welding Societys Brazing and Soldering Committee recognized the need for a flux specification.About two years later, collaboration between the Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials and the Subcommitteeon Filler Metals and Fluxes for Brazing led to the
35、initial preparation of the specification. At that point, the magnitude ofthe challenge to prepare a specification in an industry built on a foundation of proprietary products became apparent.After over a decade of activity by a dedicated group of brazing specialists, the first National Specification
36、, AWS/ANSIA5.3192, was issued. AWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012 represents over two decades of activity by a dedicated group of brazing specialists.The present edition, which supersedes ANSI/AWS A5.3192 (R2003), includes the following updates:The International System of Units (SI) is used as the primary unit o
37、f measurementThree classes of dispensable fluxes: FB3-L, FB3-M, FB3-NSodium Glare Test was removedTest base metal options added for select flux classificationsRevised shelf life requirementsRevised test specimen and preparation requirementsTest lot definitionRevised retest requirementsRevised partic
38、le size test requirementsAdherence Test title now reads as Adhesion TestRevised fluidity test requirementsA flux viscosity test reference is includedSupplemental AnnexesInformative references and safety considerationsNew substantive revisions are noted within the specification in italic font.Comment
39、s and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami,FL 33126.AWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012viiAWS A5.31M/A5.31:2012viiiThis page is intentionally
40、 blank.Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . 12. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36. Rounding-Off Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37. Summary of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. Retests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49. Test Sp
47、ecimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410. Flux Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .611. Filler Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612. Water Content Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613. Particle Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .714. Adhesion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715. Fluidity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .816. Flux
