1、72 ANSI B11.16 (MPIF #47) American National Standard for Machine Tools - Safety Requirements for Powder/Metal Compacting Presses Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 11 December 2014 by the American National Standards Institute CO
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19、rinted in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. American National Standard B11.162014 (MPIF #47) iii Contents Page FOREWORD (THIS FOREWORD IS NOT P
20、ART OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI B11.16-2014 MPIF #47). . VI EFFECTIVE DATES: . VI DEVELOPMENT . VII INTRODUCTION IX 1 SCOPE AND EXCLUSIONS 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Types of machines excluded . 2 2 REFERENCES . 2 2.1 Normative references . 2 2.2 Informative References 3 3 DEFINITIONS . 4 4 RESPONSIBI
21、LITY 10 4.1 Supplier responsibilities 10 4.2 User responsibilities 10 4.3 Personnel responsibilities . 11 5 RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS . 11 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION . 13 6.1 General requirements . 13 6.1.1 Hazards to personnel other than the point of operation 13 6.1.2 Hazards to personnel associated
22、with machine installation 13 6.1.3 Springs . 14 6.1.4 Brakes 14 6.1.5 Spring counterbalance 14 6.1.6 Air (pneumatic) counterbalance 14 6.1.7 Pneumatic controls 15 6.1.8 Hand operated levers . 15 6.1.9 Pressure vessels 15 6.1.10 Hydraulic equipment 15 6.1.11 Electrical requirements 17 6.1.12 Performa
23、nce of the safety-related function(s) 21 6.1.13 Programmable controllers . 21 6.1.14 Stopping-performance monitoring system . 22 6.1.15 Isolation of energy sources . 23 6.1.16 Stored energy . 23 6.1.17 Safety blocks or other die/ram support means 23 6.2 Mechanical PM press . 24 6.2.1 Part-revolution
24、 clutch control system. 24 6.3 Hydraulic PM press 27 6.3.1 Control system . 27 6.3.2 Homing function 29 6.3.3 Start position function . 29 6.4 Direct drive press: 29 6.4.1 Brakes general requirements . 30 6.4.2 Motorstart buttons . 30 6.4.3 Operating modes . 30 American National Standard B11.162014
25、(MPIF #47) iv 6.4.4 Homing function 32 6.4.5 Start position function . 33 7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND START-UP . 33 7.1 General 33 7.2 Layout . 33 7.3 Installation 34 7.3.1 Floor loading 34 7.3.2 Anchoring . 35 7.3.3 Electrical requirements for installation . 35 7.3.4 Lockout/tagout . 35 7.3
26、.5 Lighting 35 7.4 Pit design and safeguarding 36 7.5 Testing and start-up . 36 8 SAFEGUARDING 37 8.1 General 37 8.2 Responsibility . 37 8.3 Hazards associated with broken or falling components 39 8.4 Perimeter safeguarding 39 8.5 Guards 42 8.5.1 Point of operation guards 42 8.5.2 Fixed guard 43 8.5
27、.3 Adjustable guards 43 8.5.4 Interlocked guards . 43 8.6 Safeguarding devices . 45 8.6.1 Point of operation safeguarding devices 45 8.6.2 Type-A movable-barrier device (gate) . 46 8.6.3 Type-B movable-barrier device (gate) . 46 8.6.4 Movable barrier device 46 8.6.5 Presence-sensing point of operati
28、on device 47 8.6.6 Pull-back device . 51 8.6.7 Holdout or restraint device 53 8.6.8 Two-hand control device . 53 8.6.9 Two-Hand trip, full-revolution clutch 54 8.7 Awareness barriers, devices, or signals . 55 8.7.1 Awareness barriers 56 8.7.2 Awareness devices or signals . 56 8.8 Safe work practices
29、 56 8.9 Performance of the Safety Related Function(s) 56 9 SET-UP, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE . 57 9.1 General 57 9.2 PM press set-up procedures 58 9.3 Operation 59 9.3.1 Operating Procedures 59 9.3.2 Normal Production Operation. 59 9.4 Feeding - compacting press 60 9.5 Green part removal - compactin
30、g press 60 9.6 Manual feeding . 61 9.7 Part removal - coining and sizing press 61 9.7.1 Non-manual part removal 61 9.7.2 Manual part removal 62 9.8 Tool sets . 62 9.8.1 Tool set breakage hazard 62 9.8.2 Identification - tool set and die set members 62 9.8.3 Tool set handling . 62 American National S
31、tandard B11.162014 (MPIF #47) v 9.8.4 Tool setting procedure 62 9.8.5 Protection during and after tool setting 63 9.8.6 Tool setters 63 9.9 Removable die set handling . 63 9.10 Maintenance 64 9.11 Maintenance inspections . 66 9.12 Supervision . 67 9.13 Control of hazardous energy . 67 9.14 Initiatio
32、n of normal operation. 68 9.15 Safety signs 68 9.16 Personal protective equipment (PPE) 68 10 TRAINING 68 10.1 General 68 10.2 Training elements . 69 10.2.1 Training programs . 70 10.3 Operator training 71 10.4 Maintenance personnel training 71 10.5 Supervisor training . 71 10.6 Retraining . 71 ANNE
33、X A FIGURES 72 ANNEX B TASK-BASED HAZARDS 86 ANNEX C PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) . 87 ANNEX D SAFETY DISTANCE . 88 ANNEX E MAXIMUM STOP TIME TEST 99 American National Standard B11.162014 (MPIF #47) vi Foreword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI B11.16-201
34、4 MPIF #47). The first standard for Metal Powder Compacting Presses was developed and approved by the Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) in 1973 and published in 1974 as MPIF #47. It was subsequently revised in 1977. Recognizing the need for an ANSI safety standard for powder/metal compacting
35、 presses, the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee B11 on safety requirements for machines established Subcommittee B11.16 in 1985 to develop this document as an American National Standard. The first ANSI B11.16 (MPIF #47) standard was published in 1988, and revised in 2003. Because of the substantia
36、l use of compacting presses in the powder metallurgy (PM) industry and the MPIF involvement in the original writing of MPIF #47, this standard consistently refers to “metal“ powder compacting presses. However, it is recognized that these presses are used in the compaction of all types of powders, me
37、tallic and nonmetallic and that the use of compacting presses in nonmetallic and advanced particulate material industries will continue to grow. It is the intention of the writing subcommittee that this standard be applicable to all industries involved in powder compaction, regardless of the specifi
38、ed material utilized. The primary objective of this standard is to eliminate injuries to personnel associated with presses used in the PM industry, and similar powder compacting industries, by establishing safety requirements for the construction, safeguarding, operation and maintenance of PM presse
39、s. To accomplish this objective, the B11.16 Subcommittee approached the safe operation of PM presses from four angles: Eliminating certain recognized construction hazards by design and establishing standard approaches to design so that machines available from competitive suppliers will have similar
40、operating control characteristics. Minimizing the necessity of having the operator place hands, fingers, or other body parts within the point of operation through machine design, process design and application of administrative controls (procedures), thus minimizing the operators exposure to point o
41、f operation hazards. Safeguarding the point of operation to protect personnel, should they inadvertently be exposed to hazards at the point of operation. Establishing guidelines for general training and specific job-related instruction for establishing safe practices and procedures for all personnel
42、 working on PM presses. It is recognized that the words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries, it is recognized that risk cannot be reduced to zero in any human activity. Safety is influenced by many factors, including attitude. This standard
43、 is not intended to replace good judgment. Operator skill, training, experience, and job organization are all safety factors that must be considered in proper compliance with written regulations or recommended practice. In order to achieve the above goals and to assist persons in the implementation
44、of this standard, responsibilities have been assigned to the supplier (manufacturer, re-constructor, modifier), the user and the personnel (see flowchart in the introduction). To achieve uniform interpretation, it is imperative to read and understand the definitions (clause 3) used in this standard.
45、 PM presses and associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the requirements or explanator
46、y area of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. Effective Dates: The following information on effective dates is informative guidance only, and not a normative part of this standard. The subcommittee recognizes that some period of time after the approval date
47、on the title page of this document is necessary for suppliers and users to develop new designs, and/or modify existing designs or manufacturing processes in order to incorporate the new and/or revised requirements of this standard into their product development or production system. The committee re
48、commends that suppliers complete and implement design changes for new machinery and machinery systems within 30 months of the approval of this standard. American National Standard B11.162014 (MPIF #47) vii The committee recommends that users evaluate whether existing machinery and machinery systems
49、have acceptable risk within 30 months of the approval date of this standard using generally recognized risk assessment methods. If the risk assessment shows that modification(s) is necessary, refer to the requirements of this standard to implement risk reduction measures (protective measures) for appropriate risk reduction. DEVELOPMENT The standard was processed by B11 Standards, Inc., as the ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organization, and approved by the ANSI B11 Accredited Stand
