1、AWS G1.10M: 2016An American National StandardGuide for the Evaluation of Thermoplastic WeldsAWS G1.10M: 2016 An American National StandardApproved by American National Standards Institute April 21, 2016Guide for the Evaluation of Thermoplastic Welds2nd EditionSupersedes AWS G1.10M:2016Prepared by th
2、e American Welding Society (AWS) G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and CompositesUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard lists and describes flaws and defects in hot gas, hot gas extrusion, heated tool butt fusion, socket
3、 fusion, electrofusion, and flow fusion welded joints in thermoplastics. Its intent is to make possible a generally valid evaluation giving consideration to graded quality requirements. This standard encompasses the classification, requirements, testing, evaluation, and acceptance of the welds. Deta
4、ils in recording engineering data are described. Tables illustrating cracks, voids, solid inclusions, lack of fusion, flaws and defects of shape, and other flaws and defects in thermoplastic welds are included. Flaw and defect features with descriptions and illustrations are compiled into tables to
5、aid in the evaluation of welds.iiAWS G1.10M: 2016ISBN: 978-0-87171-884-62016 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mecha
6、nical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the Amer
7、ican Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .iiiAWS G1.10M: 2016Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended prac
8、tices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made par
9、t of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory ju
10、risdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan
11、dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establish
12、es rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any na
13、ture whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and makin
14、g this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent jud
15、gment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superse
16、ded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ens
17、ure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda. Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the
18、infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by
19、 sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex M). With regard to technical inquiries made concernin
20、g AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individua
21、ls do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AW
22、S G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should
23、be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS G1 Committ
24、ee on Joining of Plastics and Composites to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society
25、, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.ivAWS G1.10M: 2016This page is intentionally blank.vAWS G1.10M: 2016PersonnelG1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and CompositesL. T. Hutton, Chair ARKEMA IncorporatedD. Ziegler, 1st Vice Chair Wegener Welding LLCS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding Societ
26、yJ. L. Frantz Branson Ultrasonics Corp.B. E. Gourley Sonics features, descriptions, evaluation, was used extensively in the creation of this standard. This is the second edition of this specification. The title of the document was changed and editorial changes were made to the Scope (Clause 1). Weld
27、 flaws and defects for socket fusion, electrofusion, and flow fusion are new to this edition.SUGGESTIONSComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites, American Welding Society, 8669
28、NW 36 Street #130, Miami, FL 33166.viiiAWS G1.10M: 2016This page is intentionally blank.ixAWS G1.10M: 2016Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel .vForeword . vii1. Scope, Purpose, and Range of Application . 12. Referenced Documents 23. Definitions . 24. Evaluation Groups . 35. Requirements for Welded Jo
29、ints . 46. Details in Engineering Data . 47. Testing and Evaluation . 58. Acceptance 5Annex A (Normative)Cracks 7Annex B (Normative)Voids 9Annex C (Normative)Solid Inclusions . 11Annex D (Normative)Lack of Fusion . 13Annex E (Normative)Flaws of Shape . 15Annex F (Normative)Other Flaws 17Annex G (Nor
30、mative)Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Fan and Speed Welds . 19Annex H (Normative)Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Extrusion Welds 27Annex I (Normative)Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Heated Tool Butt Fusion Welds . 33Annex J (Normative)Accept
31、ance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Heated Tool Socket Welds . 37Annex K (Normative)Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Electrofusion Welds . 41Annex L (Normative)Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Groups for Flow Fusion Welds . 47Annex M (Informative)Requesting an Official Interpretat
32、ion on an AWS Standard . 49xAWS G1.10M: 2016This page is intentionally blank.1AWS G1.10M: 2016Guide for the Evaluation of Thermoplastic Welds1. Scope, Purpose, and Range of Application1.1 These guidelines list and describe defects and flaws in welded joints in thermoplastic materials. The objective
33、is to make possible a generally valid evaluation giving con sideration to graded quality requirements. This guide is meant to aid those responsible for the evaluation of thermoplastic welds. The final determination of what is an acceptable weld should be the responsibility of the engineer, owner or
34、user.1.2 By classification into one of the evaluation groups in 4.1, specific flaws may be excluded or kept within limits when welded joints are produced.1.3 The application of these guidelines and the measures through which they can be met should be included in con tractual specification or form pa
35、rt of the generally recog nized specifications.1.4 Welding Processes. Defects and flaws produced by the follow ing welding processes are addressed. This guide applies to the following processes:Abbreviation AnnexHot Gas Welding (HGW)Fan Welding (HF) GSpeed Welding (HS) GExtrusion Welding (EX) HHeate
36、d Tool Butt Fusion Welding (HT) ISocket Fusion Welding (SFW) JElectrofusion Welding (EFW) KFlow Fusion Welding (FFW) L1.5 Materials. These guidelines apply to welded joints on components and systems made from the engineering thermoplastics listed below:Table 1.1 Base Materials Abbreviation NamePVC P
37、olyvinyl ChlorideCPVC Chlorinated PolyvinylchloridePP PolypropylenePE PolyethylenePVDF Polyvinylidene FluorideECTFE Ethylene ChlorotrifluoroethyleneETFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene FEP Perfluoro (ethylene propylene) PFA PerfluoroalkoxyABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene2AWS G1.10M: 20161.6 The use
38、of these guidelines for welding other thermo plastic materials should be agreed upon between the cus tomer and the fabricator.1.7 This standard makes use of the International System of Units (SI).1.8 Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not ad
39、dressed herein.Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufactu
40、rers:(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipm
41、ent that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should b
42、e considered when developing the safety program.2. Referenced DocumentsReference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents:ASTM C 904, Standard Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials1ASTM D 5162 Test Method B, Standard Practice for Discontinuity (Holid
43、ay) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates1AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions2AWS B2.4, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastics2ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes23. DefinitionsThe terms
44、used in this specification are defined in ASTM C 904, Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resis tant Nonmetallic Materials, and AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. Exceptions, within the context of this standard, are listed below with their definitions.back welding. An addition of a secon
45、dary external hot gas or extrusion weld on a socket fusion welded joint, electrofusion welded joint, or solvent cement welded joint.beadless welding. See flow fusion welding.bead-start/stop crack. A crack occurring at the start/stop of a weld due to the thermal characteristics of an over stressed we
46、ld rod. Thermoplastic materials exhibit thermal characteristics that contribute to this condition.defect. A flaw of a size or configuration exceeding the limitations of the applicable acceptance criteria.1Published by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 194
47、28; Phone 610-832-9500 (website: www.astm.org) 2Published by the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 Street #130, Miami, FL 33166; Phone 800-443-9353; (website: www.aws.org).3AWS G1.10M: 2016electrofusion welding (EFW). A thermoplastic welding process where the heat for welding is provided by energ
48、izing an electrically resistive coil in the weld zone.extrusion welding (EX). A joining process in which molten thermoplastic material is forced against preheated workpieces to produce the weld.fan welding (HF). A hot gas welding method where the weld rod is fed into the joint without the aid of a w
49、elding nozzle; the pressure is applied directly to the welding rod by the welder.flaw. An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as lack of homogeneity in its structure or physical characteristics. A flaw is not necessarily a defect.flow fusion welding. A variety of beadless welding techniques in which resultant joints are free from internal and external beads and crevices. The primary method of beadless welding involves careful diffusion of heat through the external surfaces while maintaining internal support of material as it becomes molten. The
