1、AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015BridgeWelding Code A Joint Publication ofAn American National StandardAmerican Associationof State Highway andTransportation OfficialsAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteNovember 3, 2015Bridge Welding Co
2、de7th EditionSupersedes AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2010Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural WeldingAASHTO Highway Subcommittee on Bridges and StructuresUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeAASHTO Executive CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of Dir
3、ectorsAASHTO Board of Directors/Policy CommitteeAbstractThis code covers the welding requirements for AASHTO welded highway bridges made from carbon and low-alloyconstructional steels. This 2015 edition contains dimensions in metric SI Units and U.S. Customary Units. Clauses 1through 7 constitute a
4、body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel construction. The provisions for Clause 9 havebeen distributed throughout the D1.5 code. Clauses 8, 10, and 11 do not contain provisions, as their analogue D1.1 sec-tions are not applicable to the D1.5 code. Clause 12 contains the requirements for
5、 fabricating fracture critical members.A Joint Publication of:American Association of State American Welding SocietyHighway and Transportation Officials 8669 NW 36 St, # 130444 N. Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 225 Miami, FL 33166Washington, DC 20001iiAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015ISBN: 978-0-87171-865-5 2
6、015 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written pe
7、rmission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyrig
8、ht Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding
9、Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulati
10、ons, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS stan-dards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of thoselaws and regulations
11、. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document thatinvokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of anAWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American N
12、ational Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the pro-cess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does no
13、t independently test, evaluate,or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory,
14、 directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professiona
15、l or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in deter
16、mining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected throug
17、h publica-tion of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWSstandards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and a
18、ddenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the
19、 use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS Webpage (www.aws.org).Official inte
20、rpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St,
21、# 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex R).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent o
22、nly the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an o
23、fficial interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that ma
24、y be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on StructuralWelding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited
25、to attend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Pro-cedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of theTechnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from
26、the American Welding Society, 8669 NW36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015vAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015PersonnelAWS D1 Committee on Structural WeldingA. W. Sindel, Chair Alstom Power Steam, IncorporatedT. L. Niemann, Vice Chair Minnesota Department
27、 of TransportationR. D. Medlock, 2nd Vice CHair High Steel Structures, LLCJ. Molin, Secretary American Welding SocietyF. G. Armao The Lincoln Electric CompanyE. L. Bickford Acute Technological ServicesT. W. Burns AlcoTec Wire CorporationH. H. Campbell III Pazazu EngineeringR. D. Campbell Bechtel Nat
28、ional, IncorporatedR. B. Corbit Chicago Bridge it was note f in the 2010 edition.3.5.6.1 Modified to clarify how variation from flatness is measured.3.5.1.7 Revised to include directions on how to measure combined warpage and tilt of flange.3.6 Reorganized for clarification and now includes new subc
29、lauses on fillet welds, groove welds, re-moval of weld reinforcement, and surface finish.3.6.2 Revised to clarify weld reinforcement and associated ground flush requirements.Figure 3.3 Created to show flange offset for tube girders.4.1.3 Revised consumable requirements to establish two approaches -
30、manufacturer quality assuranceand heat or lot testing.4.1.4 Revised and reorganized for the clarification of consumable certifications.4.2.7 Expanded with two new subclauses on the extent of preheat and interpass.4.10 and 4.11 Consolidated into new subclause 4.10.Table 4.1 Test requirements were ext
31、racted and placed as new Table 5.1.Clause 5 Revised the heat input qualification by broadening voltage limits and adding a new amperagelimit table; for the production qualification method, removed prequalification-based restrictionsin lieu of variable qualified by test; and removed the groove weld r
32、equirement for qualificationof single-pass fillet weld procedures.5.3 Removed expiry limits for nonfracture critical PQRs.Table 5.1 Content extracted from Table 4.1 in the 2010 edition.Table 5.4 Modified to include qualification requirements with Figure 5.8 with the exception of EGW.Table 5.10 Creat
33、ed to indicate the amperage limits for heat input welding procedure qualification.Figure 5.8 Modified to include dihedral angle.xiAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015Commentary. The Commentary is nonmandatory and is intended only to provide insightful information into provisionrationale.Normative Annexes. The
34、se annexes address specific subjects in the code and their requirements are mandatory require-ments that supplement the code provisions.Informative Annexes. These annexes are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code provisions by showingexamples, providing information, or suggesting al
35、ternative good practices.Index. As in previous codes, the entries in the Index are referred to by subclause number rather than by page number.This should enable the user of the Index to locate a particular item of interest in minimum time.Errata. It is the Structural Welding Committees Policy that a
36、ll errata should be made available to users of the code.Therefore, any significant errata will be published in the Society News Section of the Welding Journal and posted on theAWS web site at: http:/www.aws.org/technical/d1/.Suggestions. Your comments for improving AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015, Bridge Weldin
37、g Code are welcome. Submitcomments to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130,Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353; fax (305) 443-5951; e-mail infoaws.org; or via the AWS web site.6.7.6.2 Revised to include pulsed DC.6.7.8 Created to in
38、troduce phased array ultrasonic testing.12.6.1 (Heat or Lot Testing) was deleted.12.7.4 Revised to indicate no limits to the period of effectiveness for fillet weld soundness test and in-crease the period of effectiveness for PQRs from 36 months to 60 months.Annex K New annex that addresses phased a
39、rray ultrasonic testing.C-12.6.1.1 Deleted.C-12.7.3 Deleted.C-Annex K New commentary added for Annex K.Global “Chemistry” replaced with “Chemical composition.”Global “Grade 100“ replaced with “HPS 100W.”Summary of Changes (Continued)Clause/Table/Figure/Annex ModificationThis page is intentionally bl
40、ank.xiiAASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015xiiiTable of ContentsPage No.AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2015Personnel vForewordixList of Tables. xviiiList of Figures.xxList of Forms.xxii1. General Provisions 11.1 Application11.2 Base Metal 11.3 Welding Processes 21.4 Fabricator Requirements.21.5 Definitions.21.6 Weldin
41、g Symbols 21.7 Safety Precautions.31.8 Standard Units of Measurement .31.9 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs).31.10 Mechanical Testing .31.11 Reference Documents .32. Design of Welded Connections.5Part AGeneral Requirements 52.1 Drawings.52.2 Basic Unit Stresses62.3 Effective Weld Areas, Length
42、s, Throats, and Sizes 6Part BStructural Details 62.4 General62.5 Welded Filler Plates 62.6 PJP Groove Welds.7Part CDetails of Welded Joints .72.7 Joint Qualification.72.8 Details of Fillet Welds 72.9 Details of Plug and Slot Welds .72.10 Lap Joints82.11 Corner and T-Joints.82.12 CJP Groove Welds 82.
43、13 PJP Groove Welds.82.14 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds .92.15 Combinations of Welds.92.16 Welds in Combination with Rivets and Bolts .92.17 Connection Details93. Workmanship 513.1 General Requirements.513.2 Preparation of Base Metal.513.3 Assembly 54xivPage No.AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:20153.4 C
44、ontrol of Distortion and Shrinkage.563.5 Dimensional Tolerances563.6 Weld Profiles.583.7 Repairs 593.8 Peening603.9 Caulking603.10 Arc Strikes 603.11 Weld Cleaning.603.12 Weld Termination603.13 Weld Backing614. Technique.67Part AGeneral Requirements 674.1 Filler Metal Requirements 674.2 Preheat and
45、Interpass Temperature Requirements684.3 Heat Input Control for Grade HPS 690W HPS 100W Steel694.4 Stress Relief Heat Treatment 70Part BShielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW).704.5 Electrodes for SMAW.704.6 Procedures for SMAW71Part CSubmerged Arc Welding (SAW).714.7 General Requirements.714.8 Electrodes
46、and Fluxes for SAW 724.9 Procedures for SAW with a Single Electrode .724.10 Procedures for SAW with Parallel and Multiple Electrodes.73Part DGas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)734.11 Electrodes734.12 Shielding Gas744.13 Procedures for GMAW and FCAW with a Single Electrode7
47、4Part EElectrogas Welding (EGW).744.14 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details .744.15 Condition of Electrodes and Guide Tubes 754.16 Shielding Gas754.17 Procedures for EGW.75Part FElectroslag Welding (ESW) 754.18 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details .754.19 Condition of Elect
48、rodes and Consumable Guides 764.20 Condition of Flux764.21 Consumable Guide Electrical Insulators.764.22 Procedures for ESW76Part GPlug and Slot Welds774.23 Plug Welds 774.24 Slot Welds .784.25 Plug and Slot Welds 78Part HControl of Production Welding Variables.784.26 Tests 784.27 Control of Variabl
49、es 784.28 Calibration of Equipment784.29 Current Control .78xvPage No.AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:20155. Qualification 855.0 Scope.85Part AWelding Procedure Specification (WPS) Qualification855.1 Approval855.2 Qualification Responsibility .855.3 Duration 855.4 Base Metal 855.5 Welding Consumables 875.6 Test Plate Thickness875.7 General Requirements for WPS Qualification875.8 Position of Test Welds.885.9 Options for WPS Qualification or Prequalification 895.10 Fillet Weld WPS Qualification .895.11 Prequalified WPS895.12 Heat Input Qualifications895.13 Electrogas Welding .915.14 Ele
