1、Specification forWelding Procedureand PerformanceQualification forThermoplasticsAWS B2.4:2012An American National StandardAWS B2.4:2012An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteApril 10, 2012Specification for Welding Procedure andPerformance Qualification for T
2、hermoplastics2nd EditionSupersedes AWS B2.4:2006Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Welding QualificationUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the requirements for qualification o
3、f welding procedure specifications, welders, and weldingoperators for manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, and automatic welding. The welding processes included are electro-fusion, hot gas, socket fusion, butt contact fusion, infrared, extrusion welding, flow fusion welding, and solvent cementwelding.
4、 Base materials, filler materials, qualification variables, and testing requirements are also included.iiAWS B2.4:2012International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-811-2American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the
5、United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items f
6、or internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel:
7、(978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS B2.4:2012Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in ac
8、cordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry
9、the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract o
10、r other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development proces
11、s that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or
12、the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceo
13、n this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undert
14、aking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassume
15、d that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publicationof amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publicati
16、on of addenda. Information on the latest editions ofAWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement
17、 of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce
18、compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this stand
19、ard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex C).With regard to technical
20、 inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals givin
21、g them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision a
22、t any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and sh
23、ould be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Quali-fication and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Wel
24、ding Qualification to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of theTechnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W.LeJeune Road,
25、Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS B2.4:2012vAWS B2.4:2012PersonnelAWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationJ. J. Fluckiger, Chair Idaho National LaboratoryJ. L. Cooley, 1st Vice Chair J. C. and Associates, IncorporatedE. W. Beckman, 2nd Vice Chair International
26、 Training InstituteA. Diaz, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. M. Allbritten GE Equipment ServicesRailL. P. Connor ConsultantD. W. Craig Computer Engineering, IncorporatedW. D. Doty Doty and Associates, IncorporatedE. H. Gray U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionB. J. Hable Ford Motor CompanyM. Herrl
27、e Arise, IncorporatedK. G. Kofford Idaho National LaboratoryR. A. LaFave ConsultantK. Y. Lee U.S. Department of TransportationG. S. Michels Summit ConsultingA. S. Olivares HSB Global StandardsJ. F. Pike NASA Langley Research CenterW. M. Ruof Bechtel Plant Machinery, IncorporatedJ. J. Sekely Welding
28、Services, IncorporatedM. R. Stone Canadian Welding BureauG. M. Wisbrock, Jr. ConsultantR. K. Wiswesser Welder Training and Testing InstituteAdvisors to the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationW. L. Ballis ConsultantJ. D. Duncan ConsultantN. K. Kanaya BEAR Testing LaboratoryB.
29、B. MacDonald ConsultantA. W. Sindel Alstom Power Thermal SystemsC. E. Speader, Jr. ConsultantW. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering ServicesR. F. Waite ConsultantAWS B2F Subcommittee on Plastic Welding QualificationL. T. Hutton, Chair ARKEMA IncorporatedJ. Leary, 1st Vice Chair Widos WeldingG. Hopkins, 2nd
30、 Vice Chair Plastek WerksS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding SocietyK. Argasinski Solvay Solexis IncorporatedR. Basile AB PlasticsM. Callahan United Association Local 290D. Chandler Engiplast IncorporatedviAWS B2.4:2012J. Craig McElroy Manufacturing, IncorporatedP. Demchko Solvay Solexis Incor
31、poratedJ. J. Fluckiger Idaho National LaboratoryS. M Gardiner IPS CorporationD. P. Glavin United Association Local 449B. B. MacDonald ConsultantP. F. Martin United AssociationG. Sample Georg FischerJ. Sciadini Tech South, IncorporatedK. C. Thomas Quadrant EPPM. J. Troughton TWID. Ziegler Wegener Wel
32、ding LLCP. Zitkus Wegener Welding LLCAdvisors to the AWS B2F Subcommittee on Plastic Welding QualificationJ. Hessel Hessel Ingenieurtechnik GmbHR. James International Training InstituteA. Lopez Dow ChemicalJ. J. Sekely Welding Services, IncorporatedG. M. Wisbrock, Jr. Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fi
33、re ControlAWS B2F Subcommittee on Plastic Welding Qualification (Continued)viiAWS B2.4:2012ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS B2.4:2012, Specification for Welding Procedure and PerformanceQualification for Thermoplastics, but is included for informational purposes only.This specification provi
34、des requirements for welding procedure and welding performance qualification. It is the intentthat this specification be referenced by other documents, such as codes, standards, specifications, and contracts. Thisspecification defines and establishes qualification variables. The criterion for determ
35、ining if a welding condition is a pro-cedure qualification variable is whether or not a change in that condition beyond the allowable tolerance affects the prop-erties of a sound weld to the extent that the properties may not meet the specified minimum. Qualification requirementsare based on the pre
36、mise that the referencing document will specify fabrication, design, base material, filler material,preheat, interpass temperature, nondestructive examination, and test requirements applicable to the product. Weldingprocedure and performance qualifications which meet the requirements of other docume
37、nts are acceptable, providedthey also meet the requirements of this specification. This revision is the second edition of Specification for Welding Pro-cedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastics and supersedes the edition published in 2006. The majorchange from the first edition is the
38、inclusion of the solvent cement welding process. Revisions are identified by a verticalline in the margin next to the text. The matrices in 4.7 and 4.8 were changed to reflect the changes in the listing of ther-moplastic welding processes in 1.1. Changes were also made to Tables 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, and 5
39、.3. Table 4.6 was renumberedas Table 4.7, and a new Table 4.6 was added. Tables A.1 and A.2 in Annex A were changed and a new Annex B with newPQTR and WPS samples was added. Figures 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, and 4.19 were changed.Welding Procedure QualificationThe purpose of a welding procedure qualification i
40、s to provide test data for assessing the properties of a welded joint.The proof of production weld soundness is determined by the type and extent of testing and examination applied to theproduction product. Product acceptance criteria must be detailed in the referencing document. This specification
41、alsoprovides for welding procedure qualification of special test weldment/coupons by performing tests simulating serviceconditions, which may include impact loading, flexural loading, static loading, or cyclic loading. The details of testingand examination of special test weldment/coupons shall be s
42、pecified by the referencing document.Welding Performance QualificationThe purpose of welder qualification testing is to determine the ability of welders of make sound welds and the ability ofwelding operators to operate the welding equipment. Performance qualification for welders and welding operato
43、r shallbe determined by mechanical testing and visual examination of weldment/coupons.MaterialsBase materials and filler materials have been grouped into categories that will minimize the number of performancequalification tests required. Substitution of one base material or filler material for anot
44、her, even when within the allow-able rules, should only be made after an evaluation of the factors involved. For some materials, additional tests may berequired. Materials not listed require separate qualification.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcomed. They shoul
45、d be sent to the Secretary,AWS B2 Committee on Welding Qualification, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS B2.4:2012ixAWS B2.4:2012Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.xList of Figures.x1. Scope and Genera
46、l Provisions .11.1 Scope11.2 Responsibilities 11.3 Effective Date.11.4 Safety .22. Normative References 23. Terms and Definitions 34. Procedure Qualification .64.1 General .64.2 Welding Procedures Qualified by Employers 64.3 Evaluation of Test Weldment/Coupons74.4 Qualification Thickness Limitations
47、74.5 Special Test Weldment/Coupon Acceptance Criteria 94.6 Test Weldment/Coupons and Test Evaluation94.7 Welding Procedure Specification Data 234.8 Procedure Qualification Variables255. Performance Qualification.265.1 General .265.2 Qualification by Standard Test.285.3 Test Weldment/Coupons 285.4 Ex
48、amination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria.295.5 Performance Qualification Variables .306. Examination Structure.316.1 Examination Basis Documents 316.2 Examination Structure31Annex A (Informative)Recommended Hot Gas Welding Conditions33Annex B (Informative)Sample PQTR and WPS 35Annex C (Informati
49、ve)Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries.43xAWS B2.4:2012List of TablesTable Page No.4.1 Test Methods Required for Procedure Qualification .74.2 Thickness Limitations for Procedure Qualification .74.3 Minimum Short Term Weld Factors.84.4 Dimensions of Test Arrangement and Test Specimens84.5 Ram Displacement Corresponding to Bend Angle of 160in “No Failure” for Calculation ofthe Mean Value.84.6 Cross-Head Speeds for Some Thermoplastics .124.7 Symbols and Designations .225.1 Testing Requirements for Performance Qualification285.2 Pipe Group Qualification .285.3 Base Material f
