1、 ANSI B11 2008 American National Standard for Machines General Safety Requirements Common to ANSI B11 Machines Secretariat and Standards Developing Organization The Association for Manufacturing Technology 7901 Westpark Drive McLean, VA 22102 Attn: Safety Department Approved: August 4, 2008 AMERICAN
2、 NATIONAL STANDARD B11- 2008 American National Standards By approving this American National Standard, the ANSI Board of Standards Review confirms that the requirements for due process, consensus, balance and openness have been met by AMT The Association For Manufacturing Technology (the ANSI-accred
3、ited standards developing organization for this document). American National Standards are developed through a consensus process. Consensus is established when substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple ma
4、jority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward resolution. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. W
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6、andards or guidelines. American National Standards are promulgated through ANSI for voluntary use; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conf
7、orming to the standards. However, users, distributors, regulatory bodies, certification agencies and others concerned may apply American National Standards as mandatory requirements in commerce and industry. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumst
8、ances give an interpretation of an American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the Secretari
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14、ndent judgment, or as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. AMT has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce conformance to the requirements of this document. AMT does not certify, test or inspe
15、ct products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of conformance to any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to AMT and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. NOTICE:
16、 This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. You may contact the Secretariat for current status information on this, or o
17、ther B11 standards. Individuals interested in obtaining up-to-date information on standards can access this information at http:www.nssn.org (or by contacting ANSI). NSSN - A National Resource for Global Standards, provides a central point to search for standards information from worldwide sources a
18、nd can connect those who seek standards to those who supply them. This standard is available from www.amtonline.org. Published by: AMT The Association For Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 221024206, USA Copyright 2008 by AMT- The Association For Manufacturing Technology All
19、rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 2008 AMT Page 3 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11- 2008 TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE FOREW
20、ORD6INTRODUCTION9 1 SCOPE .112 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 113 DEFINITIONS 124 RESPONSIBILITIES204.1 GENERAL .20 4.2 COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS22 4.3 QUALIFIED PERSONNEL22 4.4 SPECIFICATIONS FOR CUSTOM MACHINERY.22 4.5 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND INFORMATION FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 22 4.6 INSTALLATION, COMMI
21、SSIONING AND START-UP.22 4.7 SAFEGUARDING 22 4.8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.22 4.9 TRAINING OF USER PERSONNEL 23 4.10 CLEANING 23 4.11 OPERATIONAL WORKING SPACE 23 4.12 MODIFYING AND/OR REBUILDING A MACHINE .23 4.13 DISMANTLING, DISPOSAL AND OTHER LIFECYCLE ACTIVITIES .235 REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN, CO
22、NSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION, MODIFICATION, INSTALLATION, SET-UP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND DISMANTLING AND/OR DISPOSAL OF MACHINES 245.1 GENERAL .24 5.2 SUPPLIER.24 5.3 USER.24 5.4 INSTALLATION .24 5.5 INTEGRATOR / MODIFIER / REBUILDER 246 THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS 256.1 GENERAL .25 6.2 PREPARE FO
23、R / SET LIMITS OF THE ASSESSMENT.27 6.3 IDENTIFY TASKS AND HAZARDS27 6.4 ASSESS INITIAL RISK 27 6.5 REDUCE RISK .27 6.6 ASSESS RESIDUAL RISK29 6.7 ACHIEVE ACCEPTABLE RISK 29 6.8 DOCUMENT THE PROCESS29 2008 AMT Page 4 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11- 2008 7 SPECIFIC RISK REDUCTION AND SAFEGUARDING MET
24、HODS .30 7.1 ACCESS TO MACHINE TOOLS.30 7.2 CONTROL SYSTEMS .30 7.3 CONVEYORS.33 7.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) 33 7.5 ELECTRICAL .33 7.6 EMERGENCY STOPS 33 7.7 CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY (LOCK OUT / TAG OUT)33 7.8 ERGONOMICS/HUMAN FACTORS 34 7.9 SAFEGUARDING 34 7.10 HANDLING OF MACHINES,
25、COMPONENT PARTS AND MATERIALS34 7.11 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC (INCLUDING VACUUM) SYSTEMS 35 7.12 LADDERS AND PLATFORMS .36 7.13 LASERS37 7.14 LUBRICATION37 7.15 MACHINE TOOL SYSTEMS .37 7.16 MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES.387.17 NOISE387.18 RADIATION .397.19 SANITATION AND HYGIENE 397.20 STABILITY.397.21 THERM
26、AL SYSTEMS .407.22 VISIBILITY.407.23 VENTILIATION OF AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS.408 INFORMATION FOR SAFE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MACHINE TOOLS41 8.1 GENERAL .41 8.2 MANUALS.41 8.3 PRODUCT SAFETY SIGNS AND LABELS 41 8.4 NAMEPLATE41 8.5 INFORMATION FOR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) .418.6 INFORM
27、ATION FOR VERIFICATION.41 9 TRAINING42 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) GUIDANCE FOR FORMING A RISK ASSESSMENT TEAM 43ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) APPROACHES TO RISK REDUCTION 44ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) LIST OF MACHINE TOOL HAZARDS.46ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) EXAMPLE RISK SCORING OR RATING SYSTEMS49 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) SA
28、MPLE RISK ASSESSMENT .50ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) INFORMATION FOR USE-MANUAL CONTENT OUTLINE53ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) SUGGESTED INFORMATION FOR USE54 ANNEX H INFORMATIVE REFERENCES.55 2008 AMT Page 5 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11- 2008 Foreword (This foreword is not part of the requirements of this B11 A
29、merican National Standard on General Safety Requirements) Overview This American National Standard was promulgated by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee and its Secretariat, The Association for Manufacturing Technology (AMT) as a voluntary consensus standard to establish safety requirements for
30、machine tools and machine tool systems. This standard specifies general safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of machine tools and machine tool systems. This standard also applies to devices that are integral t
31、o these machines. This is the first edition of this American National Standard on General Safety Requirements (GSR). The B11 standards for machine tools were first approved beginning with safety requirements for power presses in 1922. Since that time, safety requirements for a variety of machine too
32、ls have been developed and continually updated and revised to become a series of some 30 B11 standards and technical reports. Maintaining these documents with consistent language proved a significant challenge. The long term objective of this new GSR standard reorganizes the B11 family of standards
33、by gathering the requirements common to many or most of the B11 standards into this document while retaining the machine tool specific requirements in the machine-specific standards. Objective The objective of the B11 standards is to eliminate injuries to personnel from machine tools or machine tool
34、 systems by establishing requirements for the design, construction, reconstruction, modification, installation, setup, operation and maintenance of same. This standard should be used by suppliers and users, as well as by the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. Responsibilities have been assig
35、ned to the supplier (i.e., manufacturer, the reconstructor, and the modifier), the user, and the user personnel to implement this standard. This standard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training and experience are safety factors that mu
36、st be considered by the user. The safeguarding of machines and machine tool systems is complicated by the wide variety of operations and operating conditions, due to the variations in size, speed, and type of machine or machine tool used; the size, thickness, and kind of pieces to be worked; the req
37、uired accuracy of the finished work; the skill of operators; the length of run; and the method of feeding, including part and scrap removal. Because of these varying factors in the operations and in the workplace, a wide variety of safeguarding methods has been covered in this standard as well as th
38、e ANSI B11 machine-specific standards. Harmonization This standard has been harmonized with international (ISO) and European (EN) standards by the introduction of hazard identification and risk assessment as the principal method for analyzing hazards to personnel to achieve a level of acceptable ris
39、k. This standard integrates the requirements of ANSI / ISO 12100 parts 1 and 2, and ISO 14121, as well as U.S. standards. Suppliers meeting the requirements of this ANSI B11 General Safety Requirements standard may simultaneously meet the requirements of these three ISO standards. This document cont
40、ains references to federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. OSHA standards represent the minimum level of regulatory compliance requirements within the United States. Federal OSHA-approved individual state safety and health programs (e.g., California OSHA, known as Cal
41、-OSHA) have standards that may exceed these minimum requirements. Accordingly, care must be exercised to ensure that the appropriate standards are being used. 2008 AMT Page 6 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11- 2008 General “Safe” is the state of being protected from recognized hazards that are likely t
42、o cause serious physical harm. There is no such thing as being absolutely safe, that is, a complete absence of risk. In turn, there is no machine tool that is absolutely safe. All machines contain hazards, and some level of residual risk. However, the risk associated with those hazards should be red
43、uced to an acceptable level. This standard guides machine tool suppliers and users through a risk assessment process designed to ensure that reasonably foreseeable hazards are identified, and corresponding risks are reduced to an acceptable level. In this standard, the terms “acceptable” and “tolera
44、ble” are used as synonyms. Although engineers have long applied an informal risk assessment framework, this standard introduces a formal method to conduct and document the risk assessment process. This standard identifies some preparations that need to be made before a risk assessment begins, and pr
45、esents the basic risk assessment process in a step by step approach to assist in achieving this goal. The outcome of completing the risk assessment process should be: Machines/machine tools with risks reduced to an acceptable level; Awareness devices, warning labels, instruction manual(s), and infor
46、mation for operation and maintenance; Documentation of the risk assessment. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the normative or informative ar
47、eas of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. The presentation style used in this standard mixes both informative and explanatory text with normative requirements and was chosen to enhance the readability of the information. The distinction between these texts
48、is illustrated as follows: Normative requirements The normative requirements appear aligned to the left margin. To meet the requirements of this standard, machine tool suppliers and users must conform to these normative requirements. These requirements typically use the verb “shall.” Informative tex
49、t. The informative or explanatory text in this standard appears indented, in italics, in a reduced font size and colored blue (for those with electronic or color printed versions), all of which are in an effort to provide a visual signal to the reader that this is informative text, not normative text, and is not to be considered part of the requirements of this standard; this text is advisory only. The suppliers, the users and the machine tools themselves are not required to conform to the informative text.
