1、Specification for Torch BrazingAWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016An American National StandardAWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteDecember 15, 2015Specification forTorch Brazing4th EditionSupersedes AWS C3.4M/C3.4:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding S
2、ociety (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction ofthe AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved bythe AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification presents the minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure requirements, as well as inspec-tion requirements for the t
3、orch brazing of steels, stainless steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- or corrosion-resistantalloys and other materials that can be adequately torch brazed (the torch brazing of aluminum alloys is addressed in AWSC3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing). This specification provides criter
4、ia for classifying torch brazed jointsbased on loading and the consequences of failure and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptability in eachclass. The specification defines acceptable torch brazing equipment, materials, and procedures as well as the requiredinspection for each
5、class of joint.ISBN: 978-0-87171-874-7 2016 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
6、 otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that t
7、he appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .AWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016iiStatement on Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and g
8、uides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in fede
9、ral or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part
10、of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the cont
11、racting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the deve
12、lopment of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indir
13、ect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance onthis standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither
14、 undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of
15、 a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users s
16、hould ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent
17、or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are
18、 postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing
19、Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not con
20、stitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are inf
21、ormal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations
22、, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing andSoldering and the author of the comments will be informed of
23、the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of theTechnical Activ
24、ities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016iiiAWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016ivThis page is intentionally blank.PersonnelAWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingR. W. Smith, Chair S-Bond TechnologiesG. L. Alex
25、y, 1stVice Chair Alexy MetalsC. M. Volpe, 2ndVice Chair Senior Aerospace Metal Bellows DivisionJ. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. J. Bassindale Woodward, IncorporatedD. E. Budinger General Electric AviationJ. A. Bush The Prince therefore, a series of five independent specifications
26、 on brazing have been written, all in the same format. These are thepresent document, AWS C3.4M/C3.4, Specification for Torch Brazing; AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for InductionBrazing; AWS C3.6M/C3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing; AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing;and AWS C3.
27、9M/C3.9, Specification for Resistance Brazing.The decision to subdivide the technology in this way was based on a survey of production brazing applications conductedby the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. The survey demonstrated that these five specifications wouldcover the vast majority o
28、f brazing performed today.There is not a direct conversion of the MIL-B-7883 Grades and the AWS Classes and the quality assurance requirementsdiffer. The cancellation of MIL-B-7883 was not intended to add additional inspection requirements to legacy hardware(i.e., MIL-B-7883 Grade B with only extern
29、al inspection was not intended to become AWS Class B with internal NDTrequirements). Each Organization Having Quality Responsibility must provide instructions on how or if the cancellationis to be handled for their hardware.After the completion of the brazing specifications, it was determined that a
30、 document providing specific criteria andrequirements for the application of ultrasonic testing to brazed joints was needed. Therefore, AWS C3.8M/C3.8,Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints, was written to complement this series.This fourth edition supersedes AWS C3
31、.4M/C3.4:2007, bearing the same title. Revisions made to this edition were coor-dinated with changes in AWS C3.5M/C3.5 and AWS C3.6M/C3.6, incorporating many of the improvements in the 2011edition of AWS C3.7M/C3.7, and coordinating the wording between the three documents. Revisions were made throug
32、h-out the document.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016ixAWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016xThis page is intention
33、ally blank.Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Safety. . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . 22. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Classification of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Method of Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Class A Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Class B Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 Class C Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 No Class Specified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. Process Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Process Description . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Material
43、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Procedure Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . 55.5 Brazing Procedure Specification (BPS) Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 Safety and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . 76. Quality Assurance Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 Responsibility for Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Requirements for Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 Inspection Personnel Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 Sequence of Inspection and Manufacturing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 Required Inspection of Brazed Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . 86.6 Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.7 Process Completion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Annex A (Informative)Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13List of AWS Documents on Brazing and Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15AWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016xiAWS C3.4M/C3.4:2016xiiThis page is intentionally blank.AWS C3.4M/C3.4:20161Specification for Torch Brazing1
