1、ANSI/BHMA A156.28-2013 Revision of ANSI/BHMA A156.28 - 2007 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR MECHANICAL KEYING SYSTEMS SPONSOR BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE Approved August 12, 20132 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD An Ameri
2、can National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude
3、 anyone, whether he has approved the Standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTIC
4、E: This American National Standard is permitted to be withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National
5、Standards receive current information on all Standards by calling or writing The American National Standards Institute. Published by BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. 355 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10017 Copyright 2013 by the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, Inc
6、. Not to be reproduced without specific authorization from BHMA Printed in the USA This Standard was first published in August 2000 by the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, Inc. The Lock Industry Standards and Training Council (LIST) was a major contributor to the standard. This Standard
7、was approved by ANSI under the canvass method. BHMA was accredited on 21 March 1983 as a sponsor using the Canvass Method. 3 FOREWORD (This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/BHMA A156.28) The general classification of builders hardware includes a wide variety of items which are divided into several cat
8、egories including Cylinders and Auxiliary Locks, Section E. This Recommended Practice is the result of the collective efforts of members of the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, Inc. who manufacture these products. The total Product Standards effort is therefore a collection of sections,
9、each covering a specific category of items. This Standard Practice is not intended to obstruct but rather to encourage the development of improved products, methods and materials. The BHMA recognizes that errors will be found, items will become obsolete, and new products and methods will be develope
10、d. With this in mind, the Association will update, correct and revise these Standards on a regular basis. It should also be the responsibility of manufacturers to request such appropriate revisions. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE . 5 2. GENERAL . 5 3. DEFINITIONS . 5 4. SYSTEM PLANNING 8 5. SYSTEM DEV
11、ELOPMENT . 15 6. KEY MANAGEMENT . 15 7. MAINTENANCE Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. APPENDIX INDEXED MECHANICAL KEY CONTROL SYSTEMS17 5 1. SCOPE This recommended practice is intended for building owners, security professionals and others responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining secur
12、e keying systems. Minimize legal liability by providing industry proven guidelines. It covers system design, to provide design criteria to establish and maintain a secure keying system. The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for the essential keying conference, establish good practice
13、s for effective key management, and give building owners the ability to extend the life of keying systems to meet future demands. 2. GENERAL Master keying is the process of combinating a group of locks or cylinders, so that each is operated by its own change key as well as by a master key for the en
14、tire group. This process makes it more susceptible to picking through shear line manipulation, and by increasing the number of keys which operate it. A master key system stands little chance of serving the end users needs if it is not properly planned from its inception. The end user must be involve
15、d in planning and approving the keying system. The keying conference is the principal element of this process and its importance must not be minimized. The end users designated personnel or representative(s) with the proper level of authority over the final keying system must be present at this meet
16、ing. Use cylinders manufactured and certified to ANSI/BHMA A156.5 in the BHMA Certified Products Directory, to ensure consistent performance and durability. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.0 The following definitions are taken from The Professional Glossary of Terms Relating to Cylinders, Keys and Master Keying, c
17、opyright 1982 1998 by the Lock Industry Standards and Training (LIST) Council and the ALOA Sponsored National Task Group for Certified Training Programs. 3.1 Bitting The numbers which represent the dimensions of the key cut; or the actual cuts or combination of a key. 3.2 Bow The portion of a key wh
18、ich serves as a grip or handle. 3.3 Change Key A key which operates only one cylinder or one group of keyed alike cylinders in a keying system. 3.4 Concealed Key Control (CKC) A specification that all lock cylinders be marked with standard keying symbols in a location which is concealed while the cy
19、linder is installed. 3.5 Combinate To set a combination in a lock, cylinder or key. 3.6 Combination The group of numbers which represent the bitting of a key and/or the tumblers of a lock or cylinder. 6 3.7 Control Key A key whose only purpose is to remove or install an interchangeable or removable
20、core. 3.8 Construction Keys and Related Information 3.8.1 Construction Core An interchangeable or removable core designed for use during the construction phase of a building. The cores are normally keyed alike and, upon completion of construction, they are to be replaced by the permanent systems cor
21、es. Also called temporary cores. 3.8.2 Construction Master Key A key normally used by construction personnel for a temporary period during building construction. It may be rendered permanently inoperative without disassembling the cylinder. 3.8.3 Construction Master Keying Allows the end user to voi
22、d the operation of the construction key after construction is complete without dismantling the cylinder. 3.8.4 Temporary Cylinders Temporary keyed alike cylinders may be used during the construction of the facility. The temporary cylinders are replaced by the permanent cylinders when the building is
23、 occupied. This alternative has no adverse affects on the system capacity and is recommended. 3.9 Credentials The key media containing the combination code that identifies a user. 3.10 Cross Keying The deliberate process of combinating a cylinder (usually in a master key system) to two or more diffe
24、rent keys which would not normally be expected to operate together. 3.11 Declining Step Key A key whose cuts are progressively deeper from bow to tip. 3.12 Decoding Obtaining the dimensions of a key or cylinder without disassembling the cylinder. 3.13 Depth Key Set A set of keys used to make a code
25、original key on a key duplicating machine to a lock manufacturers given set of key bitting specifications. Each key is cut with the correct spacing to one depth only in all bitting positions, with one key for each depth. 3.14 Effective Changes Differences between cylinders of similar designs, achiev
26、ed only by the movable detainer, which allows each cylinder to be operated only by its own key. The number of effective changes is equal to the number of theoretical changes after deduction of the changes suppressed by the manufacturer due to technical constraints. Also called differs. 3.15 Grand Ma
27、ster Key (GMK) The key which operates two or more separate groups of locks, each operated by a different master key. 3.16 Grand Master Key System A master key system which has exactly three levels of keying. 3.17 Great Grand Master Key (GGMK) The key which operates two or more separate groups of loc
28、ks, which are each operated by a different grand master key. 3.18 Great Grand Master Key System A master key system which has exactly four levels of keying. 3.19 Incidental Master Key A key cut to an unplanned shear line created when the cylinder is combinated to the top master key and a change key.
29、 3.20 Key A properly combinated device specifically intended to operate a corresponding cylinder . 3.21 Keyway The opening in a lock or cylinder which is shaped to accept a key bit or blade of a proper configuration; or, the exact cross sectional configuration of a keyway as viewed from the front. 3
30、.22 Key Control System. A group of components enabling the user to contain and control the use of keys in an orderly and secure manner. The components include means of storage, identifying tags and record keeping materials. 3.23 Keyed Alike (KA) Of or pertaining to two or more locks or cylinders whi
31、ch have or are to have the same combination. They may or may not be a part of a keying system. 7 3.24 Key Blank Any material manufactured to the proper size and configuration, which allows its entry into the keyway of a specific locking device. A key blank has not yet been combinated or cut. 3.25 Ke
32、ying Conference A meeting of the end user and the key system supplier at which the keying and levels of keying, including future expansion, are determined and specified. 3.26 Keyed Different (KD) Of or pertaining to a group of locks or cylinders, each of which is or is to be combinated differently f
33、rom the others. They may or may not be part of a keying system. 3.27 Key Interchange An undesirable condition, usually in a master key system, whereby a key unintentionally operates a cylinder or lock. 3.28 Key Section The exact cross sectional configuration of a key blade as viewed from the bow tow
34、ard the tip. 3.29 Key Symbol A designation used for a key combination in the standard key coding system, e.g., A, AA, AA1, etc. 3.30 Master Key (MK) 1. A key which operates all the master keyed locks or cylinders in a group, each lock or cylinder usually operated by its own change key. 2. To combina
35、te a group of locks or cylinders such that each is operated by its own change key as well as by a master key for the entire group. 3.31 Master Key System 1. Any keying arrangement which has two or more levels of keying. 2. A keying arrangement which has exactly two levels of keying. 3.32 Multiplex K
36、ey System 1. A series of different key sections, which may be used to expand a master key system by repeated bittings on additional key sections. The keys of one key section will not enter the keyway of another key section. This type of system always includes another key section which will enter mor
37、e than one or all the keyways. 2. A keying system which uses such keyways and key sections. 3.33 Multi-Keyway System See Multiplex Key System 3.34 NMK A keying symbol which means “not master keyed“ and may be suffixed in parentheses to the regular key symbol. It indicates that the cylinder is not to
38、 be operated by the master key(s) specified in the regular key symbol; e.g. AB6(NMK). 3.35 Progression A logical sequence of selecting possible key bittings, usually in numerical order from the key bitting array. 3.36 Selective Master Key An unassociated master key which can be made to operate any s
39、pecific lock(s) in the entire system in addition to the regular master key(s) and or change key(s) for the cylinder without creating key interchange. 3.37 Shear Line A location in a cylinder at which specific tumbler surfaces must be aligned, removing obstruction(s) which prevented the plug from mov
40、ing. 3.38 SKD Symbol for single keyed, normally followed by a numerical designation in the standard key coding system; e.g. SKD 1, SKD 2, etc. It indicates that a cylinder or lock is not master keyed, but is part of the keying system. 3.39 Theoretical Key Changes The total possible mathematical bitt
41、ing combinations, usually reduced in practice. 3.40 Top Master Key (TMK) The highest level master key in a master key system. 3.41 Visual Key Control (VKC) A specification that all keys and the visible portion of the front of all lock cylinders be marked with standard keying symbols. 8 4. SYSTEM PLA
42、NNING 4.1 THE KEYING CONFERENCE In preparation for the keying conference, unique numbers or identification should be assigned to each door. These numbers are referenced when planning, executing and maintaining the system and for assigning key symbols or issuing keys. For large systems, include tools
43、 such as floor plans, blueprints, organization charts, phone lists, etc. The following items should be decided at the keying conference, covering the identification of end user requirements as well as balancing convenience and security: A) Determine the level of key restriction required None Restric
44、ted Patented Card controlled Signature controlled Factory controlled Distributor/dealer controlled B) Identify who will administer and be responsible for these decisions and ongoing key management C) Show the scope of job (one building, multiple buildings, future expansion, etc.) D) Anticipate and i
45、dentify future expansion needs for each level of keying E) Set levels of authority and control for different areas and keys F) Determine how the facility will be supported: Whether the key cutting and cylinder combinating service will be performed by the manufacturer, an outside locksmith or in-hous
46、e locksmith. Who will maintain the bitting list? When the plan is to perform this work in-house, the appropriate service equipment must be ordered and plans made for training the locksmith(s). G) Determine levels of keying and number of different key systems: Discuss steps required to minimize or el
47、iminate cross keying Identify special use areas for restricted access Identify SKD (Single Key) areas Select type of key system identification and cylinder marking i. Decide if visual key control will be applied ii. Decide if concealed key control will be applied iii. Decide if sequential numbering
48、of key inventory will be applied Explain the benefits vs. risks involved for each type of marking Determine the key Management System to be used, either digital or manual, including safe storage of keys and blanks, and procedures for issuing keys, retrieving keys and dealing with lost or stolen keys
49、 Determine the shipment or delivery method of new locks, cylinders, keys, blanks H) Decide on service options: Determine if construction keying or construction cylinders, or cores, or temporary cylinders will be needed Determine if special function cylinders (hotel, limited rotation, elevator, switch and cam locks, etc) will be needed Consider the need to integrate with electronic access control systems and alarm systems Plan out the inventory of spare cores / cylinders and keys 9 Select the quanti
