1、AWWA Standard SM Online Turbidimeter Operation and Maintenance Effective date: Sept. 1, 2016. This first edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 16, 2016. Approved by American National Standards Institute Oct. 6, 2015. ANSI/AWWA C671-16 (First Edition) Copyright 2016 American Water Works As
2、sociation. All Rights Reserved.ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications.
3、 The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does
4、 AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water
5、industry that the product described will provide satisfactory ser- vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first d
6、ay of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended a
7、s a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proced
8、ures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and p
9、romotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. Th
10、is American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all s
11、tandards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-150-7 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-373-2DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.C671.16 All rights res
12、erved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of
13、 the publisher. Copyright 2016 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders A
14、WWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Online Monitoring, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following p
15、ersonnel at the time of approval: Darryl Green, Chair General Interest Members T.A. Pajor, City of Wichita, Wichita, Kan. (AWWA) E.S. Ralph,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) W.J. Soucie, Central Lake Company Water Agency, Lake Bluff, Ill. (AWWA) C.D. Tona, City of Redding, Red
16、ding, Calif. (AWWA) R.D. Vaidya, Chastain Skillman, Lakeland, Fla. (AWWA) Producer Members T.L. Engelhardt, Hach Company, Loveland, Colo. (AWWA) J. Evans, Chemtrac Systems Inc., Norcross, Ga. (AWWA) P. Gifford, Mueller Company, Chattanooga, Tenn. (AWWA) B.G. LaBelle, GF Piping Systems, Irvine, Calif
17、. (AWWA) B. Patel, PIMC Group, Greenwood, Ind. (AWWA) M. Sadar, Tintometer, Fort Collins, Colo. (AWWA) User Members D. Green, Jackson Energy Authority, Jackson, Tenn. (AWWA) K.C. Morgan,* Standards Council Liaison, Town of Gilbert, Gilbert, Ariz. (AWWA) M.E. Richardson, Cape Fear Public Utility Auth
18、ority, Wilmington, N.C. (AWWA) T.M. Scribner, City of Westminster, Broomfield, Colo. (AWWA) R. Sparks, City Utilities of Springfield, Springfield, Mo. (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting. Nonvoting informational. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.This page intentionally bl
19、ank. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B H
20、istory vii I.C Acceptance vii II Special Issues ix II.A Information on the Application of This Standard . ix III Use of This Standard ix III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ix III.B Modification to Standard. ix IV Major Revisions ix V Comments . ix Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1
21、 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Principles of Operation 4 4.2 Sensor SystemsTechnical Details and Application of Online Sensors 6 4.3 Sample Collection . 10 4.4 Instrument Location . 12 4.5 Electrical System . 13 5 Verification 5.1 Instrument Calibration and Ve
22、rification . 16 5.2 Record Keeping . 19 Appendix A Supplemental Information on Troubleshooting 21 A.1 Troubleshooting 21 Figures 1 Typical Optical Geometry for a Nephelometer 5 2 Comparison Between an In-Situ and Sidestream Nephelometer. . 7 Tables A.1 Troubleshooting Process Turbidimeters 21 Copyri
23、ght 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C671. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. This standard
24、describes online turbidimeter operation and maintenance for online turbidimeters used in the treatment and monitoring of municipal water supplies or in the treatment of municipal wastewater effluent or reuse applications. I.B. History. Over the past decade, significant advancements in turbidity meas
25、urement have been observed. Although todays instruments meet the same basic requirements of nephelometers, improvements in advanced electronics, ratio algorithms, techniques to eliminate stray light interference, and software have produced modern measurement technologies that are far more accurate a
26、nd stable. In addition, the new designs may have a greater dynamic range, can be used to measure samples with more complex matrices, and may help minimize the effects of typical interferences. The selection of the best turbidity instrument design will be dependent on the specific water quality. Samp
27、le composition and process requirements typically dictate the type of technology to be used. Water samples with high levels of dissolved color or absorbance may require a long wavelength (in the range of 803 nm to 890 nm) or ratio measurement. Low-turbidity water may require a more sensitive instrum
28、ent. For membrane filtration monitoring and granular media filter effluent monitoring, instru- ments that both comply with regulatory monitoring requirements and have the highest accuracy at low-turbidity levels should be used; for example, a laser nephelometer. The AWWA Standards Council approved t
29、he formation of a committee to create a standard for online instrument operation and maintenance during its March 2006 meet- ing. A chair for the new Online Monitoring Committee was selected in August 2006, and the committee held its first meeting at the Water Quality and Technology Confer- ence in
30、Denver, Colo., in November 2006. This is the first edition of ANSI/AWWA Standard C671. It was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 16, 2016. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF * Ame
31、rican National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.viii International (NSF*) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking
32、water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) jo
33、ined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking wate
34、r additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990. 2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direct
35、ion of NSF: NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local age
36、ncy. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary f
37、rom jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated
38、contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Persons outside the United
39、 States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.ix ANSI/AWWA C671 does not address additives requireme
40、nts. Users of this stan- dard should consult the appropriate state, provincial, or local agency having jurisdic- tion in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, o
41、r treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Information on the Application of This Standard. The online turbidimeter chosen for a particular application highly depends on the water characteristics at the point of sampling and t
42、he purpose for measuring turbidity (such as regulatory compliance, process control, or other reasons). The initial selection and purchasing of an online turbidimeter are beyond the scope of this standard. However, to successfully operate and maintain online turbidiments, it is important to determine
43、 that the water characteristics are within the range of water temperature, pH, and other parameters for which the analyzer is designed to operate. In addition, when process water streams contain solids exceeding a turbidimeters specifications, other instruments such as total suspended solids instrum
44、ents or those that measure percent transmittance should be considered. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser O
45、ptions and Alternatives. The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA C671, Online Turbidimeter Operation and Maintenance, of latest revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. III.B.
46、Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. I V. Major Revisions. This is the first edition of this standard. V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Eng
47、ineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or email at standardsawwa.org. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2016 American
48、Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.1 AWWA Standard ANSI/AWWA C671-16 (First Edition) Online Turbidimeter Operation and Maintenance SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1 Scope This standard describes online turbidimeter operation and maintenance (O&M) for online turbidimeters used in the treatment an
49、d monitoring of potable water, reclaimed water, or wastewater effluent. Sec. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for operation and maintenance of online turbidimeters. Sec. 1.3 Application This standard can be referenced in documents for purchasing online turbi - dimeters, can be used as a guide for verifying the accuracy and precision of online turbidimeters, or can assist utilities in establishing online turbidimeter O&M pro- cedures. The user should ensure the environmental conditions of the appl
