1、AWWA Standard SM Wire- and Strand-Wound, Circular, Prestressed Concrete Water Tanks Effective date: Dec. 1, 2013. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 22, 1986. This edition approved Jan. 20, 2013. Approved by American National Standards Institute Sept. 30, 2013. ANSI/AWWA D110-13
2、(Revision of ANSI/AWWA D110-04)ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications.
3、 The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does
4、 AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water
5、 supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the
6、 first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is
7、intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes,
8、 or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to state on their own responsibility in adverti
9、sing and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval p
10、rocess. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current informat
11、ion on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-980-5 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-2575 All rights reserved. No part of this publica
12、tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2013
13、 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAiii The AWWA Standards Committee on Concrete Water Tanks, Wire-Wound Prestressed, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel for this revision: Mehdi S. Zarghamee, Chair Kenneth E. Johnson, Secretary User Members R. Beaur
14、ivage, Manchester Water Works, Manchester, N.H. (AWWA) L.L. Gamble, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Maumee, Ohio (AWWA) A.J. Geiss, Onondaga County Water Authority, Syracuse, N.Y. (AWWA) W.J. Horst, Montgomery County Water Services, Kettering, Ohio (AWWA) W.G. Mowell, East Orange Water Commiss
15、ion, East Orange, N.J. (AWWA) J.L. Stapf, City of Northfield, Northfield, Minn. (AWWA) W.G. Sullivan, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Chelsea, Mass. (AWWA) General Interest Members G.R. Allan, Stantec Consulting Ltd., Wilmington, Mass. (AWWA) J.W. Birkhoff, Birkhoff, Hendricks & Carter LLP,
16、 Dallas, Texas (AWWA) C.S. Hanskat, Hanskat Consulting Group LLC, Northbrook, Ill. (AWWA) F.S. Kurtz,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) T.A. Larson, HDR Engineering Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA) J.D. Newell, Klotz Associates Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA) B.J. Phelps, CH2M HILL, Va
17、ncouver, Wash. (AWWA) W.B. Powers, Stantec Consulting Ltd., Boston, Mass. (AWWA) J.H. Wilber,* Standards Council Liaison, American AVK, Littleton, Colo. (AWWA) M.S. Zarghamee, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc., Waltham, Mass. (AWWA) Producer Members J.D. Copley, The Crom Corporation, Gainesville, Fla. (
18、AWWA) S.M. Crawford, The Crom Corporation, Gainesville, Fla. (AWWA) C.E. Crowley, Natgun Corporation, Wakefield, Mass. (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Alternate Committee Personneliv K.R. Harvey, Louisville, Ky. (AWWA) K.E. Johnson, Natgun Corporation, Wakefield, Mass. (AWWA) R.E. Lucero, DYK Incorporat
19、ed, El Cajon, Calif. (AWWA) R.G. Moore, Precon Corporation, Newberry, Fla. (AWWA) A.E. Tripp, Preload Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. (AWWA) S.J. Waites,* Preload Inc., Richardson, Texas (AWWA) * Alternatev Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
20、 format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance . viii II Special Issues ix II.A Intent . ix II.B Limitations . ix III Use of This Standard ix III.A Industry Practice and Assumptions . x III.B Purchase
21、r Options and Alternatives xi III.C Modification to Standard xii IV Major Revisions . xii V Comments . xiv Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 2 1.3 References . 4 2 Materials 2.1 Materials . 8 2.2 Concrete and Shotcrete 8 2.3 Mixing Water 9 2.4 Admixtures . 9 2.5 Reinforcement . 10 2.6 E
22、lastomeric Materials 12 2.7 Duct Material . 13 2.8 Concrete and Shotcrete Coatings . 13 2.9 Sealants and Joint Fillers . 13 2.10 Epoxy Bonding Agent . 15 2.11 Epoxy Mortar and Grout 15 2.12 Form Coatings 15 3 Design 3.1 Notation 15 3.2 Design Method . 16 3.3 Design Loads 17 3.4 Allowable Stresses 19
23、 3.5 Wall Design 22 3.6 Dome-Roof Design . 25 3.7 Other Roof Designs 30 3.8 Floor Design . 30 3.9 Footing Design . 33 3.10 Columns . 34 3.11 Tank Appurtenances . 34 4 Provisions for Earthquake-Induced Forces 4.1 Introduction 38 4.2 Seismic Joint Types . 43 4.3 Seismic Design Loads . 44 4.4 Vertical
24、and Horizontal Forces 54 4.5 Other Effects . 55 4.6 Maximum Allowable Stresses and Reinforcement Requirements 57 4.7 Maximum Allowable Coefficient of Friction . 58 4.8 Additional Requirements . 59vi 4.9 Foundation Design 59 4.10 Minimum Freeboard . 60 4.11 Design for Seismic Effects of Backfill 61 5
25、 Construction Procedures 5.1 Scope 61 5.2 Concrete 61 5.3 Shotcrete . 66 5.4 Forming 71 5.5 Nonprestressed-Steel Reinforcement and Vertical Tendons . 72 5.6 Prestressing . 72 5.7 Wall Tolerances . 76 5.8 Restraint Cables 76 5.9 Waterstops . 76 5.10 Elastomeric Bearing Pads 76 5.11 Sponge Fillers 77
26、5.12 Watertightness . 77 5.13 Repairs 78 5.14 Tank Backfill. 79 5.15 Cleanup 80 5.16 Electrical Grounding . 80 5.17 Lightning Protection . 80 6 Inspection Procedures 6.1 Scope 80 6.2 Field Observation During Construction . 80 6.3 Inspection After Structure Is Constructed 83 6.4 Routine Inspections 8
27、4 6.5 Safety 87 Appendix Alternative Method of Analysis Based on UBC 1997 . 89 Figures 1 Example Diaphragm Sheet 10 2 Joints Between Wall and Dome Edge Ring . 26 3 Typical Floor-Slab Construction Joint 31 4 Types of Joints Used Between the Wall and Its Foundation . 44 5 Curve for Obtaining Factor C
28、wfor the Ratio r/H . 47 6 Curve for Obtaining Factor K pfor the Ratio r/H . 49 7 Curves for Obtaining Factor W I /W Tand W C /W Tfor the Ratio r/H 50 8 Curves for Obtaining Factor X I /H and X C /H for the Ratio r/H 51 9 Net Effective Base-Pad Width After Deformation 58 10 Diaphragm Patching Detail
29、for Type IV Tank Core Wall . 72 A.1 Adjusted UBC 1997 Design Response Spectrum . 90 Tables 1 Allowable Stresses in Concrete and Shotcrete . 19 1M Metric Conversion . 20 2 Importance Factor . 40 3 Structural Response Coefficient for Type of Tank . 41 4 Soil Site Class Definitions 47 SEC. PAGE SEC. PA
30、GEvii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI * /AW WA D110. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. The New England Water Works Association (NEWWA) established a committee in 1958 to prepare a standard specification for the design and construction of prestressed concrete
31、water-storage tanks. The committee submitted a suggested specification to NEWWA in October 1962 as a guide to those in the water industry who wished to consider the use of these tanks. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 344 concluded eight years of com- mittee work with a report titled “Des
32、ign and Construction of Circular Prestressed Concrete Structures,” published in the ACI Journal September 1970. This report referred primarily to wire-wound tanks. I.B. History. In the December 1972 issue of Journal AWWA, the applicability of the ACI report to water containment structures was discus
33、sed in four articles. As a result of these articles and continued discussion on the subject, a standards committee was authorized by the American Water Works Association (AWWA) to develop an AWWA standard for circular, prestressed concrete water tanks. An AWWA standards committee on circular, prestr
34、essed concrete water tanks was appointed and held its first meeting June 19, 1974. During its first two years, the com- mittee studied the various types of prestressed tanks then in service or under construc- tion and determined that most were of the wire-wound type. Therefore, the committee in 1976
35、 was directed to limit its scope to the wire- and strand-wound prestressed tank wall design. The first edition of this standard incorporated the work of ACI Com - mittee 344 and contained additional requirements and recommendations, specifically for potable and process water, and for wastewater cont
36、ainment structures. The new standard, ANSI/AWWA D110-86, Standard for Wire-Wound Circular Prestressed- Concrete Water Tanks, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 22, 1986, and had an effective date of June 1, 1987. The standard has been in use since approval by the American National S
37、tandards Institute (ANSI) on Mar. 3, 1987. The first revision of this standard was initiated by the AWWA Standards Commit - tee during 1990 according to AWWA Standards Council policy. The revised standard ANSI/AWWA D110-95 was approved on June 22, 1995, by the AWWA Board of * American National Stand
38、ards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.viii Directors. The next edition of the standard, ANSI/AWWA D110-04, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 18, 2004. This edition, ANSI/AWWA D110-13, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 20, 2013. I.C.
39、 Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other memb
40、ers of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United S
41、tates, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. *Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such prod
42、ucts, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990. 2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF /ANSI 60,
43、Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certificatio
44、n organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisd
45、iction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Ro
46、ad, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20418.ix regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of
47、an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA D110 does not address additives requirements.
48、Users of this stan- dard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drin
49、king water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Intent. This standard reflects a committee consensus of industry practice concerning the design, detailing, and construction of circular, prestressed concrete water tanks of several types, with or without vertical prestressing of the tank core wall. The horizontal prestressed reinforcement of the tank wall is accomplished by the application of helically wound high-tensile-stress wire or strand under controlled tension on the surface of the core wall, protected by shotcrete cover
