1、The AuANSI/AWWA B405-06(Revision of ANSI/AWWA B405-00)6666 WDenverT 800.926www.awwCopyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSEffective date: Dec. 1, 2006.First edition approved by AW
2、WA Board of Directors May 15, 1960.This edition approved June 11, 2006.Approved by American National Standards Institute Sept. 28, 2006.Sodium AluminateAdvocacyCommunicationsConferencesEducation and TrainingH17012 Science and Technologyest Quincy Avenue, CO 80235-3098.7337a.orgthoritative Resource o
3、n Safe WaterAWWA StandardSections-,-,-or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertisingsection of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of JournalCopyright American Water Work
4、s Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its member
5、s, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance publichealth and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, elect
6、ronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of briefexcerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2006 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USAAWWA publication of the
7、official notice.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. AnAmerican National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Theexistence of an American N
8、ational Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person hasapproved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proceduresnot conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users a
9、re cautionedto obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard areencouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that thegoods are produced in conformity with particular American Natio
10、nal Standards.CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standardindicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn atany time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to r
11、eaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fiveyears from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on allstandards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York,NY 1
12、0036; (212) 642-4900.AWWA StandardThis document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standardsdescribe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normallycontained in specifications. The AWWA standa
13、rds usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of thestandard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWApublication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify,
14、or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent aconsensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revisesiiCopyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under
15、license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Iron Salts, Aluminum Salts, and Related Coagu-lant Aids (#249), which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnelat the time o
16、f approval:John P. Corless, ChairGene Shull, Vice-ChairGeneral Interest MembersM.B. Alvarez, CH2M Hill, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)K.K. Au, Green & Hansen, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)D.T. Duke, Bloomington, Ind. (AWWA)J.D. Edwards, Burgess & Niple Ltd., Columbus, Ohio (AWWA)J.J. Gemin, Earth Tech (Canada) Inc., K
17、itchener, Ont., Canada (AWWA)P.H. Hargette, Black & Veatch Engineers, Greenville, S.C. (AWWA)R.D. Harriger, Williamsburg, Va. (AWWA)C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, Bridgewater, N.J. (AWWA)C.L. McLain,* Moorhead Public Service, Moorhead, Minn. (AWWA)P.J. Olson,*Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver
18、, Colo. (AWWA)J.W. Patterson, J.W. Patterson Environmental Consultants, Silverthorne, Colo. (AWWA)L.W. VandeVenter, Metcalf & Eddy Inc., Wakefield, Mass. (AWWA)B.H. Wilder, Daytona Beach, Fla. (AWWA)Producer MembersJ.E. Brown, Southern Ionics, Inc., Whitney, Texas (AWWA)J.P. Crass, Eaglebrook Inc.,
19、Ventura, Calif. (AWWA)D.E. Gordon, QC Corporation, Baltimore, Md. (AWWA)L.N. Hjersted,Kemiron Inc., Bartow, Fla. (AWWA)*Liaison, nonvotingAlternateiiiB. Keogh, Dundas, Ont., Canada (AWWA)Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction
20、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-K.E. Ruehl,General Chemical Corporation, Ballwin, Mo. (AWWA)G. Shull, Kemiron Inc., Bacliff, Texas (AWWA)User MembersB.S. Aptowicz, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa. (AWWA)T.A. Barber Jr., Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)J.P.
21、Corless, US Naval Reserve, Rockville, Md. (AWWA)L.V. Landry, City of Shreveport, Shreveport, La. (AWWA)C.A. Owen, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla. (AWWA)J.S. Trotter, City of Bloomington Utilities, Bloomington, Ind. (AWWA)D.P. Wolz, Clean Water Plant, Wyoming, Mich. (AWWA)ivvContentsAll AWWA standa
22、rds follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this formatmay be found in a particular standard.SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGEForewordI Introduction. viiI.A Background viiI.B History. viiI.C Acceptance . viiII Special Issues. ixII.A Advisory Information on Product Application ixIII
23、Use of This Standard ixIII.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ixIII.B Modification to Standard. xIV Major Revisions . xV Comments . xStandard1Genral1.1 Scope . 11.2 Purpose 11.3 Application 12 References 23 Definitions 24 Requirements4.1 Physical Requirements . 34.2 Chemical Requirements. 34.3 Imp
24、urities 35 Verification5.1 Sampling 45.2 Test Procedures 55.3 Basis for Rejection . 126 Delivery6.1 Marking. 126.2 Packaging and Shipping. 126.3 Affidavit of Compliance and Certified Analysis 13Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reprod
25、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page intentionally blank.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American Water Works Association P
26、rovided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordThis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA B405.I. Introduction.I.A. Background. Sodium aluminate (Na2Al2O4) is used to improve hardnessreductio
27、n and coagulation when softening water with lime or lime and soda ash. Itcan also be used in conjunction with alum to improve coagulation.Sodium aluminate is a manufactured product obtained by combining aluminumoxide (Al2O3) with sufficient excess causticity for stabilization. Sodium aluminate ispro
28、duced either as a solid or liquid. The solid form is a white or brown granularmaterial containing 6080 percent Na2Al2O4(19.7526.33 percent aluminum). Thedensity of solid sodium aluminate is 800 kg/m3(50 lb/ft3). Liquid sodium aluminateis a concentrated solution containing approximately 3045 percent
29、Na2Al2O4(9.8714.80 percent aluminum). The specific gravity of liquid sodium aluminate is1.451.60.Refer to material safety data sheets (MSDS) available from the supplier ormanufacturer for safety information.I.B. History. Prior to May 15, 1960, a tentative standard for sodiumaluminate was designated
30、AWWA B405-59T. On May 15, 1960, the firstedition was approved. Subsequent revisions to ANSI/AWWA B405 were preparedby the AWWA Standards Committee on Iron Salts, Aluminum Salts, and RelatedCoagulant Aids and approved by the AWWA Board of Directors in 1983, 1989,1994, and 2000. This sixth edition was
31、 approved by the AWWA Board of Directorson June 11, 2006. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSFInternational (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and acertification program f
32、or all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Othermembers of the original consortium included the American Water WorksAssociation Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Healthand Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water WorksAssociation (AWWA) and the Association
33、 of State Drinking WaterAdministrators (ASDWA) joined later.viiIn the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contactCopyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
34、HS-,-,-with, drinking water rests with individual states.*Local agencies may choose toimpose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluatethe health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products,state and local agencies may use various references, in
35、cluding two standardsdeveloped under the direction of NSF, NSF/ANSI60, Drinking Water TreatmentChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Compo-nentsHealth Effects.Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products inaccordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individua
36、l states or local agencies have authority toaccept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditationof certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60does not stipulate a maxi
37、mum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substancesnot regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs ofan unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testingguidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens).Use of An
38、nex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.ANSI/AWWA B405 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard.The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or the residual solidsis becoming a problem of greater concern. The language in Sec. 4.3
39、.2 is arecommendation only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water tobe certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users ofthe standard may opt to make this certification a requi
40、rement for the product. Usersof this standard should also consult the appropriate state or local agency havingjurisdiction in order to1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certifyproducts for contact w
41、ith, or treatment of, drinking water.3. Determine current information on product certification.*Persons outside of the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.NSF International 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.American National Standards Institute, 25 West
42、43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. viiiII. Special Issues.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application. Unlike many o
43、ther floccu-lant chemicals purchased in liquid form, liquid sodium aluminate is usuallypurchased by weight of product, including water.This standard provides methods for analyzing insoluble matter, available sodiumaluminate, soluble silica, total sodium oxide, and excess sodium oxide. This standarda
44、pplies to sodium aluminate produced by currently recognized methods ofmanufacture. If other methods or raw materials are used, impurities could be presentthat might be inconsistent with good water treatment practices. In such cases,additional tests by the manufacturer may be required to demonstrate
45、that the productis suitable for water treatment purposes.III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility for the user of an AWWAstandard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for usein the particular application being considered.III.A. Purchaser Options and Alter
46、natives. When purchasing sodium alumi-nate under the provisions of this standard, the following items should be specified bythe purchaser:1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B405, Standard for Sodium Alumi-nate, of latest revision.2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water TreatmentChemic
47、alsHealth Effects, is required. 3. Physical form and quantity required (Sec. 4.1).4. Liquid sodium aluminate may lack stability after storage for more than30 days. Purchasers may wish to expand on the stability requirements based onindividual need. (Sec. 4.1.1)5. Commercial solid sodium aluminate co
48、ntaining additives, such as clay, toimprove the feeding or coagulating characteristics or stabilizers to improve shelf life isavailable. Use of these additional materials requires changing the limitations oninsoluble matter (Sec. 4.1.2) and chemical requirements (Sec. 4.2). Together, sodiumaluminate
49、 and additives (clay and stabilizers) must conform to impurity limitationrequirements (Sec. 4.3).6. In the event that an analysis by a referee laboratory is required, theassignment of testing costs should be addressed (Sec. 5.3.1).7. Size and type of container to be used (Sec. 6.2).8. Affidavit of compliance, certifi
