1、AWWA Standard SM Ferric Sulfate Effective date: Sept. 1, 2014. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 23, 1961. This edition approved June 8, 2014. Approved by American National Standards Institute June 2, 2014. ANSI/AWWA B406-14 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B406-06) ii AWWA Standard This
2、document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must
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11、dards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-039-5 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-303-9DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.B406.14 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
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14、content is the product of thousands of iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Subcommittee on Ferric SulfateFerrous Sulfate, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time: Gene Shull, Chair T.A. Barber Jr., Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA) S.C. Clark, Standards Council Liais
15、on, HDR Engineering, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) D.E. Gordon, QC Corporation, Baltimore, Md. (AWWA) C.L. Payne, Synergy Production Inc., Reisterstown, Md. (AWWA) S.J. Posavec,* Standards Staff Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) G. Shull, Yantis, Texas (AWWA) B.H. Wilder, Daytona Beach, Fla. (AWWA) B. Wode
16、tzki, Pencco Inc., Valparaiso, Ind. (AWWA) The AWWA Standards Committee on Iron Salts, Aluminum Salts, and Related Coagulant Aids, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John P. Corless, Chair Jan J. Pavlicek, Vice Chair General Interest Membe
17、rs M.B. Alvarez, CH2M HILL, Coral Gables, Fla. (AWWA) K.K. Au, FMC Global Peroxygens, Naperville, Ill. (AWWA) S.C. Clark,* Standards Council Liaison, HDR Engineering, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) J.D. Edwards, Westerville, Ohio (AWWA) J.J. Gemin, AECOM, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada (AWWA) P.H. Hargette, Black
18、 & Veatch Corporation, Greenville, S.C. (AWWA) S. Heidary-Monfared, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (AWWA) G.A. Iversen, Hazen and Sawyer, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA) C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, East Brunswick, N.J. (AWWA) J.W. Patterson, J.W. Patterson Environmental Consultants, Si
19、lverthorne, Colo. (AWWA) S.J. Posavec,* Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting iv B.H. Wilder, Daytona Beach, Fla. (AWWA) L.W. VandeVenter,*AECOM, Wakefield, Mass. (AWWA) Producer Members J.P. Crass, Ventura, Calif. (AWWA) J.M. Gonzalez, South New Berlin, N.Y. (AWWA
20、) D.E. Gordon, QC Corporation, Baltimore, Md. (AWWA) L.N. Hjersted,* Agro Iron, Lakeland, Fla. (AWWA) B. Keogh, B.I.K. Water Technologies, Dundas, Ontario, Canada (AWWA) J.J. Pavlicek, Kemira Water Solutions, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA) K.E. Ruehl, General Chemical Corporation, Ballwin, Mo. (AWWA) G. Shul
21、l, Yantis, Texas (AWWA) B. Wodetzki, Pencco Inc., Valparaiso, Ind. (AWWA) User Members T.A. Barber Jr., Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA) J.P. Corless, US Naval Reserve, Rockville, Md. (AWWA) L.V. Landry, Bossier Parish Policy Jury, Benton, La. (AWWA) C.A. Owen, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla
22、. (AWWA) B.K. Parsons, City of Greensboro, Greensboro, N.C. (AWWA) J.S. Trotter, City of Bloomington Utilities, Bloomington, Ind. (AWWA) * Alternate v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard.
23、 SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance vii II Special Issues viii II.A Manufacture and Use of Ferric Sulfate viii II.B Storage and Handling Considerations . ix II.C Basis for Payment . ix II.D Free Acid ix III Use of This Standard ix III.
24、A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ix III.B Modification to Standard x IV Major Revisions . x V Comments x Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Physical Requirements . 3 4.2 Chemical Requirements 3 4.3 Impurities 4 5 V
25、erification 5.1 Sampling . 4 5.2 Laboratory Examination 5 5.3 Laboratory Samples . 5 5.4 Moisture Content of Dry Ferric Sulfate . 6 5.5 Test Procedure for Insoluble Matter . 6 5.6 Test Procedure for Soluble Ferrous Iron 7 5.7 Test Procedure for Soluble Ferric Iron . 8 5.8 Test Procedure for Free Aci
26、d in Ferric Sulfate . 8 5.9 Test Procedure for Chloride . 10 5.10 Notice of Nonconformance . 11 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 12 6.2 Packaging and Shipping 12 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance or Certified Analysis 13 This page intentionally blank. vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a
27、part of ANSI*/AWWA B406. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Ferric sulfate is used as an inorganic coagulant for removal of suspended and colloidal particles from water by coagulation and flocculation. It is prepared by oxidizing ferrous sulfate or by dissolving ferric oxide in sulfuric acid. Ferric
28、sulfate is available in dry form as a powdery-granular product, grayish-white to reddish-gray in color, or as a stable solution that is relatively clear and reddish-brown in color. The term ferric sulfate as used in this standard refers to the manufactured ferric sulfate product, a partially hydrate
29、d dry ferric sulfate having the basic formula Fe 2(SO 4 ) 3 xH 2 O in which x averages approximately 9. This ferric sulfate dissolves rapidly in water, as contrasted with anhydrous ferric sulfate, which dissolves very slowly in water. Similarly, in this standard the term liquid ferric sulfate refers
30、 to a solution of ferric sulfate containing between 10 percent and 14 percent ferric iron by weight. This percentage may be varied by agreement between the supplier and purchaser. I.B. History. This standard was first approved as tentative on Jan. 23, 1961, by the AWWA Board of Directors, and was ap
31、proved as a standard on Feb. 11, 1964. Subsequent revisions to ANSI/AWWA B406 were approved by the AWWA Board of Directors in 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2006. This edition of B406 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 8, 2014. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Ag
32、ency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water W
33、orks Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF, now Water Research Foundation) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, auth
34、ority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate
35、 authority having jurisdiction. viii requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of
36、 NSF,* NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to ac
37、cept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60, does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contamina
38、nt for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be i
39、dentical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B406 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids is becoming a problem of greater concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.2 is a recommenda- tion only for
40、direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users
41、 of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking wa
42、ter. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Manufacture and Use of Ferric Sulfate. Due to the corrosivity of chlorides on some metals, this edition of ANSI/AWWA B406 includes a limitation on chloride impurity of 10 ppm Cl per 1 percent of contained ferri
43、c iron. This limitation is based on a static-test corrosion test using liquid ferric sulfate, which contained 10 percent ferric iron in a solution containing up to 1,000 ppm Cl held at 100F (38C), in which no corrosion of 304 or 316 stainless steel resulted during 21 days of contact. Mild * NSF Inte
44、rnational, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. ix steel as a control, however, was consumed in several days, regardless of the presence or absence of chlorides. Because a hot ferric sulfate solution containing chlorides may increase corrosivity or extraction of metal impurities when loaded,
45、 stored, or used at product temperatures exceeding 100F (38C), the purchaser may wish to discuss with the supplier the level of chlorides, temperatures, and potential corrosivity, particularly with temperatures exceeding 100F (38C). II.B. Storage and Handling Considerations. Dry ferric sulfate is mi
46、ldly hygroscopic and should, therefore, be stored in a dry place. When feeding ferric sulfate, the correct water ratio (quantity of water to weight of material in the dissolving tank) should be maintained. The feeding equipment manufacturers directions for feeding should be followed. Liquid ferric s
47、ulfate should be stored in corrosion-resistant tanks and metered into the water as required with appropriate metering equipment. While liquid ferric sulfate remains a stable liquid for at least 72 hr at 32F (0C) without freezing or crystallizing, with only a slight increase in viscosity, it is recom
48、mended that tanks be insulated or heated if prolonged periods of temperature below 32F (0C) are normally expected. Human exposure to either dry or liquid ferric sulfate should be minimized by adequate ventilation, protective clothing, good hygiene, and careful “housekeeping” practices. Personnel han
49、dling dry ferric sulfate should wear goggles, a dust mask, gloves, and other protective clothing. Those handling liquid ferric sulfate should wear goggles, gloves, and an acid-resistant apron. Splashing or misting of the liquid should be avoided. A respirator with an activated carbon filter suitable for a weak sulfuric acid mist should be worn when handling liquid ferric sulfate. II.C. Basis for Payment. The basis for payment shall be the net weight of ferric sulfate supplied, excluding the weight of the shipping container. II.D. Free Acid. Liquid ferric sulfa
