1、i ANSI B11.82001 (R2012) American National Standard for Machines Safety Requirements for Manual Milling, Drilling and Boring Machines with or without Automatic Control Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 11 DECEMBER 2001 Reaffirme
2、d: 27 November 2012 American National Standards Institute COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Copyright 2012 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
3、 the prior written permission of B11 Standards, Inc. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS By approving this American National Standard, the ANSI Board of Standards Review confirms that the requirements for due process, consensus, balance and openness have been met by B11 Standards, Inc. (the ANSI-accredited
4、standards developing organization). American National Standards are developed through a consensus process. Consensus is established when substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessa
5、rily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward resolution. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While B11 Standards, Inc
6、. administers the process and establishes procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards
7、 or guidelines. American National Standards are promulgated through ANSI for voluntary use; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming
8、to the standards. However, users, distributors, regulatory bodies, certification agencies and others concerned may apply American National Standards as mandatory requirements in commerce and industry. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances g
9、ive an interpretation of an American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the Secretariat (B11
10、 Standards, Inc.). B11 Standards, Inc. makes no warranty, either expressed or implied as to the fitness of merchantability or accuracy of the information contained within this standard, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purp
11、oses or needs. B11 Standards, Inc. disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application or reliance on this document. B11 S
12、tandards, Inc. does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide, nor does it take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with the items which are mentioned
13、 in or are the subject of this document, and B11 Standards, Inc. disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on this document. Users of this document are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of i
14、nfringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. In publishing or making this document available, B11 Standards, Inc. is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is B11 Standards, Inc. undertaking to perform any duty owed
15、 by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment, or as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. B11 Standards, Inc. has no power, nor doe
16、s it undertake to police or enforce conformance to the requirements of this document. B11 Standards, Inc. does not certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of conformance to any health or safety-related informati
17、on in this document shall not be attributable to B11 Standards, Inc. and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that
18、action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. You may contact the Secretariat for current status information on this, or other B11 standards. Individuals interested in obtaining up-to-date information on standards can access this information at http:www.nssn.org (or by
19、 contacting ANSI). NSSN - A National Resource for Global Standards, provides a central point to search for standards information from worldwide sources and can connect those who seek standards to those who supply them. Published by: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269,-0905 USA Copyrigh
20、t 2012 by the B11 Standards, Inc All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii TABLE of CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD (THIS FOR
21、EWORD IS NOT PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD B11.8-2001 R2012) IV EXPLANATION OF THE FORMAT OF THE STANDARD VI INTRODUCTION VII 1 SCOPE 1 1.1 MANUAL MILLING, DRILLING AND BORING MACHINES . 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3 DEFINITIONS 2 4 RESPONSIBILITY. 6 4.1 SUPPLIERS RESPONSIBIL
22、ITY . 6 4.2 USERS RESPONSIBILITY . 7 4.3 PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITY 9 5 HAZARD CONTROL 10 5.1 TASK AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION . 10 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT / RISK REDUCTION 11 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION . 12 6.1 GENERAL 12 6.2 COMPONENT SELECTION 12 6.3 MACHINE CONTROLS 12 6.4 DESCRIPTION OF MODES OF OPERATI
23、ON 12 6.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 13 6.6 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS. 13 6.7 EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES . 15 6.8 STORED ENERGY 16 6.9 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCES 16 6.10 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) . 16 6.11 MACHINE STARTING. 16 6.12 STOP AND EMERGENCY STOP CONTROLS . 17 6.13 OPERATOR CONTR
24、OL STATIONS 18 6.14 MANUALLY OPERATED CONTROL DEVICES 18 6.15 INDICATORS 20 6.16 ANTI-MOTION MECHANISMS OR COUNTER-BALANCE ON SLIDE MECHANISMS 20 6.17 POWER-OPERATED WORKHOLDING . 21 6.18 COOLANT SYSTEMS 21 6.19 TOOL RETENTION . 22 6.20 ELIMINATION OF, OR PROTECTION FROM INHERENT HAZARDS 22 6.21 SAF
25、EGUARDING . 24 6.22 ACCESS TO MACHINE PARTS . 26 6.23 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY 26 6.24 NOISE 26 6.25 MIST, FUMES, VAPORS AND DUST 27 6.26 ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS . 27 6.27 ENERGY SUPPLY FAILURES . 27 iii 6.28 ERRORS OF FITTING 27 6.29 LIFTING OF MACHINE COMPONENTS 27 7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND
26、 START-UP 28 7.1 GENERAL 28 7.2 LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION 28 7.3 TESTING AND START-UP . 29 8 SAFEGUARDING 29 8.1 GENERAL 29 8.2 GUARDS 29 8.3 SAFEGUARDING DEVICES 30 8.4 AWARENESS BARRIERS AND DEVICES 31 8.5 SAFEGUARDING AGAINST SPECIFIC HAZARDS 31 8.6 SAFE WORK PROCEDURES . 32 8.7 PERFORMANCE OF THE
27、SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) . 32 9 SET-UP, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE . 33 9.1 GENERAL 33 9.2 MACHINE SETUP PROCEDURES 33 9.3 SAFEGUARDING . 34 9.4 MAINTENANCE 35 9.5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . 35 9.6 TRAINING 36 9.7 SUPERVISION . 37 9.8 INITIATION OF NORMAL OPERATION 37 Annex A: Examples of Guard
28、ing of Manual Milling, Drilling and Boring Machines. 38 Annex B: List of Hazards and Hazardous Situations . 41 Annex C Performance of the Safety-Related Function(s) 44 iv Foreword (This foreword is not part of the requirements of American National Standard B11.8-2001 R2012) The primary objective of
29、this standard is to eliminate or control hazards to personnel associated with manual milling, drilling and boring machines by establishing requirements for the construction, operation and maintenance of these machines. To accomplish this objective, responsibilities have been assigned to the supplier
30、 (e.g., manufacturer, rebuilder, reconstructor, installer, integrator), the user, and personnel in the working environment. The words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. Safety begins with good design. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries, it is recognized that risk factors ca
31、nnot be practically reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training, job monotony, fatigue and experience are safety factors that must be considered by the user. Manual milling, drilling and
32、 boring machines, and associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the requirements or expl
33、anatory area of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. EFFECTIVE DATE The following information on effective dates is informative guidance only, and not a normative part of this standard. This subcommittee recognizes that some period of time after the approval
34、date on the title page of this document is necessary for suppliers and users to develop new designs, or modify existing designs or manufacturing processes in order to incorporate the new or revised requirements of this standard into their product development or production system. This subcommittee r
35、ecommends that suppliers complete and implement design changes for new machines and machinery systems within 30 months of the approval of this standard. The subcommittee recommends that users evaluate whether existing machinery and machinery systems have acceptable risk within 30 months of the appro
36、val date of this standard using generally recognized risk assessment methods. If the risk assessment shows that modification(s) is necessary, refer to the requirements of this standard to implement risk reduction measures (risk reduction measures) for appropriate risk reduction. Inquiries with respe
37、ct to the application or the substantive requirements of this standard, and suggestions for its improvement, are welcomed and should be sent to B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269, Attention: B11 Secretariat. This standard was prepared by the B11.8 Subcommittee, processed and submitte
38、d for ANSI approval by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee on Safety Standards for Machines. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was reaffirmed as an American National Standard, the ANSI B11 Ac
39、credited Standards Committee was composed of the following member organizations: Alan Metelsky, Chairman Barry Boggs, Vice-Chairman David Felinski, Secretary v Organizations Represented Name of Representative Delegate Alternate Aerospace Industries Association of America Willard Wood Lisa Goldberg /
40、 Chris Carnahan Aluminum Extruders Council Melvin Mitchell Scott Burkett American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE,CSP Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Bensman Alan Metelsky The Boeing Company Don Nelson Lance Chandler, PE Canadian Standards Associat
41、ion Elizabeth Rankin, CRSP Walter Veugen Deere no deviation is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a preferred method or course of action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physica
42、l or causal, and the term “MAY” denotes a permissible course of action within the limits of the standard. By convention, the B11 standards do not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “OR” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both. Suggestions for improvement of thi
43、s standard will be welcome. They should be sent to B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269, Attention: B11 Secretariat. vii Introduction The primary purpose of every machine tool is to process parts. This is accomplished by the machine imparting process energy onto the workpiece. Inadverte
44、nt interference with, or accidental misdirection of the released energy during production, maintenance, commissioning and de-commissioning may result in injury. The purpose of the ANSI B11 series of machine tool safety standards is to devise and propose ways to minimize risks of the potential hazard
45、s. This can be accomplished by an appropriate machine design, by restricting personnel and other individuals access to hazard areas, and by devising work procedures to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous situations. This is the essence of the ANSI B11 series of safety standards. The responsibil
46、ity for the alleviation of these risks is divided between the equipment supplier, its user and its operating personnel, as follows (numbers in parentheses refer to the clause numbers in these standards which address that responsibility): Figure 1 Typical layout of B11 base standards showing the vari
47、ous responsibilities viii Figure 1 (previous page) provides an overview of this standard and in particular, the responsibilities of and requirements for the supplier and user, including the user personnel. Numbers in parentheses denote the particular clause or subclause of the standard. A solid line
48、 between a block showing reference standard(s) and a block showing a normative clause denotes part of the requirements. A dashed line denotes an informative reference. Notes for Figure 1: 1) Scope Provides the boundaries or limits of the standard (i.e., what is/is not included in the coverage or req
49、uirements). 2) Normative references Other standards which in whole or in part provide additional requirements when referenced in the normative text (i.e., left-hand column of clauses 4 9) of this standard. 3) Definitions Terms used in this standard in a unique or particular manner, together with their definitions (terms used in the same context as are generally understood and commonly used in everyday English are not defined). 4) Responsibility The general responsibilities of the supplier (builder), user, and the user personnel are listed in clause 4 togeth
