1、Specification forWelding Procedureand PerformanceQualificationAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014An American National StandardAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteNovember 21, 2013Specification forWelding Procedure andPerformance Qualification6th Editio
2、nSupersedes AWS B2.1:2009Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the requirements for qualification of wel
3、ding procedure specifications, welders, and weldingoperators for manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, and automatic welding. The welding processes included areelectrogas welding, electron beam welding, electroslag welding, flux cored arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungstenarc welding, laser b
4、eam welding, oxyfuel gas welding, plasma arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, stud arc welding,and submerged arc welding. Base metals, filler metals, qualification variables, welding designs, and testing requirementsare also included.iiAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014ISBN: 978-0-87171-845-7 2014 by American
5、Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
6、copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Cen
7、ter, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are volun
8、tary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations
9、 of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these sta
10、ndards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are dev
11、eloped through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers the pro-cess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test,
12、 evaluate,or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirect
13、ly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for
14、 oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of
15、reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication
16、 of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this stand
17、ard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpre
18、tations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 13
19、0, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex H).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only
20、the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an offic
21、ial interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-mendations, additions, or deletions) and any per
22、tinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requiredand should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of the Com-mittees res
23、ponse to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Procedureand Performance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decisionconcerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Acti
24、vities Committee. A copy ofthese Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.ivAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014DedicationThe B2 Committee on Procedure and PerformanceQualification, humbly dedicate this edition ofAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014, Specification for WeldingProc
25、edure and Performance Qualification, to Dr.W. D. (Dor) Doty in recognition of his long stand-ing dedication to the committee and his efforts inthe advancement of the art and science of welding.Dor was a leading member of the originating com-mittee of this standard and was a significant forcein the d
26、evelopment of Standard Welding ProcedureSpecifications promoted by this standard.vAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014PersonnelAWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationJ. J. Fluckiger, Chair Idaho National LaboratoryJ. L. Cooley, 1st Vice Chair J. C. B2.2, Standard for Brazing Procedure and Perform
27、ance Qualification; B2.3, Specifi-cation for Soldering Procedure and Performance Qualification; and B2.4, Specification for Welding Procedure and Per-formance Qualification for Thermoplastics.AW S B 2 . 1 - 8 4 , Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification, was revised in 1998, 2000
28、, 2005, and2009.This is the sixth edition of B2.1, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. This revision hasundergone numerous modifications including the updating of definitions and materials; the clarification of performancequalification for partial joint penetration gro
29、ove welds and tack welds, and the qualification of multiple welders on a sin-gle test weldment; the addition of NAVSEA/Mil Standards and ABS as references in the Standard Welding ProcedureSpecification Annex and heat input formulae for waveform controlled power sources; the correction of dimensions
30、anddeletion of conflicting examples in the guided bend fixture figures; and editorial corrections throughout the document.A vertical line in the margin or underlined text in clauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change fromthe 2009 edition.Comments and suggestions for the i
31、mprovement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130,Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014ixAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014Table of ContentsPage
32、 No.Dedication vPersonnel viiForewordixList of TablesxxiList of FiguresxxiList of Forms.xxii1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope 11.2 Units of Measure 21.3 Safety22. Normative References .23. Terms and Definitions .34. Procedure Qualification54.1 General .54.2 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications
33、.54.3 Welding Procedures Qualified by Employer 74.4 Evaluation of Test Weldments 94.5 Qualification Thickness Limitations 94.6 Special Test Weldment Acceptance Criteria 94.7 Pipe and Plate Groove Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria 124.8 Fillet Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria .144.9 Claddi
34、ng Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria.164.10 Hardfacing Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria184.11 Stud Welds and Acceptance Criteria 194.12 Test Weldments less than 1/16 in 1.5 mm Acceptance Criteria.204.13 Welding Procedure Specification Data.234.14 Procedure Qualification Variables255. Perfor
35、mance Qualification315.1 General .315.2 Qualification by Standard Test .335.3 Qualification by Workmanship Test .345.4 Test Weldments.345.5 Examination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria .455.6 Performance Qualification Variables46xPage No.AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014Annexes.49Cross Reference for Renumbered
36、Annexes from the 2005 Specification to the 2009 Specification .50Annex A (Normative)IllustrationsWeld Position, Test Specimens, and Text Fixtures.51Annex B (Normative)Filler Metal Grouping71Annex C (Normative)Base Metal Grouping.75Annex D (Normative)Radiographic Examination Procedure.279Annex E (Inf
37、ormative)Basis for Establishing a Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS).283Annex F (Informative)Sample Forms.285Annex G (Informative)Macroetch Procedure.293Annex H (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries.297Annex I (Informative)Guidelines for Requesting Adoption
38、of New Materials Under the AWS B2.1Annex I (Informative)Standard.299List of AWS Documents on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification303xiAWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014List of TablesTable Page No.4.1 Test Methods Required for Procedure Qualification 104.2 Thickness and Size Limitations for Fillet Welds
39、for Procedure Qualification .104.3 Thickness Limitations of Plate and Pipe for Groove Welds for Procedure Qualification 114.4 Thickness Limitations for Cladding and Hardfacing for Procedure Qualification.114.5 Minimum Shear Strength for Aluminum Fillet Welds .174.6 Minimum Tensile Load Requirements
40、for Aluminum Stud Welds 204.7 Minimum Torque Requirements for Steel Stud Welds .214.8 Minimum Torque Requirements for Aluminum Stud Welds215.1 Examination Requirements for Performance Qualification325.2 Number of Bend Tests for Performance Qualification .345.3 Allowable Base Metals for Performance Q
41、ualification 365.4 Allowable Filler Metals for Performance Qualification .365.5 Position Limitations for Performance Tests375.6 Limitations for Performance Qualification on Groove Welds in Pipe and Tube 475.7 Limitations for Performance Qualification in Plate Groove Welds 475.8 Limitations for Perfo
42、rmance Qualification in Pipe Fillet Welds 48B.1 Grouping of Welding Electrodes and Rods for Qualification.72B.2 Classification of Ferrous Weld Metal for Procedure Qualification 74C.1 Listing of Base Metal SpecificationsFerrous Alloys 76C.1 Listing of Base Metal SpecificationsNonferrous Alloys 126C.2
43、 M-Number Listing of Base MetalsFerrous Alloys .154C.2 M-Number Listing of Base MetalsNonferrous Alloys .236C.3 Listing of Base Metal SpecificationsIron Castings.276D.1 Acceptable Linear Discontinuities for Radiographic Examination 280D.2 Acceptable Rounded Discontinuities for Radiographic Examinati
44、on 280List of FiguresFigure Page No.4.1 Welding Procedure Selection Criteria.64.2 Location of Groove Weld Test SpecimensPipe.124.3 Location of Test Specimens for Welded Box Tubing .134.4 Location of Tension, Longitudinal Bend, and Fracture Toughness SpecimensPlate144.5 Location of Tension, Fracture
45、Toughness, and Transverse Bend SpecimensPlate .154.6 Location of Fillet Weld Shear Test and Macroetch Specimens 164.7 Fillet Weld Break Test and Macroetch Specimens for Procedure Qualification 174.8 Location of Cladding Test Specimens 184.9 Location of Hardfacing Test Specimens .195.1 Selection of P
46、erformance Qualification MethodWorkmanship Test or Standard Test .325.2 Typical Workmanship Test Weldments.355.3 Location of 1G, 2G, 5G, and 6G Bend SpecimensPipe Groove Weldment .385.4 Location of Bend SpecimensCombined Pipe Positions 2G and 5G .39xiiFigure Page No.AWS B2.1/B2.1M:20145.5 Location o
47、f Bend Specimens for Box Tube405.6 Location of Transverse Bend SpecimensPlate Groove Weldment405.7 Location of Longitudinal Bend SpecimensPlate Groove Test Weldment.415.8 Location of Fillet Test SpecimensPlate.415.9 Location of Fillet Test SpecimensAlternate WeldmentPlate 425.10 Location of Fillet T
48、est SpecimensPipe .425.11 Location of Fillet Test SpecimensAlternate WeldPipe .435.12 Location of Cladding SpecimensPlate435.13 Location of Test SpecimenHardfacing Test WeldmentPlate.44A.1A Welding Test PositionsGroove, Cladding, and Hardfacing Welds53A.1B Limits of Welding PositionsGroove, Cladding
49、, and Hardfacing Welds .54A.1C Welding Test PositionsFillet Welds 55A.1D Limits of Welding PositionsFillet Welds 56A.1E Welding PositionsStud Welds .57A.2A Transverse Face and Root Bend Specimens .58A.2B Longitudinal Face and Root Bend Specimens59A.2C Transverse Side Bend Specimens .59A.3A Reduced Section Tension SpecimenRectangular60A.3B Reduced Section Tension SpecimenRound 61A.3C Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 3 in 76 mm O.D. or Less61A.3D Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 2 in 51 mm O.D. or Less62A.4A Weld Cladding Side Bend Specimen
