1、 i ANSI B11.252015 American National Standard for Machines Safety Requirements for Large Machines Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 7 APRIL 2015 by the American National Standards Institute COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Copyrigh
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18、he Secretariat for current status information on this, or other B11 standards. Published by: B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269-0905, USA Copyright 2015 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced i
19、n any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii Table of Contents Page Contents FOREWORD V INTRODUCTION IX 1 SCOPE 10 1.1 EXCLUSIONS . 10 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 11 3 DEFINITIONS . 13 4 RESPONSIBILITY . 13 4.1 SUPPLIER RESPONSIBILI
20、TIES . 13 4.2 USER RESPONSIBILITIES 14 4.3 MODIFIER RESPONSIBILITIES 14 4.4 PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES 14 5 RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS . 14 5.1 GENERAL 14 5.2 TASKS . 16 5.3 POTENTIAL HAZARDS . 17 5.3.1 Reasonably foreseeable hazards 17 5.3.2 Hazards not associated with tasks . 18 6 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTIO
21、N, RECONSTRUCTION, AND MODIFICATION . 19 6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE MACHINES . 19 6.2 RISK REDUCTION MEASURES 20 6.2.1 Hydraulic / pneumatic aspects . 20 6.2.2 Troubleshooting, set-up or maintenance . 21 6.2.3 Entrapment 21 6.2.4 Tripping hazards 21 6.2.5 Lighting 22 6.2.6 Concurrent tool ch
22、anges 22 6.2.7 Stopping time / distance . 22 6.2.8 Part transfer. 22 6.2.9 Moving work station 22 6.3 LADDERS, WORK PLATFORMS, AND WALKWAYS . 22 6.4 ENTERING THE WORKING ENVELOPE 24 6.5 TOTALLY ENCLOSED LARGE MACHINES 25 6.5.1 Risk reduction measures 25 6.6 LAYOUT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 25 6.7 ELECTRIC
23、AL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS . 26 6.7.1 Grounding and shielding . 26 6.7.2 Interferences 26 6.7.3 Fluctuation or interruption of power sources 26 6.8 MODES OF OPERATION 26 6.8.1 Automatic mode(s) . 26 6.8.2 Manual mode(s) . 27 6.8.3 Mode design . 27 6.8.4 Mode selection . 27 6.8.5 Process observation .
24、 28 6.9 LOCAL CONTROL 28 iii 6.10 ISOLATION OF POWER SOURCES 29 6.11 STORED ENERGY . 29 6.12 CONTROL OF GRAVITY INDUCED MOTION . 30 6.13 EMERGENCY MOVEMENT 30 6.14 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED PARTS OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM. 30 6.15 CONTROL SYSTEM RESET 30 6.16 SYSTEM STARTING/RESTARTING . 31 6.17
25、EMERGENCY STOP 31 6.17.1 Emergency stop function 31 6.17.2 Emergency stop devices . 32 6.17.3 Recovery from emergency stop 32 6.18 FLUID IMPACT ON OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND EQUIPMENT . 32 6.18.1 Slip hazard . 32 6.19 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS . 33 6.19.1 Power transmission components 33 6.19
26、.2 Powered moving parts . 33 6.19.3 Broken or falling machine components or equipment . 33 6.19.4 Contact with high-temperature surfaces or components . 33 6.19.5 Contact with sharp edges, corners, and projections 33 6.20 SAFEGUARDING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 34 6.21 EJECTED PARTS OR FLUIDS . 34 6.22 VIE
27、WING PANELS/WINDOWS . 35 6.23 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY 35 6.24 NOISE . 35 6.25 ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS . 36 6.26 LOCATION OF AWARENESS DEVICES . 36 6.27 ERRORS OF FITTING 36 6.28 MACHINE STABILITY 36 6.29 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS . 36 6.30 REQUIREMENTS FOR REBUILD OR MODIFICATIONS . 37 7 LAYOUT, INST
28、ALLATION, TESTING no deviation is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a preferred method or course of action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physical or causal, and the term “MA
29、Y” denotes a permissible course of action within the limits of the standard. B11 conventions: Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column of this standard unless they are of such nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to ass
30、ist in conformance with the standard. The B11 standards generally use the term “OR” as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both, but on occasion will use the term “and/or” to emphasize the fact that both are fully intended in cases where the Subcommittee believed it was imperative
31、to make that clear. A distinction between the terms “individual” and “personnel” is drawn. Individual includes personnel (employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other contract workers under the indirect control of the supplier or user) but also encompasses persons who are not under the direct or
32、 indirect control of the supplier or user (e.g., visitors, vendors, etc.). vii DEVELOPMENT This standard was prepared by the B11.25 Subcommittee, processed and submitted for ANSI approval by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee on Safety Standards for Machines. Committee approval of this standard
33、does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved as an American National Standard, the ANSI B11 Accredited Standards Committee was composed of the following Members: Alan Metelsky, Chairman Barry Boggs, Vice-Chairman David Felinski,
34、 Secretary Organizations Represented Name of Representative Delegate Alternate Aluminum Extruders Council Melvin Mitchell Scott Burkett American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE, CSP Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Bensman Alan Metelsky The Boeing C
35、ompany Don Nelson Will Wood Canadian Standards Association Jill Collins Walter Veugen Deere Workplace, Floor, Wall and Roof Openings; Stairs and Guardrails Systems ANSI / ASSE A1264.2-2012 Standard for the Provision of Slip Resistance on Walking/Working Surfaces AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11.252015
36、 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION 12 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. ANSI / ASSE Z117.1-2009 Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces ANSI B11.20-2004 (2009) Safety Requirements for Integrated Manufacturing Systems ANSI B11.26-201x Functional Safety: Design principles and the Practical Applicat
37、ion of ISO 13849-1 Note: At the time of publication, ANSI B11.26 had not yet been approved. ANSI B11.TR1-2015 Ergonomic Guidelines for the Design, Installation and Use of Machine Tools ANSI B11.TR5-2006 Sound Level Measurement Guidelines; A guide for measuring, evaluating, documenting and reporting
38、sound levels emitted by machinery ANSI / ITSDF B56.5-2012 Safety Standard for Driverless, Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles and Automated Functions of Manned Industrial Vehicles ANSI / RIA R15.06-2012 American National Standard for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems Safety Requirements ASME B20.
39、1-2012 Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment ANSI / ASME B30.13-2011 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated Equipment Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings NFPA 101-2015 Life Safety Code ANSI O1.1-2013 Woodworking Machinery Safety Re
40、quirements ISO 13854:1996 Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body ISO 23125:2010 Machine tools - safety - turning machines ISO 4413:2010 Hydraulic fluid power General rules related to systems ISO 4414:2010 Pneumatic fluid power General rules related to systems A
41、MERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11.252015 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION 13 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, in addition to the definitions below, the definitions in ANSI B11.0 also apply. 3.1 concurrent tool change: The change of tooling that occur
42、s at the same time as other operations or functions are being performed on a machine. E3.1 For example, removal or insertion of a tool in a chuck or tool holding device. 3.2 hazard zone: Any space within and/or around a machine in which a person can be exposed to a hazard. Also referred to as: hazar
43、d area or hazard space. 3.3 large machine: a machine : with a work envelope equal to or greater than two cubic meters (2 m3) or 2 meters of linear axis travel; a turning machine or turning centers designed to accept work holding devices greater than 500 mm (20 inches) outside diameter and with a dis
44、tance between centers greater than 2 meters (80 inches); where personnel are regularly required to enter into the working envelope to perform work or tasks. E3.3 Entering into the “working envelope” typically means walking or stepping into the envelope, as opposed to accessing the area with a hand o
45、r arm. 3.4 swarf: Fine filings or shavings removed by a cutting tool. 3.5 totally enclosed machine: A machine where the machining envelope is enclosed on all sides with no or minimal openings at the top. E3.5 Minimal openings would be small enough to contain the smallest expected flying object or pr
46、ojectile. 3.6 zone: A segmented space within a large machine. 4 Responsibility Machine suppliers and users have responsibilities for defining and achieving acceptable risk. See ANSI B11.0 (clause 4). 4.1 Supplier responsibilities Within the scope of their work activity, the supplier(s) shall be resp
47、onsible to ensure that the design, construction, modification, installation and safeguarding are in accordance with clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11.252015 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION 14 2015 B11 Standards, Inc. 4.2 User responsibilities Within the scope of its
48、 work activity, the user shall be responsible for identifying and mitigating sources of risk, including point of operation hazards associated with the installation, set-up and operation and maintenance of the machine and machine production system in accordance with clauses 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10. 4.3 Mod
49、ifier responsibilities Within the scope of their work activity, the modifier(s) of a large machine shall be responsible to ensure that the design, construction, modification, installation and safeguarding are in accordance with clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8. 4.4 Personnel responsibilities E4.4 Personnel shall be responsible for following the training and safety procedures provided by the user in the operation and maintenance of the machine or machine production system, in accordance with clause 9. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
