1、ANSI C63.5-2006(Revision of ANSI C63.5-2003)American National StandardElectromagnetic CompatibilityRadiatedEmission Measurements in ElectromagneticInterference (EMI) ControlCalibration ofAntennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz)I E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA21 April 2006Accredited by the America
2、n National Standards InstituteSponsored by theAccredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
3、S-,-,-Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license wi
4、th IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C63.5-2006(Revision ofANSI C63.5-2003)American National Standard Electromagnetic CompatibilityRadiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ControlCalibration of Antennas (9 kHz to 4
5、0 GHz)SponsorAccredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSecretariatInstitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.Approved 17 February 2006American National Standards InstituteThe Institute of Electrical and Elect
6、ronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 21 April 2006. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1-978-750-8400. Permi
7、ssion tophotocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained throughthe Copyright Clearance Center.Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
8、itted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IntroductionThis introduction is not part of ANSI C63.5-2006, American Na
9、tional Standard for Electromagnetic Compati-bilityRadiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ControlCalibration ofAntennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz).ANSI C63.4-2003, American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissionsfrom Low-Voltage Electrical and Electr
10、onics Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz, has undergoneseveral revisions since the original document covering methods of measurement was produced in 1940.Although many improvements were made in the standard from time to time, the reproducibility ofmeasurements of radiated interference from on
11、e test site to another has not been completely satisfactory.In 1982 a concerted effort was organized in Subcommittee One of the Accredited Standards Committee C63to determine how the technique could be improved. Evidence showed that the variability was due, in part, toinadequate (a) control of site
12、ground plane conductivity, flatness, site enclosures, effects of surroundingobjects, and certain other site construction features, (b) accounting for antenna factors, associated cabling,and balun and device under test characteristics, and (c) consideration of mutual coupling effects between thedevic
13、e under test and the receiving antenna and their images in the ground plane. Accordingly, ANSI C63.4has been revised, and ANSI standards C63.5, C63.6, and C63.7 were prepared to provide additionalinformation. This standard provides methods of calibration of antennas for use on the test site.In 1993
14、a concerted effort was begun to bring the Standard Site Method of ANSI C63.5 into CISPR as themethod of antenna calibration to be used in CISPR Publication 16. During the ensuing discussions, itbecame apparent that several features of ANSI C63.5 were not acceptable to the international community. In
15、particular, calibration measurements at 3 m were unacceptable. Furthermore, while ANSI C63.5recommends that only horizontal polarization be used for antenna calibration, it included information oncalibration using vertical polarization. This was considered ambiguous and unacceptable by CISPRSubcommi
16、ttee A. During the use of ANSI C63.5 over the last several years a number of errors werediscovered and these needed to be corrected. ANSI standards C63.2 and C63.4 specify antennas from 9 kHzto 30 MHz and from 1000 MHz to 40 GHz for which no calibration procedure was available in ANSI C63.5.Accordin
17、gly, ANSI C63.5 has been revised to eliminate those features that the international communityfound objectionable, and thus provides harmonization with international standards while allowing a USNational deviation from those standards. This revision corrects errors which use of the standard has shown
18、and extends it to cover all of the antennas specified in ANSI standards C63.2 and C63.4 from 9 kHz to40 GHz.In 1999 a collaborative effort was organized in Subcommittee One of the Accredited Standards CommitteeC63 to determine how the technique could be improved. Evidence showed that significant er
19、rors areintroduced into the NSA results when non-free space antenna factors of biconical dipole antennas are usedfor NSA testing. These errors are due, in part, to mutual coupling effects between the antennas and betweenthe receiving antenna and the image of the transmitting antenna in the ground pl
20、ane. Corrections for thisoccurrence are submitted for use with biconical dipoles. An alternate measurement technique is alsoprovided for other types of antennas. Minor editorial corrections have been made to this document.In 2005, the C63 committee received a request for an interpretation of subclau
21、se 5.1 and an apparent conflictwith the associated flowchart in Annex G (Figure G.2). The issue revolved around the apparent confusion ofthe process for antenna factor calibration for product testing versus the calibration process when makingtest-site attenuation measurements and how it was shown in
22、 Figure G.2. The clarification and correctapplication of the calibration is contained in the revised 5.1 and the revised Figure G.2.ivCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo
23、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodicall
24、y.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this
25、standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the
26、legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.vCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
27、 IHSParticipantsAt the time that the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63, approved thisstandard, it had the following membership:Ralph M. Showers, ChairDonald N. Heirman, Vice-ChairRobert L. Pritchard, SecretaryOrganization Represented RepresentativeAlliance for Tele
28、com Ind. Solutions (ATIS) C. Chrysanthou J. TurnerACIL M. VioletteW. StumpfAmer. Radio Relay League (ARRL) D. BodsonE. HareCurtis-Straus LLC J. CurtisJ. StewartDell, Inc. E. BronaughR. B. WallenETS - Lindgren M. FoegelleZ. ChenFederal Commun. Commission (FCC) W. HurstA. WallFood and Drug Administrat
29、ion J. CasamentoJ. L. SilbergergHewlett-Packard K. HallInfo. Tech. Industry Council - ITIC J. HirvelaJ. RosenbergIEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) D. HeirmanInst. Elect. and Electronics Engrs. EMCS S. BergerD. SweeneyLucent Technologies D. MoogilanNational Institute of S
30、tandards however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http:/ 8The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex J. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provi
31、ded by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C63.5-2006 RADIATED EMISSION MEASUREMENTS IN EMI CONTROLCALIBRATION OF ANTENNAS (9kHz TO 40 GHz) 3 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This value will represent the free-sp
32、ace antenna factor within an error smaller than the measurement uncertainty. This error is negligible when these antenna factors are used for product emission measurements. 3.6 ground plane: A conducting surface or plate used as a common reference point for circuit returns and electric or signal pot
33、entials. 3.7 ideal site: A test site on which the reflective surface is flat, level and has infinite conductivity and size. 3.8 measurement geometry: A specified polarization, separation distance, transmitting height, and receiving height(s) for a pair of antennas during their antenna factor measure
34、ment. 3.9 normalized site attenuation (NSA): Site attenuation divided by the free-space antenna factors of the transmitting and receiving antennas (all in linear units). Results can be stated in decibel units. 3.10 radiated emissions test site: A site with specified requirements suitable for measuri
35、ng radio interference fields radiated by a device, equipment, or system under test. 3.11 site attenuation: The minimum relative insertion loss measured between two polarization-matched antennas located on a test site when one antenna is moved vertically over a specified height range. 3.12 standard a
36、ntenna calibration site: A site comprised of a flat, open-area, devoid of nearby scatterers such as trees, power lines, and fences, that has a large metallic ground plane (see ANSI C63.7-2005). 4. General test conditions 4.1 Introduction This standard provides a means of measuring antenna factors fo
37、r most types of antennas used in emissions testing. These antenna factors can be used for either vertically or horizontally polarized measurement at distances from the equipment under test of 3 m or more. Table 1 provides an index of antenna type to measurement method. Free space antenna factors can
38、 be developed for biconical dipole antennas using Clause 5 and Annex G (see Table 1). Using the methods in Clause 5 and Annex G will provide more accurate results for biconical dipole antennas than the use of Clause 5 alone. See Annex F for additional information on the rationale of GSCF for biconic
39、al dipole antennas. Near free space antenna factors can be developed for broadband antennas using the methods specified in Table 1. Annex H provides a measurement procedure to determine GSCF for broadband antennas. Annex H also provides the requirements for a reference site used to measure GSCFs for
40、 complex antennas or other broadband antennas where the GSCFs in Annex G cannot be applied. The general test conditions for antenna calibration are described in 4.1 through 4.4. This standard also provides additional guidance on the estimation of measurement uncertainties in antenna calibrations. Co
41、pyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C63.5-2006 RADIATED EMISSION MEASUREMENTS IN EMI CONTROLCALIBRATION OF ANTENNAS (9kHz TO 40 GHz) 4 Copyri
42、ght 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Table 1Calibration methods for antennas Antennas for Product Test Antennas for Normalized Site Attenuation Antenna Type Clause 5 Clause 5 + Annex G Clause 6 Clause 7 Clause 5 Clause 5 + Annex G Clause 6 Annex H Monopole X Tunable Dipole X X X X Biconical Dipole X
43、X X X Log Periodic Array X X X X X Broadband Hybrid X X X Horn X X Other X 4.2 Calibration measurement geometry Accurate antenna calibrations require restrictions on measurement geometry. The antenna separation distance R shall be large enough to ensure that near-field effects and antenna-to-antenna
44、 mutual coupling effects are minimized. Antenna heights (h1, h2) shall be great enough to minimize antenna-to-ground plane mutual impedance. The separation distance, R, between antennas shall be measured between points projected vertically from the antenna to the ground plane. This is equivalent to
45、the horizontal distance between antennas when the antennas are at the same height. For dipole and biconical dipole antennas, the separation distance shall be measured from the midpoint of the dipole elements. The separation distance between log-periodic array antennas shall be measured from the midp
46、oint of the elements along the longitudinal axis of each antenna. For horn antennas, the separation distance shall be measured from the front face of the antennas. 4.3 Test site and instrumentation The test site used for antenna calibrations shall be within 2dB of an ideal site when tested for site
47、attenuation in accordance with ANSI C63.4-2003. The normalized site attenuation test shall be evaluated over a volume (e.g., as an alternate test site) for the measurement distances the site will use to calibrate antennas. Measurement instrumentation should be located beneath the ground plane or at
48、least 20 m from the edge of the ground plane to reduce site and system contributions to uncertainty (see Annex I). All test instrumentation including signal generators, radio noise meters, spectrum analyzers, tuned voltmeters, receivers, etc. shall have a nominal 50- impedance. Refer to ANSI C63.2-1
49、996 or CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4 for radio noise meter specifications. An impedance mismatch at the output of signal sources or at the input of receivers, and at antennas may result in reflections that could cause antenna factor measurement errors. These errors can be minimized by the use of high-quality atten
