1、American National Standards Institute11 West 42nd StreetNew York, New York10036ANSI B3.3-1992ANSI B3.3-1992for Rolling Element Bearings Aircraft Engine, Engine Gearbox,and Accessory Applications Surface Temper EtchANSIB3.3-1992American National Standardfor Rolling Element Bearings Aircraft Engine, E
2、ngine Gearbox,and Accessory Applications Surface Temper EtchSecretariatAnti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc.Approved February 21, 1992American National Standards Institute, Inc.AmericanNationalStandardApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSIthat the req
3、uirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria forapproval have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directlyand materially affected interests. Substantial agreemen
4、t means much morethan a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requiresthat all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort bemade toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect pr
5、eclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of
6、 any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be ad-dressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears
7、 on the title pageof this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American Natio
8、nal Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.Published byAmerican National Standards Institute11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1992 by American National Standards InstituteAll rights reserved.No par
9、t of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaAPS2C592/18ContentsPageiForeword ii1 Scope12 Normative references.13 Definitions .14 Requirements 25 Test method
10、s .36 Acceptance limits.77 Records.7Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard B3.3-1992.)This American National Standard was prepared by a task force consistingof representatives of companies which manufacture rolling element bear-ings and aircraft, or aircraft engines, or bo
11、th, in the United States. Thisstandard is issued by the Accredited Standards Committee B3 of theAmerican National Standards Institute as an industrial standard that isintended to be used by aircraft manufacturers, or aircraft engine manufac-turers, or both, for the procurement of rolling element bea
12、rings for aircraftengine and accessory applications. (This document parallels MIL-STD-867A (USAF), Military standard temper etch inspection.)Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They shouldbe sent to the Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc., 1101Connecticut
13、Avenue, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036.This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by theAccredited Standards Committee on Ball and Roller Bearings, B3.Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all com-mittee members voted for its approval. At the ti
14、me it approved this standard,the B3 Committee had the following members:Gene Looft, ChairmanRobert H. Feest, Vice-ChairmanGary T. Satterfield, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAnti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, IncRobert H. FeestCameron GardellaP.S. GivenC.A. Gri
15、ffithsW.G. LooftP.S. OrvosB. PrattS.J. PuckettDefense Industrial SupplyLeon SilvermanHydraulic InstituteR. Barry EricksonAllen P. Wherry (Alt.)National Machine Tool Builders Association .L.E. RemillardSociety of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers E.E. PfaffenbergerU.S. Department of the Navy .Ad
16、elbert J. DurigIndividual MembersW.J. AndersonG.W. ArgadineArthur L. ButterworthJ.C. ClarkW.J. DernerJoseph W. Lenski, Jr.Quoc NguyenWilliam E. PooleJohn E. SagueE. Zaretskyii1 ScopeDuring the manufacture of bearing compo-nents, there are many grinding processeswhich must be carefully controlled. Th
17、esegrinding processes can cause excessive local-ized heating of the metal being worked andresult in altering the metallurgical structure ofthe alloy. An inspection method of etching theground surface of these alloys with acids per-mits detection of those altered structures. Thisspecification for tem
18、per etch inspection detailsthe methods and controls for performing etch-ing of ground surfaces for the detection, qualifi-cation, and control of altered metallurgicalstructures of various metallic alloys subjectedto grinding.This specification presents two basic methodsof etch, one of alcohol base a
19、nd another ofwater base, in addition to use of a photo-graphic gray scale to control bath immersiontimes and part etching levels. This standardparallels MIL-STD-867A (USAF), Military stan-dard temper etch inspection.1)2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisionswhich, through ref
20、erence in this text, consti-tute provisions of this American NationalStandard. At the time of publication, the edi-tions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this American National Standard areencouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplyi
21、ng the most recent editions of the stan-dards indicated below.ANSI/SAE ARP 1923, Qualification and certifi-cation of etch inspectorsMIL-STD 867A-1979, Military standard temperetch inspection1)3 Definitions3.1 critical surfaces: Bearing critical sur-faces are the surfaces of balls, rollers, andracewa
22、ys.3.2 tempering: Areas darker in color thanthe surrounding etched surfaces indicatelower surface hardness. The areas affectedare recognized as dark gray to black in color.The burnt condition may be produced byabnormal tempering as a result of localizedoverheating due to abusive grinding.3.3 reharde
23、ning: Areas white or very muchlighter in color than the surrounding etchedsurfaces indicate higher surface hardness.The areas affected may be recognized aswhite islands surrounded by a border of tem-pered metal (black). The rehardened conditionis produced by localized overheating thatexceeds the cri
24、tical temperature of the metal.The rehardening condition is the result of verysevere abusive grinding.3.4 decarburization: Areas lighter in colorthan the surrounding unburnt areas indicate alower surface hardness. This discrepancy isunrelated to abusive grinding. These areas aredeficient in carbon (
25、decarburization) and areproduced by certain heat treatment conditions.3.5 false indications: Indications caused bysmears, stains, certain wheel patterns, buffingwheel patterns, smutty finishes, fingerprints,1American National Standardfor Rolling Element Bearings Aircraft Engine, Engine Gearbox,and A
26、ccessory Applications Surface Temper EtchAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI B3.3-19921)Available from the Naval Publications and Forms Center, Attention NPFC-3064, 5801 Tabor Avenue,Philadelphia, PA 19120.ing from overstress of the material duringsolidification.3.18 inclusion: An entrapped foreign mat-
27、erial particle retained in the metal during solidi-fication, irregular in shape and dark-colored incontrast to the normal metallic shiny surface.3.19 tool marks: Recurring undulations orirregularities.3.20 grinding tears: A deep narrowscratch, parallel to the lay of the surface,sometimes with a hole
28、 at one end, resultingfrom material being pulled during a grinding orhoning operation. The scratch and the holeare commonly known as a comet tail andcomet head, respectively.4 Requirements4.1 General requirementsTemper etch inspection is performed onground surfaces of various steel alloys. Allparts
29、shall be 100% inspected. Alloys applica-ble to this inspection are from the followinggroups:4.1.1 52100 type alloysThese alloys are as follows: SAE 52100; SAE4140; SAE 4330; SAE 4340, 300M, D6AC;SAE 4620, 9310, AMS 6260, 8620, etc.4.1.2 M-50 type alloysThese alloys are: through-hardened J-11,M-50, M
30、-2, H-13, etc., and case-carburized M-50 NIL, etc.4.1.3 Visual inspection areasThe visual inspection areas shall be illumi-nated by a minimum of 200 ft-candles (2000lux) at inspection level. The white lightintensity shall be checked at minimum on asemi-annual basis, and a calibration stickerplaced o
31、n the fixture.4.1.4 Surface temper inspectionSurface temper inspection shall be donebefore any plating, shot peening, sandblast-ing, or other surface process such as blackoxide coating and manganese phosphatecoating.and corrosion shall not be considered truetemper indications.3.6 Kodak paper gray sc
32、ale: Photographicgray scale #906GS171 calibrated. Used tocompare to etched parts for setting immersiontimes or to determine acceptable etching.3.7 nital etch: A process that makes possi-ble the study of steel grain structures, softspots, and grinding damage by dipping theparts into nitric acid, alco
33、hol, and water.3.8 nicks, dents, or indentations: Depres-sions or hollows on a surface made bymechanical injuries to the surface, such asfrom pressure or blows by hard objectsagainst the finished surface. These generallyappear the same as the unmarred surfacearound, and are visible only by virtue of
34、 lightreflection caused by the change in uniformityof the surface. Typically these defects arebright-bottomed.3.9 wheel chatter: Recurring undulations orirregularities on the finished surface normallyresulting from grinding wheel skips or externalvibration.3.10 scratch: A linear depression with asha
35、rp bottom caused by movement of a sharpobject or particle across the surface.3.11 cracks: A separation, fissure, or rup-ture of material surface characterized bysharp edges or sharp changes in direction, orboth, usually narrow and linear.3.12 lap: Folding of metal onto itself duringmechanical deform
36、ation, entrapping oxides orfilms.3.13 seam: A linear imperfection caused byfolding over of metal edges during rolling orforging operations, discontinuities in material(see also lap).3.14 microshrinkage: Linear or nonlineardiscontinuities of varying forms caused bydecrease in volume during solidifica
37、tion.3.15 porosity: A series of holes or pitscaused by air or gas trapped in the metal dur-ing solidification.3.16 cold shut: Intermittent or continuouslines caused by unfused material.3.17 hot tears: Linear fractures in the formof ragged, wavy lines of variable width result-ANSI B3.3-19922ANSI B3.3
38、-19924.1.5 Nonvisual inspection activityThe inspector shall have 15 min of nonvisualinspection activity after 2 hours of continuoushigh visual concentration.4.1.6 Post-etch grindingPost-etch grinding of faces and external ringcorners of rolling element bearings is permit-ted without reinspection, pr
39、ovided each grind-ing pass is limited to 0.001 in (0.025 mm)maximum stock removal.4.1.7 Magnetic particle inspectionMagnetic particle inspection, if specified, shallbe done prior to temper etch inspection.4.2 Inspection personnel requirements4.2.1 All surface temper inspection person-nel (operators
40、and inspectors) shall be certi-fied by the customer in accordance with therequirements outlined in ANSI/SAE ARP 1923.The recertification period may be altered tothat permitted by MIL-STD-867A by agreementbetween customer and bearing manufacturer.4.2.2 All applicants shall have a minimum of4 hours of
41、 formal classroom training.4.2.3 All applicants shall have at least onemonth of on-the-job training in the temper etchprocess prior to certification.5 Test methodsThe choice of method described below is left tothe bearing manufacturer, with the exception ofthe material restrictions noted. All etchan
42、ts areto be technical grade acids.5.1 Etch method (52100 type)5.1.1 CleaningParts shall be cleaned preferably by immer-sion in a hot detergent solution. Alternativecleaning may be used as long as acceptablyclean parts are obtained.5.1.2 RinseOne, preferably two, tanks of cold overflowingwater 10 s m
43、inimum.5.1.3 DryAir blow to remove excess water that mayaffect the concentration of the etch bath. (Thisapplies if an alcohol acid solution is used foretching; alternatively, an alcohol rinse may beused.)5.1.4 Nitric acid etchParts shall be immersed in a solution of nitricacid and water or alcohol f
44、or approximately 15to 60 s, or until a uniform gray color isobtained. Immersion time can be adjusted toobtain a gray level equivalent to the rangebetween 0.67 to 1.35 inclusive using a Kodakpaper gray scale #906GS171, or equivalent,as a reference. The total range of the etchantshall be 1.0 to 4.0% b
45、y volume and controlledto an operating range of 1.0% at room temper-ature, 60 to 90F (15.5 to 32.2C).NOTE Water-based solution will etch muchmore quickly; therefore, the gray color will be thetime determining function.5.1.5 RinseUse cold overflowing water, 10 s minimum.5.1.6 DryAir blow to remove ex
46、cess water that mayaffect the concentration of the etch bath. (Thisapplies if an alcohol acid solution is used foretching; alternatively, an alcohol rinse may beused.)5.1.7 Muriatic acid etchParts shall be immersed in a solution of con-centrated muriatic acid and water or alcohol(five parts muriatic
47、 acid to 95 parts mix) for 1to 1-1/2 min. The operating range of theetchant shall be 4 to 6% by volume at roomtemperature, 60 to 90F (15.5 to 32.2C).5.1.8 RinseUse cold overflowing water, 10 s minimum.5.1.9 NeutralizeParts shall be immersed in a solution with apH of 10 minimum for at least 15 s. A b
48、lueresponse on pH paper will meet this require-ment.5.1.10 RinseUse cold overflowing water, 10 s minimum.5.1.11 DryAir blow to remove excess water, or placeparts in a controlled, water-displacing, rust-preventative oil bath, agitate, and then allow3gray scale #906GS171, or equivalent, as areference.
49、 The operating range of the etchantshall be 1.0 to 4.0% by volume and controlledto an operating range of 1.0% at room temper-ature, 60 to 90F (15.5 to 32.2C).5.2.8 RinseUse cold overflowing water, 10 s minimum.5.2.9 DryAir blow to remove excess water that mayaffect the concentration of the etch bath. (Thisapplies if an alcohol acid solution is used foretching; alternatively, an alcohol rinse may beused.)5.2.10 Second muriatic acid etchParts shall be immersed in a solution of con-centrated muriatic acid and alcohol or water (5parts concentrated, muriatic acid to 95 partsmix) fo
