1、Unit Handling ConveyorsROLLER CONVEYORS - NON POWEREDCEMASTANDARDNO. 401-2003ANSI / CEMA 401-2003(R2009)Reaffirmation of ANSI/CEMA 401-2003( Approved January 22, 2009)ISBN 978-1-891171-23-9Conveyor EquipmentManufacturers AssociationSAFETY NOTICEThe Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association has de
2、veloped Industry Standard Safety Labelsfor use on the conveying equipment of its member companies.The purpose of the labels is to identify common and uncommon hazards, conditions, and unsafepractices which can injure, or cause the death of, the unwary or inattentive person who is working ator around
3、 conveying equipment.The labels are available for sale to member companies and non-member companies.A full description of the labels, their purpose, and guidelines on where to place the labels on typicalequipment, has been published in CEMAs Safety Label Brochure No. 201. The Brochure is availablefo
4、r purchase by members and non-members of the Association. Safety Labels and Safety LabelPlacement Guidelines, originally published in the Brochure, are also available free on the CEMA WebSite at http:/www.cemanet.org/CEMA_Safety_Pg.htmPLEASE NOTE: Should any of the safety labels supplied by the equi
5、pment manufacturer becomeunreadable for any reason, the equipment USER is then responsible for replacement and location ofthese safety labels.Replacement labels and placement guidelines can be obtained by contacting your equipment supplieror CEMA.For Information on Company Membershipvisit the CEMA W
6、eb Site athttp:/www.cemanet.orgConveyorChainCEMA ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTControls PalletizersMeet in March and/or SeptemberConferenceStrategic PlanningInsuranceMeetingsMarketing / MembershipStatisticsFinance and BudgetPast PresidentsBulk HandlingSectionCommitteesUnit HandlingSectionEngineering Conferenc
7、eConveyor ChainPerformance TerminologyUnit Handling StandardsIdlersPulleysBeltSystemsScrewConveyorsBelt ManualAccessoriesSafety ControlsTerms andDefinitionsInternationalStandardsMeets Each JuneScrewConveyorsBulk HandlingComponentsand SystemsGeneral Bulk Handling SectionBulkAccessoriesUnit Handling C
8、onveying SectionCOMMITTEES BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERSDISCLAIMERThe information provided in this document is advisory only. These recommendations areprovided by CEMA in the interest of promoting safety in the work place. Theserecommendations are general in nature and are not intended as a substitute
9、 for a thoroughsafety program. Users should seek the advise, supervision or consultation of qualifiedengineers or other safety professionals.Any use of this document, the information contained herein, or any other CEMA publicationmay only be made with the agreement and understanding that the user an
10、d the users companyassume full responsibility for the design, safety, specifications, suitability and adequacy ofthe system component, or mechanical or electrical device designed or manufactured usingthis information.The user and the users company understand and agree that CEMA, its member companies
11、,its officers, agents and employees shall not be liable in any manner under any theory of liabilityfor the user or users reliance on these recommendations.The users and the users company agree to release, hold harmless and indemnify CEMA, itsmember companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents an
12、d employees from any and allclaims of liability, costs, fees (including attorneys fees), or damages arising in any way out ofthe use of this information.CEMA and its member companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents and employeesmake no representations or warranties whatsoever, either express
13、or implied, about theinformation contained in this document, including, but not limited to, representations orwarranties that the information and recommendations contained herein conform to any federal,state or local laws, regulations, guidelines or ordinances.iCONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOC
14、IATION6724 Lone Oak BlvdNaples, Florida 34109Web Site: http:/www.cemanet.orgStandard No. 401 (PDF) - Copyright 2009Printed in the U.S.A.ISBN 978-1-891171-23-9FOREWORDDuring the past century roller conveyors have developed from the original wooden rollers, with steel pins onthe ends rotating in a fra
15、me, to the present day all metal construction with anti-friction bearings.The first attempt to establish a standard method of evaluating the merits of the various sizes and designsbeing offered in the marketplace was the 1962 edition of CEMA Standard 401.The purpose of this work is to establish cert
16、ain minimum standards of comparison for use by concernswhich specify, manufacture, and use non-powered roller conveyors.For additional information relating to definitions and selection of common components, see the latest editionof the following publications: CEMA Standard No. 102, Conveyor Terms an
17、d Definitions; CEMA StandardNo. 402, Belt Conveyors; CEMA Standard No. 403, Belt Driven Live Roller Conveyors; CEMA Standard No.404, Chain Driven Live Roller Conveyors; CEMA Standard No. 405. Slat Conveyors; and CEMA StandardNo. 406, Lineshaft Driven Live Roller Conveyors.The illustrations throughou
18、t this book are schematic in nature and represent the general nature of a particu-lar device. The illustrations are not intended to represent the recommended safety configurations sinceguarding has been omitted to permit clarity in showing the operational characteristics of the device. Referto the c
19、urrent editions of ANSI/ASME B20.1, Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment; ANSI/ASME B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus; and ANSI Z244.1, AmericanNational Safety Standards for Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources - Minimum Safety Requirements; Title 29,Code
20、of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910.147, The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout);Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding.Consult ASME or ANSI for the latest editions.TABLE OF CONTENTSSection Page PDFDEFINITIONS 1 1 5APPL
21、ICATION DATA 2 3 7BEARINGS FOR CONVEYOR ROLLERS 3 7 11TECHNICAL DATA 4 15 19iiNote - CEMA Has Reaffirmed the 2003 Edition.This 2009 Edition is Identical to the 2003 EditionSUMMARY OF CHANGES IN 2003 EDITION All drawings have been cleaned up and enhanced for clarity where necessary. Foreword has been
22、 updated to include new Safety References. A Safety Notice regarding Industry Standard Safety Labels has been added. Terms and Definitions have been edited to conform with those in ANSI/CEMA 102 “ConveyorTerms and Definitions”. All Figures and charts have been redrawnand, in some cases, modified for
23、 clarityCEMA Standard No. 401-2009Reviewed byUnit Handling Sectionof theCEMA Engineering ConferenceSection 1DEFINITIONSFor general definitions see also CEMA Publication 102, Conveyor Terms and Definitions. Italics indicatedefinitions or wording unique to this document.Axle - A shaft, either rotating
24、 or non-rotating, on which are mounted drive, driven, or supporting wheels orrollers.Bearing - A machine part in or on which a journal, shaft, axle, pin or other part rotates, oscillates or slides.Coupling - A member used to join conveyor sections to make an integral conveyor.Cross Ties - Structural
25、 members which maintain frame rail spacing on unit handling conveyors.Frame Rails - Members which support the conveying component of powered and non powered conveyors.Grade - The rate of incline or decline in terms of degrees from the horizontal; percent of rise to the horizontaldistance; or inches
26、of vertical rise per foot of horizontal projection.Rated Life of Bearings - Manufacturers ratings based on load speed factors. See Page 7.Roller - A round part free to revolve its outer surface. The face may be straight or tapered, covered,concave or flanged, corrugated, ribbed or fluted. Rollers ma
27、y have live axle or dead axle construction.Roller Centers - Distance between centerlines of adjacent rollers. For curves, roller centers are measuredat the inside radius.Roller Conveyors - A series of rollers supported in a frame over which objects are advanced manually, bygravity, or by power.Rolle
28、r Conveyor Curve - A circular section of roller conveyor. The curve radius is measured to the insideface of the inside frame rail. The hand of a curve is determined when facing in the direction of travel (seeFigure 1, Page 2).Curves may have either:A. Straight face rollers (see Figure 2, Page 2)B. D
29、ifferential rollers (see Figure 3, Page 2)C. Tapered rollers (see Figure 4, Page 2)Straight Section - An assembly of frame rails, cross-tie members and rollers. Rollers may be set high orlow in frame rails (see below).Supports - Arrangement of members used to maintain the elevation or alignment of t
30、he conveyor.Supports can take the form of hangers, floor supports, or brackets and can be either stationary or portable.Width - The dimension inside to inside of the conveyor frame rails.12FIGURE 1Straight Face RollersFIGURE 2Differential RollersFIGURE 3Tapered RollersFIGURE 4MULTIPLE ROLLERS ON ONE
31、SHAFT WITH OR WITHOUT CEN-TER RAILSTAGGERED ROLLERSWITH CENTER RAILRADIUSRADIUSRADIUSRADIUSRADIUSWIDTH - INSIDE OF FRAME RAILSLert Hand Curve Right Hand CurveSection 2APPLICATIONUse of Roller ConveyorsRoller conveyors are widely used in unit handling systems because of their simplicity, economy, and
32、 ease ofmaintenance. Application is in the form of level pushlines or graded lines utilizing the natural force of gravity.ConveyabilityUnit loads conveyed on roller conveyors may vary extensively in weight, size, and surface condition. Theweight is restricted only by the strength of the conveyor com
33、ponents and the ability to move and stop the unitload.The factors that limit the use of roller conveyors are generally related to the specific requirements of handlingthe unit load and the site conditions.A unit load is generally conveyable if the surface that is resting on the conveyor is smooth, f
34、irm, and longenough to span over three or more rollers. Characteristics and application limitations are significant factors tobe considered in roller conveyor selection.Some examples of limitations are:A. Cartons containing relatively fragile products will require analysis of the degree of gravity f
35、low that canbe utilized.B. Unit loads that are in process of manufacture and may be subject to damage if they impact against apreceding unit load may eliminate the use of gravity or limit the application to level lines. Such unitloads could be fragile electronic equipment or heavy parts with finishe
36、d machined surfaces.C. Heavy unit loads, such as palletized items, cannot usually be conveyed long distances by gravity flowunless speed control devices are utilized.D. Functions such as in-process assembly, packing, testing, and order picking are usually performed onlevel roller conveyors. However,
37、 limited use of gravity flow may be utilized to provide accumulation.System LayoutRoller conveyors are usually employed as part of a system. Some factors affecting system layout are asfollows:A. Unit load data and selection of conveyor width.Dimensional data is used to establish the basic width of a
38、 system, radius of curves, and arrangementof conveyor merge points. Note that width requirements of curves generally establish system width.(See Figure 5, Page 4.)B. Use of gravity flow lines.The critical points of elevation must be established and care exercised in determining the correctgrade requ
39、irements. Note that curve sections require more grade than straight sections. The layoutis developed to show the various elevations as related to the site and requirements for additionalequipment established.C. Stoppages on gravity flow linesGravity flow lines are subject to stoppages due to unit lo
40、ad jamming or guide rail friction. Access mustbe provided to permit personnel to clear stoppages.Component SpecificationThe general specifications for roller conveyors usually include the following, in order of importance:3A. Conveyor WidthUnit load dimensional data is used to establish the basic wi
41、dth of a system, radius of curves, andarrangement of conveyor merge points. Note that width requirements of curves generally establishsystem width.B. Roller SpacingNormally, a unit load is supported by a minimum of three rollers. However, certain characteristics,such as “off center” condition of cen
42、ter of gravity and soft or flexible riding surfaces, will dictate the useof closer spaced rollers. The economic factors of using a larger number of lower capacity rollers inplace of a smaller quantity of higher capacity rollers should be considered.C. Roller Capacity1. Select roller size based on ma
43、nufacturers rating and the type of bearing most suitable for environ-ment. In general, roller conveyors are furnished with a simple commercial grade ball bearing,open construction, and without lubrication. For environments that are dusty or wet, bearings areavailable that include steel labyrinth sea
44、ls, felt seals, and lubrication features. Seals and lubri-cated bearings produce a retarding force and require additional grade for gravity flow.2. The number of rollers that will be effective in supporting the load is a function of the load surfaceand the out-of-level condition of roller surface du
45、e to manufacturing tolerances.Cartons tend to flex. Therefore, practically all rollers under the cartons are effective. Foundryflasks, engine blocks, and steel containers do not flex and can ride on two rollers at any one time.It is good practice to estimate that 50% of the rollers are effective for
46、 extremely stiff articles.3. Consider impact on the rollers when selecting tubing diameter and wall thickness.4. Apply service factors to roller capacity to cover speed, life, and impact as noted in, “Bearings forConveyor Rollers,” Page 7.D. Frame Size and CapacityRoller conveyors are normally two-r
47、ail, single roller construction. However, multiple rail and rollercombinations may be used to advantage on certain applications.FIGURE 5Formula for Determining Distance Between Frame or Guard RailsG = ( Radius + Package Width )2+24Package Length2(- Radius + 2”)PACKAGEWIDTHLENGTHRADIUSDistance Betwee
48、n Frameor Guard Rail = G2” CLEARANCEThe actual selection is generally determined by one or more of the following:1. Total load per foot (i.e., live load and dead load)2. Span between supports3. Roller/rail combinations from catalogs4. Consideration of site conditionsE. Supports1. The construction an
49、d spacing of supports is determined by the load on the frame members.2. Supports are generally provided as standard hardware. They are rated at gross load capacity andcan be selected from catalogs. Light and medium duty supports are generally adjustable, butheavy duty supports are usually non-adjustable.F. CurvesRoller conveyor curves are furnished in three basic styles:Straight Face Rollers (see Figure 2, Page 2)Curve is fitted with the same straight faced rollers as in the straight sections. This construction doesnot provide any differential action and does n
