1、 i ANSI B11.232002 (R2012) American National Standard for Machines Safety Requirements for Machining Centers and Automatic, Numerically Controlled Milling, Drilling and Boring Machines Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 14 JUNE
2、2002 Reaffirmed: 27 November 2012 American National Standards Institute COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Copyright 2012 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or othe
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20、905, USA Copyright 2012 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii Table of Contents Page FORE
21、WORD V EXPLANATION OF THE FORMAT OF THIS STANDARD, AND ANSI B11 CONVENTIONS VII INTRODUCTION . VIII 1 SCOPE 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3 DEFINITIONS 3 4 RESPONSIBILITY 6 4.1 SUPPLIERS RESPONSIBILITY . 6 4.2 USERS RESPONSIBILITY 7 4.3 PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITY 9 5 HAZARD CONTROL 10 5.1 TASK AND HAZARD
22、 IDENTIFICATION . 10 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT / RISK REDUCTION 11 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION . 12 6.1 GENERAL . 12 6.2 COMPONENT SELECTION 12 6.3 MACHINE CONTROLS 12 6.4 MODES OF OPERATION 12 6.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 12 6.6 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS 13 6.7 EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES 15 6.8 STORED ENERGY
23、 . 15 6.9 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCES . 16 6.10 PERFORMANCE OF SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) 16 6.11 MACHINE STARTING 16 6.12 STOP AND EMERGENCY STOP CONTROLS 16 6.13 OPERATOR CONTROL STATIONS . 17 6.14 MANUALLY OPERATED CONTROL DEVICES . 17 6.15 INDICATORS. 20 6.16 ANTI-MOTION MECHANISMS OR COUNTER-BALANCE
24、 SYSTEMS 20 6.17 POWER-OPERATED WORKHOLDING . 21 6.18 COOLANT SYSTEMS 21 6.19 TOOL HOLDER RETENTION . 22 6.20 ELIMINATION OF, OR PROTECTION FROM INHERENT HAZARDS 23 6.21 SAFEGUARDING . 24 6.22 ACCESS TO MACHINE PARTS 28 6.23 EJECTED PARTS OR FLUIDS . 28 6.24 VIEWING WINDOWS . 28 6.25 STRUCTURAL INTE
25、GRITY 28 6.26 NOISE . 28 6.27 MIST, FUMES, VAPORS AND DUST 29 6.28 ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 29 iii 6.29 ENERGY SUPPLY FAILURES. 29 6.30 ERRORS OF FITTING 30 6.31 LIFTING OF MACHINE COMPONENTS 30 7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND START-UP 30 7.1 GENERAL . 30 7.2 LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION 30 7.3 TESTI
26、NG AND START-UP . 31 8 SAFEGUARDING 31 8.1 GENERAL . 31 8.2 GUARDS . 31 8.3 SAFEGUARDING DEVICES 32 8.4 AWARENESS BARRIERS AND DEVICES . 33 8.5 SAFEGUARDING AGAINST SPECIFIC HAZARDS . 33 8.6 SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 34 8.7 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) . 35 9 SET-UP, OPERATION AND MAINTEN
27、ANCE . 36 9.1 GENERAL . 36 9.2 MACHINE SETUP PROCEDURES . 36 9.3 SAFEGUARDING . 36 9.4 MAINTENANCE 37 9.5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . 38 9.6 TRAINING . 38 9.7 SUPERVISION . 39 9.8 INITIATION OF NORMAL OPERATION 39 ANNEX A FIGURES 40 ANNEX B - LIST OF HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS . 43 ANNEX C
28、 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) 46 ANNEX D SAFETY DISTANCE 47 v Foreword (This Foreword is not part of the requirements of American National Standard B11.23-2002) The primary objective of this standard is to eliminate or control hazards to personnel associated with machining centers a
29、nd automatic numerically controlled milling, drilling and boring machines by establishing requirements for the construction, operation and maintenance of these machines. To accomplish this objective, responsibilities have been assigned to the supplier (e.g., manufacturer, rebuilder, reconstructor, i
30、nstaller, integrator), the user, and personnel in the working environment. This standard began development in the late 1990s after recognition of the need for a safety standard to address the supplier and user needs involving these machines, and approved by ANSI in 2002. This American National Stand
31、ard was reaffirmed by ANSI in 2007, and again in 2012. The words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. Safety begins with good design. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries, it is recognized that risk factors cannot be practically reduced to zero in any human activity. This stand
32、ard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training, job monotony, fatigue and experience are safety factors that must be considered by the user. Machining centers and automatic numerically controlled milling, drilling and boring machines, and
33、 associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the requirements or explanatory area of this
34、standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. EFFECTIVE DATE The following is informative guidance only, and not a normative part of this standard. This Subcommittee recognizes that some period of time after the approval date on the title page of this document is necessary
35、 for suppliers and users to develop new designs, or modify existing designs or manufacturing processes in order to incorporate the new or revised requirements of this standard into their product development or production system. This Subcommittee recommends that suppliers complete and implement desi
36、gn changes for new machines within 30 months of the approval of this standard. For existing or modified machines, this Subcommittee recommends that users should confirm that the equipment / process has tolerable risk using generally recognized risk assessment methods within 30 months of the approval
37、 date of this standard. If the risk assessment shows that modification(s) is necessary, refer to the requirements of this standard to implement protective measures for appropriate risk reduction. Inquiries with respect to the application or the substantive requirements of this standard, and suggesti
38、ons for its improvement are welcomed, and should be sent to the B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269-09054206, Attention: B11 Secretariat. This standard was prepared by the B11.23 Subcommittee, processed and submitted for ANSI approval by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee on Safety
39、 Standards for Machine Tools. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was reaffirmed as an American National Standard, the ANSI B11 Accredited Standards Committee was composed of the following member
40、organizations: Alan Metelsky, PE, Chairman Barry Boggs, Vice-Chairman David A. Felinski, Secretary vi Organizations Represented Name of Representative Delegate Alternate Aerospace Industries Association of America Willard Wood Lisa Goldberg / Chris Carnahan Aluminum Extruders Council Melvin Mitchell
41、 Scott Burkett American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE,CSP Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Bensman Alan Metelsky The Boeing Company Don Nelson Lance Chandler, PE Canadian Standards Association Elizabeth Rankin, CRSP Walter Veugen Deere no deviatio
42、n is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a preferred method or course of action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physical or causal, and the term “MAY” denotes a permissible cour
43、se of action within the limits of the standard. B11 conventions: Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column of this standard unless they are of such nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in compliance with the st
44、andard. The B11 standards do not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “OR” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both. A distinction between the terms “individual” and “personnel” is drawn. Individual includes personnel (employees, subcontractors, consultants, or ot
45、her contract workers under the indirect control of the supplier or user) but also encompasses persons who are not under the direct or indirect control of the supplier or user (e.g., visitors, vendors, etc.). Gauge refers to a measuring or testing instrument; gage refers to limiting device (e.g., bac
46、kgage). Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269-0905 - Attention: B11 Secretariat. viii Introduction The primary purpose of every machine tool is to process parts. This is accomplished by the machine impar
47、ting process energy onto the workpiece. Inadvertent interference with, or accidental misdirection of the released energy during production, maintenance, commissioning and de-commissioning may result in injury. The purpose of the ANSI B11 series of machine safety standards is to devise and propose wa
48、ys to minimize risks of the potential hazards. This can be accomplished by an appropriate machine design, by restricting personnel and other individuals access to hazard areas, and by devising work procedures to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous situations. This is the essence of the ANSI B11
49、 series of machine safety standards. The responsibility for the alleviation of these risks is divided between the equipment supplier, its user and its operating personnel, as follows (numbers in parentheses refer to the clause numbers in these standards which address that responsibility): Figure 1 Typical layout of B11 base standards showing the various responsibilities ix Figure 1 (previous page) provides an overview of this standard and in particular, the responsibilities of and requirements for the supplier and user, including the user personnel. Number
