1、 ANSI/AWWA C208-12 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C208-07) AWWA Standard Effective date: Nov. 1, 2012. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959. This edition approved June 10, 2012. Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 21, 2012. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denve
2、r, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySections The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings SM ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) st
3、andard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi- cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each o
4、ptional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard do
5、es not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws
6、this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the o
7、fficial notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an America
8、n National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri- can National Standards are subject to periodic review, and
9、users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular Amer
10、ican National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that acti
11、on be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writ- ing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourt
12、h Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-892-1 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-188-2 ISBN-10, print: 1-58321-892-0 eISBN-10, electronic: 1-61300-188-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
13、form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2012 by American Water Works Association Printed
14、in USA iii Committee Personnel The Steel Water Pipe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group on C208, which developed this revision, had the following personnel at the time: John L. Luka, Chair General Interest Members R.J. Card, Manufacturing Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga. (AWWA
15、) A. Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas (AWWA) R.R. Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas (AWWA) K. Couture, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA) D. Dechant, Manufacturing Consultant, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA) A. Fletcher, Tyco Water, Southbank, Australia (AWWA) B.D. Keil, Northwest
16、 Pipe Company, Portland, Ore. (AWWA) J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA) R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) D. Seals, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas (AWWA) K.L. Shaddix, Smith-Blair Inc., Texarkana, Texas (AWWA) B. Simpson, American Sp
17、iralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA) Th e Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which developed this standard, had the following person- nel at the time of approval: John H. Bambei Jr., Chair Dennis Dechant, Vice-Chair John Luka, Secretary General Interest Members W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Asso
18、ciates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA) R.J. Card, Lockwood Andrews & Newnam Inc., Sugar Hill, Ga. (AWWA) R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA) H.E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Bothell, Wash. (AWWA) S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA) R.L. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc.,
19、Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA) iv M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering, Overland Park, Kansas (AWWA) J.K. Jeyapalan, Pipeline Consultant, New Milford, Conn. (AWWA) R.A Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services, Surrey, B.C. (AWWA) J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah (AWWA) W.J. Mo
20、ncrief,* HDR Engineering Inc., San Diego, Calif. (AWWA) E.N. Olson, Standards Council Liaison, Brown and Caldwell, Gold Hill, Ore. (AWWA) R. Ortega,* Lockwood Andrews & Newnam, Houston, Texas (AWWA) E.S. Ralph, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) A.E. Romer, AECOM, Newport Beach,
21、Calif. (AWWA) J.R. Snow,* MWH Americas Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA) H.R. Stoner, Consultant, North Plainfield, N.J. (AWWA) C.C. Sundberg, CH2M HILL, Issaquah, Wash. (AWWA) W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA) Producer Members S.A. Arnaout, Hanson Pressure Pipe Inc., Dallas, Texas (AWWA) H.H. B
22、ardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif. (AWWA) R.R. Carpenter, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (MSS) D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA) W.B Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, Ill. (SPFA) B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Pleasan
23、t Grove, Utah (AWWA) J.L. Luka,* American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA) R.D. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA) J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA) G.F. Ruchti,* Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Punta Gorda, Fla. (SPFA) D. Walker, T
24、nemec Company Inc., Oakville, Ont. (AWWA) J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C. (AWWA) User Members G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y. (AWWA) J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C. (AWWA) R.
25、V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR) * Alternate Liaison, nonvoting v G. George, Tacoma Water, Water Supply Section, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA) T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, LaVerne, Calif. (AWWA) M. McReynolds, *Metropolitan Water District of Souther
26、n California, La Mirada, Calif. (AWWA) G. Oljaca,* Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C. (AWWA) G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA) N.A. Wigner, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) J.V. Young, City of Richmond, Richmond, B.C. (AWWA) * Alter
27、nate This page intentionally blank. vii Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGESEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction. ix I.A Background ix I.B History . ix I.C Acceptance x II Special
28、Issues . x III Use of This Standard . x III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives . x III.B Modification to Standard . xi IV Major Revisions xi V Comments xii Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 2 1.3 Application 3 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Fittings 3 5 Verification
29、 15 6 Delivery . 15 Figures 1A1F Recommended dimensions for water pipe fittings (except elbows) 10 2A2B Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows 11 2C2D Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows 12 2E2F Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows 13 3 Tangential outlet . 14 4 Lateral less th
30、an 30 15 5 Reducing elbow . 16 Appendix A 17 Table A-1 Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings . 17 This page intentionally blank. ix Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C208. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Steel pipe has been used for waterlines in the
31、United States since the 1850s. With the development of the Bessemer process in 1855 and the open- hearth process in 1861, steel, the strongest and most versatile refinement of iron, became available for water pipe. Available records disclose installations of steel water pipe as early as 1858. The pi
32、pe was first manufactured by rolling steel sheets or plates into shape and riveting the seams. This method of fabrication continued with improvements into the 1930s. In 1905, lock-bar pipe was introduced and, by 1930, had nearly supplanted riveted pipe. By the early 1930s, both riveted and lock-bar
33、methods were gradually phased out and welding dominated the pipe-making process. As welding became more universal in pipeline construction and manufacturing, varying steel shapes able to accommodate pipeline hydraulics and locations became more prevalent. Over the years, rigid speci- fications have
34、been developed and new product developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques and processes have been established to ensure the purchaser a product of high standards. I.B. History. This standard was first proposed in 1955 to provide standard dimensions for steel water pipe fittings. It wa
35、s approved as a “tentative” standard on July 14, 1955. Revisions in the text were approved on Dec. 31, 1957, and were incorporated in the fourth and later printings. The revisions consisted of the addition of an explanatory paragraph, changes in the table for fittings for service in transmission and
36、 distribution mains, and clarification of the figures detailing the various fittings. The standard was approved without further revision on Jan. 26, 1959. Revisions to the text were approved on June 21, 1983, and incorporated in the sixth and later printings. These revisions include the following: 1
37、. Addition of a foreword to provide the history of a standard and major revisions. 2. Revision of Table 1, deleting 4-in. pipe size and extending pipe sizes to 144 in. 3. Revision of Table 2. 4. Expansion of Figure 3 to include sizes to 144 in. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd S
38、treet, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. x 5. Deletion of Table 4. 6. Deletion of alternate Table 3. 7. Deletion of Table 5. 8. Addition of reducing tees and deletion of smooth 90 elbow category from Figure 1 and Table 1. The information in Table 1 was changed from a tabular format to a formula form
39、at in order to ascertain dimensions for tees, crosses, wyes, laterals, and reducers. A factor, f, was introduced in the new Table 1 to facilitate the use of formulas for computing fitting dimensions and provided formulas for elbow layout to facilitate the design of elbows not tabulated. Addendum C20
40、8-84 was approved on June 4, 1984. The addendum added a note of caution to Tables 2A through 2D concerning hoop tension concentration in elbows with a radius of less than 2.5D. ANSI/AWWA C208-83, including ANSI/AWWA C208-84, was reaffirmed without revision on June 18, 1989. ANSI/AWWA C208-96 was app
41、roved by the Board of Directors on June 23, 1996. The major revision was to clarify that the standard is a dimensional guide only and that design of fittings should be in accordance with applicable sections of AWWA Manual M11. Table 2 was deleted from the standard. ANSI/AWWA C208-01 was approved on
42、June 17, 2001. ANSI/ AWWA C208-07 was approved on June 24, 2007 . This edition of ANSI/AWWA C208 was approved on June 10, 2012. I.C. Acceptance. This standard has no applicable information for this section. II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section. III. Use of
43、 Thi s Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following information should be provided by the purc
44、haser. 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA C208, Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings, of latest revision. 2. Type of fitting required (such as elbow, tee, reducer, wye, lateral, etc.). 3. Radius of elbows (such as 1D, 1.5D, 2.5D, or other). 4. Number of pieces or segments for elbows.
45、5. Design pressure and specifications for pipe to which the steel fitting will connect (i.e., ANSI/AWWA C200, AWWA M11). xi 6. Type of end connection required (such as plain, beveled end for field butt welding, bell or spigot for field lap welding, bell or spigot O-ring, and flanged or mechanical co
46、upling). 7. Submittal of shop detail and assembly drawings. 8. Special handling, inspection, or testing requirements. 9. Lining and coating required. III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. I
47、 V. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this edition include the following: 1. The standard was globally revised to become equation based rather than table based to bring the standard in line with industry practice. 2. Sec. 4.1.1 of the standard under Fittings was revised to allow
48、 some constrained- end-type fittings to be provided subject to constructability. 3. Several of the variables in Sec. 4.1.2, Symbols, were modified in this section and throughout the document based on the standardization of notation in all steel pipe standards and manuals. 4. A new section, Sec. 4.1.
49、3, was added presenting formula factors as linear equations replacing the values previously included in Table 1. 5. Table 1 was relocated to a new appendix A and revised to reflect overall dimensions only, which are based on a pipe outside diameter equal to the nominal diameter. 6. In Sec. 4.1.6, Laterals, Case 1 (equal diameters), a note was added to address laterals with deflection angles less than 30. 7. Sec. 4.1.8, Wyes, was revised for clarity and to provide a clearer explanation for the fitting configuration in Figure 1E. 8. Sec. 4.1.11.1 was rewritten to remov
