1、AWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1Specificationfor Welding ofIndustrial and MillCranes and OtherMaterial HandlingEquipmentsecond printing, August 2017AWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1Approved byAmerican National Standards InstituteFebruary 24, 2005Amendment: June 22, 2017Specification forWelding of Industrial andM
2、ill Cranes and OtherMaterial Handling Equipment4th EditionSupersedes ANSI/AWS D14.1-97Prepared byAWS D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentUnder the Direction ofAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved byAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractRequirements are presented for the design and fabrication of c
3、onstructional steel weldments that are used in industrialand mill cranes, lifting devices and other material handling equipment. Requirements are also included for modification,weld repair, and postweld treatments of new and existing weldments. Filler metal and welding procedure guidelines arerecomm
4、ended for the applicable base metals, which are limited to carbon and low-alloy steels. Allowable unit stressesare provided for weld metal and base metal for various cyclically loaded joint designs.Key WordsCranes, industrial cranes, lifting devices, material handling equipment, mill cranesiiAWS D14
5、.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1ISBN: 0-87171-736-0 2005 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inany form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
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7、he appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .iiiAWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifica
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23、tion by the AWS D14 Committee onMachinery and Equipment and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the com-ments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment to expresstheir comments verbally. Procedures for appeal
24、of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1
25、vAWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1Personnel (Amendment)AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentJ. E. Campbell, Chair Machinery Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds 4615 Acceptable Reinforcement on Groove Welds in Pipe and Tubing5516 SMAW Electrode Groups5517 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Ran
26、ge of Thickness QualifiedWelder andWelding Operator Qualification 5718 Welder QualificationType and Position Limitations .5819 Penetrameter Requirements.8120 Ultrasonic Testing Angle.8921 Ultrasonic Acceptance and Rejection Criteria 91xviiiAWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Il
27、lustrative Examples for Table 4 132 Fillet and Combined Weld Dimension 153 Size and Effective Throat Measurements for Fillet and Partial Penetration Groove Weldswith Reinforcing Fillet Welds .164 Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld 175 Classification of Welded Joints .186 Transition of Butt Joints in
28、 Parts Having Unequal Thickness 217 Transition of Width at Butt Joints of Parts Having Unequal Width228 Edge Discontinuities in Cut Material259 Pneumatic Hammer Peening .2910 Unacceptable Submerged Arc Weld Pass where the Depth and Width Exceed the Face Width.3211 Positions of Test Plates for Groove
29、 Welds 4312 Positions of Test Pipe or Tubing for Groove Welds 4413 Positions of Test Plates for Fillet Welds4514A Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test Pipe 2 in. 50 mm or 3 in. 75 mm in Diameter 4714B Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test Pipe 6 in. 150 mm or 8 in. 200 mm in Diameter 4714C
30、Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test PlateElectroslag and Electrogas WeldingProcedure Qualification.4814D Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test Plate Over 3/8 in. 10 mm ThickProcedureQualification4914E Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test Plate 3/8 in. 10 mm Thick and UnderProcedure Qu
31、alification.5015A Reduced-Section Tension Specimens5115B All-Weld-Metal Tension Specimens .5215C Face- and Root-Bend Specimens 5315D Side-Bend Specimens5416 Fillet Weld Soundness Test for Procedure Qualification 5417A Test Plate for Unlimited ThicknessWelder Qualification5917B Optional Test Plate fo
32、r Unlimited Thickness, Horizontal PositionWelder Qualification .5918A Test Plate for Limited Thickness, All PositionsWelder Qualification 6018B Optional Test Plate for Limited Thickness, Horizontal PositionWelder Qualification .6019A Pipe Test Butt Joint without BackingWelder Qualification 6119B Pip
33、e Test Butt Joint with BackingWelder Qualification6120 Test Joint for T-, Y-, and K-Connections on Pipe or TubingWelder Qualification .6121 Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test PipeWelder Qualification .6222 Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test PlateWelder Qualification, Option 1 .6323 Fillet W
34、eld Root-Bend Test PlateWelder Qualification, Option 2 6424A Guided-Bend Test JigStandard Design .6624B Alternative Guided-Bend Test JigWraparound Design.6724C Alternative Guided-Bend Test JigRoller-Equipped Design for Bottom Ejection of Test Specimens .6825 Examples of Workmanship Samples.6926 Test
35、 Plate for Unlimited ThicknessWelding Operator Qualification 7127 Butt Joint for Electroslag and ElectrogasWelding Operator Qualification .7228 Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test PlateWelding Operator Qualification, Option 1 7329 Fillet Weld Root-Bend Test PlateWelding Operator Qualification, Opti
36、on 2 .74xixFigure Page No.AWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD130 Fillet Weld Break SpecimenTack Welder Qualification7631 Method of Fracturing Fillet Weld Break SpecimenTack Welder Qualification 7632 Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles.7933 Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuities Occurring in Welds
37、 (Limitation of Porosity andFusion-Type Discontinuities) 8234A RC Resolution Reference Block (U.S. Units).8434B RC Resolution Reference Block (SI Units).8534C Typical Transducer Positions 8635 Plan View of UT Scanning Patterns 88I.1 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welded Joints.95I.2
38、Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welded Joints109A.1 Sample Form E1, Front .120A.2 Sample Form E1, Back121A.3 Sample Form E2122A.4 Sample Form E3123A.5 Sample Form E4124A.6 Sample Form E5125A.7 Sample Form E6126A.8 Sample Form E7128B.1 Examples of Weld Quality Requirements .129This page
39、 is intentionally blank.xxAWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD1AWS D14.1/D14.1M:2005-AMD111. Scope and General Provisions1.1 Scope. This specification applies to the welding of allprincipal structural weldments and all primary weldsused in the manufacture of cranes for industrial, mill,power house, and nuclear
40、 facilities. Furthermore, thespecification applies to other overhead material handlingmachinery and equipment that support and transportloads within the design rating, vertically or horizontally,during normal operations, and, when agreed uponbetween the Owner and Manufacturer, to loading causedby ab
41、normal operations or environmental events, such asseismic loading.Secondary welds that will be subjected to tensilestresses of less than 5000 psi 34.5 MPa need only meetthe requirements of Section 7, Workmanship, and Sec-tion 10, Weld Quality and Inspection. The engineeringdrawings shall specify the
42、 joint detail, type, and size ofweld. This specification is not intended for application toconstruction- or crawler-type cranes. For the welding ofrails, refer to AWS D15.2, Recommended Practice forthe Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components forUse by Rail Vehicles.All provisions of this specif
43、ication are equally appli-cable to the strengthening and repairing of existingoverhead cranes and material handling equipment asdescribed above.This specification makes use of both U.S. CustomaryUnits and the International System of Units (SI). Themeasurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore
44、each system shall be used independently of the otherwithout combining in any way. The specification withthe designation D14.1 uses U.S. Customary Units. Thespecification D14.1M uses SI Units. The latter are shownin appropriate columns in tables and figures or withinbrackets . Detailed dimensions on
45、figures are in inches.A separate tabular form that relates the U.S. CustomaryUnits with SI Units may be used in tables and figures.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond thescope of this standard, and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Safety and health information is avail-able from
46、 other sources, including, but not limited to,ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Pro-cesses and applicable federal and state regulations. Someother sources of safety and health information can befound in Annex D.1.2 General Provisions. The Manufacturers1adherenceto this specification
47、 shall include responsibility for thefollowing:(1) Welding, as defined in the Scope, in accordancewith this specification;(2) Producing the welds designated on the drawingsby appropriate welding symbols and notes containingsufficient detail to show joint preparations compatiblewith the designated we
48、lding processes;(3) Providing written welding procedures;(4) Recording results of all procedure and welderqualification tests;(5) Controlling the use of designated base metals andconsumables; and(6) Inspecting the welds to the requirements of thisspecification.1.2.1 Acceptance. Acceptance shall be a
49、s agreedupon between the Manufacturer and the Owner (pur-chaser). The fundamental premise of this specification isto provide general stipulations applicable to most situa-tions. Acceptance criteria for production welds differentfrom those stated in this specification may be used for aparticular application, provided they are suitably docu-mented by the proposer and approved by the Engineer.These alternate acceptance criteria can be based uponevaluation of suitability for service using past experi-ence, experimental evidence or engineering analysisc
