1、AWWA Standard SM Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Systems for Water Treatment Effective date: May 1, 2016. This first edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 16, 2016. Approved by American National Standards Institute Dec. 25, 2015. ANSI/AWWA B114-16 (First Edition) Copyright 2016 America
2、n Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained i
3、n specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or produ
4、ct type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consen
5、sus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Works Association. The action becomes ef
6、fective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National
7、Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products
8、, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsibilit
9、y in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANS
10、I approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive curren
11、t information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-154-5 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-377-0DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.
12、B114.16 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the
13、 written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2016 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is
14、 illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Subcommittee on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Systems for Water Tr
15、eatment, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of subcommittee approval: Scott Freeman, Chair R.A. Bergman, CH2M, Gainesville, Fla. (AWWA) F.G. Edwards, University of Arkansas, Department of Civil Engineering, Fayetteville, Ark. (AWWA) S. Freeman, Black D
16、4472-08, Standard Guide for Recordkeeping for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Systems; and D4516-00, Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data. Regulatory concerns may or may not be the primary drivers for the use of RO/ NF membranes by a municipality, but in all cases
17、the regulations must be assessed for applicability. At present, US federal drinking water standards covering RO/NF membrane treatment deal mainly with how much removal credit can be received from their use as a microbial barrier. Other regulatory requirements may also apply, such as acceptable water
18、 contact materials, meeting the primary and secondary contaminant levels in the finished water, frequency of monitoring certain performance parameters, staffing, and isolation during clean-in-place (CIP) (e.g., possible requirements for iso- lating block and bleed valves). This standard is intended
19、to aid in the selection and procurement of RO and NF systems and in the regulatory permitting process. This standard should be considered as a list of minimum requirements for planning, procurement, selection, construction, and commissioning of an RO or NF treatment system. However, its proper appli
20、cation requires it be coupled with a thorough professional review of the specific water treat- ment case and site-specific conditions. This first edition of this new standard ANSI/AWWA B114-16Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Systems for Water Treatment, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors
21、on Jan. 16, 2016. The standard was approved and promulgated in the course of the activities of the AWWA Standards Committee on Membrane Standards. In 2010, the decision was made by the AWWA Standards Council to partition ANSI/AWWA B110-09Membrane Systems (first edition) into three standards that cov
22、er specific membrane technologies. The AWWA Standards Council then assigned the task of development of three separate standards to the AWWA Standards Commit- tee on Membrane Standards. This standard, ANSI/AWWA B114-16Reverse Osmo- sis and Nanofiltration Systems for Water Treatment, is one of the thr
23、ee standards that were developed. A guide to the AWWA membrane systems standards is presented in the table on the following page. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF Copyright 2016 American Wat
24、er Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix Guide to AWWA membrane standards and typical membrane characteristics Membrane T ype Applicable AW WA Standard Nominal Pore Size (m) 3-m Particle or Surrogate Organism Removal Virus (MS2 Phage) Removal Typical Molecular Weight Cutoff (daltons) Salt (NaCl
25、) Rejection (%)* Microfiltration (MF) B112-15 0.1 to 0.5 99.9% (3 log) 95% Electrodialysis/ Ion-Exchange Membranes (IEM) B116-15 Not applicable Not applicable: demineralized product does not pass through a membrane barrier Not applicable: demineralized product does not pass through a membrane barrie
26、r Not applicable 45% Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) B130-13 Abbreviations: Less than ; Greater than or equal to ; Approximately ; micron * NF is similar to RO with the key difference being that NF has lower sodium chloride rejection than RO and NF exhibits greater selectivity in the types of ions that a
27、re removed, such that NF allows a comparatively higher percentage of monovalent ions to pass to the permeate than multivalent ions. For NF and RO, rejection is generally based on test conditions for a single element, but there is some variation between membrane manufacturers and membrane models. In
28、general, test conditions tend to vary as follows: (1) feed solutions: 500 to 700 mg/L sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or mixed solute solutions for NF; 1,500 to 2,000 mg/L sodium chloride for brackish water RO membranes; 32,000 to 38,000 mg/L sodium chloride for seawater RO membranes; (2) 25C temperature or corrected to that temperature; (3) 6 to 8 pH; (4) 8 to 20 percent recovery per element. For a description of typical MBR characteristics, please refer to AWWA Standard B-130-13. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
