1、B41B4eB53B49 B5aB32B31B2eB34B30B2eB34B61B2dB31B39B39B38B43B47B41 B32B2eB39B34B61B2dB4dB39B38B41B64B64B65B6eB64B61 B74B6f B41B4eB53B49 B5aB32B31B2eB34B30B2eB34B2dB31B39B39B36 B95 B43B47B41 B32B2eB39B34B61B2dB4dB39B36B41B4dB45B52B49B43B41B4e B4eB41B54B49B4fB4eB41B4c B53B54B41B4eB44B41B52B44B2fB43B41B4
2、eB41B44B49B41B4e B47B41B53 B41B53B53B4fB43B49B41B54B49B4fB4e B53B54B41B4eB44B41B52B44B46B4fB52PERFORMANCE TESTING AND RATING OFGAS-FIRED, AIR-CONDITIONINGAND HEAT PUMP APPLIANCESB49B4eB54B45B52B4eB41B54B49B4fB4eB41B4c B41B50B50B52B4fB56B41B4c B53B45B52B56B49B43B45B53B41 B44B69B76B69B73B69B6fB6e B6fB
3、66 B43B53B41B38B35B30B31 B45B61B73B74 B50B6cB65B61B73B61B6eB74 B56B61B6cB6cB65B79 B52B64B2eB43B6cB65B76B65B6cB61B6eB64B2c B4fB68B69B6f B34B34B31B33B31B43B41B4eB41B44B49B41B4e B53B54B41B4eB44B41B52B44B53 B41B53B53B4fB43B49B41B54B49B4fB4eB31B37B38 B52B65B78B64B61B6cB65 B42B6fB75B6cB65B76B61B72B64B2cB4
4、5B74B6fB62B69B63B6fB6bB65B2c B4fB6eB74B61B72B69B6fB2c B43B61B6eB61B64B61 B4dB39B57 B31B52B33PREFACEThe standards set forth herein apply to the first edition of the Standard for Performance Testingand Rating of Gas-Fired, Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances,ANSI Z21.40.4-1996iiCGA 2.94-M96, and
5、 supersede corresponding standards therein. Following theirpreparation by the supervising subcommittee, they were accepted by ANSI, and the Interprovincial GasAdvisory Council, and subsequently approved.NOTE: Changes, other than editorial, are denoted by a vertical line in the margin.On June 30, 199
6、7, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) acquired International ApprovalServices (IAS) which was until then a joint venture of the American Gas Association (A.G.A.)and the Canadian Gas Association (CGA). Under this agreement CSA acquired the completerange of IAS standards administration, certific
7、ation and registration products and services forappliances and accessories fueled by natural and liquefied petroleum gases.APPROVEDIGACApril 3, 1997 April 28, 1998American National Standards Institute, Inc. Interprovincial Gas Advisory CouncilEffective in Canada September 1, 1999Prepared byINTERNATI
8、ONAL APPROVAL SERVICES and CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATIONA Division of CSA 178 Rexdale Boulevard8501 East Pleasant Valley Road Etobicoke, OntarioCleveland, Ohio 44131 Canada M9W 1R3Published - April 1998Copyright 1998Canadian Standards AssociationPermission is granted to republish material herein in
9、 laws or ordinances, and inregulations, administrative orders, or similar documents issued by publicauthorities. Those desiring permission for other republication should consult theCanadian Standards Association at the address noted above.Copyright 1998International Approval ServicesPermission is gr
10、anted to republish material herein in laws or ordinances, and inregulations, administrative orders, or similar documents issued by publicauthorities. Those desiring permission for other republication should consultInternational Approval Services at the address noted above.Addenda toAMERICAN NATIONAL
11、 STANDARD/CANADIAN GAS ASSOCIATION STANDARD FORPERFORMANCE TESTING AND RATING OF GAS-FIRED,AIR-CONDITIONING AND HEAT PUMP APPLIANCESAPPENDIX AMETHODS OF DETERMINING EFFICIENCY RATINGSAND OPERATING COSTS OF GAS-FIRED, HEAT PUMPSFOR SPACE-CONDITIONING PERFORMANCE(This Appendix is informative and is no
12、t part of the standard.)SECTION 1SCOPEThis appendix presents methods of determining efficiency ratings and operating costs of gas-fired, heat pumpsfor space-conditioning performance. The procedures in this appendix apply to factory-made, space-conditioning,unitary heat pumps which utilize gas as the
13、 primary fuel. This includes engine-driven heat pumps,absorption-cycle heat pumps, desiccant-type heat pumps, and other gas-fired heat pumps. The heat source/sinkfor the heat pumps may be outdoor air, ground water, or closed-loop water. The heat pumps provide thefunctions of year-round space conditi
14、oning either by direct heating and cooling of air or indirectly by theproduction of heated and chilled water. The heat pump may include other functions.Appropriate portions of this appendix can be applied to heat pumps which have a gas input that varies sothat the output matches the cooling or heati
15、ng load, to heat pumps which have a single level gas input whichvaries as a function of ambient conditions, to heat pumps which have a constant gas input regardless of loador ambient conditions, and to heat pumps with several discrete levels of gas input.In addition to applying to heat pumps which p
16、rovide year-round space conditioning, portions of this appendixcan be applied to heat pumps which provide space cooling only or space heating only. Also, the proceduresin this appendix are provided for evaluating and rating water-cooled air conditioners and water-cooled chillerswhich reject condense
17、r heat with a cooling tower, air- and water-cooled condensing units, and desiccantventilation-air dehumidifiers.Section 2 covers calculation procedures for determining steady-state efficiency ratings for the applianceoperating in the cooling mode.Section 3 covers calculation procedures for determini
18、ng steady-state efficiency ratings for the applianceoperating in the heating mode.Section 4 covers calculation procedures for determining cooling-mode energy costs and efficiency ratingsfor appliances suitable for installation in residential applications. The steady-state cooling ratings from Sectio
19、n2 are required as inputs for these determinations. A sample calculation is provided in Annex A.1Section 5 covers calculation procedures for determining heating-mode energy costs and efficiency ratingsfor appliances suitable for installation in residential applications. The steady-state heating rati
20、ngs from Section3 are required as inputs for these determinations. A sample calculation is provided in Annex B.Section 6 covers calculation procedures for determining annual energy costs for appliances suitable forinstallation in residential applications.Section 7 covers calculation procedures for d
21、etermining cooling-mode energy costs and efficiency ratingsfor appliances suitable for installation in commercial applications. A sample calculation is provided in Annex C.Annex D provides procedures for determining the annual energy consumption of other residentialspace-heating/space-cooling applia
22、nces.2SECTION 2STEADY-STATE COOLING EFFICIENCY RATINGS2.1 NET COOLING CAPACITY AND INPUT RATINGS. Net cooling capacity, cooling-mode gasinput, and cooling-mode electric input ratings shall be determined in accordance with the procedures of ANSIZ21.40.4i CGA 2.9, American National Standard/Canadian G
23、as Association Standard for Performance Testingand Rating of Gas-Fired Air-Conditioning, and Heat-Pumping Appliances.2.2 COOLING-MODE GAS COP. The cooling-mode gas COP ratings, COPCG, shall be obtained bydividing the net cooling capacity rating by the corresponding net cooling-mode gas input rating,
24、 as measuredat the rating conditions specified in Section 2 of the Standard.When used for rating purposes, values of Cooling-Mode Gas COP shall be expressed in the nearest multipleof 0.02. When the cooling-mode gas COP is quoted, it should be accompanied by the corresponding cooling-mode electric in
25、put rating for the same rating conditions.2.3 COST EER. Cost Energy Efficiency Ratio (Cost EER) is defined as the cooling-mode EER requiredof an all-electric air conditioner or heat pump to match the hourly rate of energy cost of the combined gas andelectric input of a gas-fired heat pump. It is cal
26、culated as follows:1Cost EER =1/ (3.413 x COPCGX FCR) + 1/EERCEwhere COPCGis as determined in 2.2 and EERCEis calculated by dividing the net cooling capacity ratingby the corresponding net cooling-mode electric input rating. FCR, the fuel cost ratio is calculated as follows:FCR = 29.3 x ($/kWh) / ($
27、/therm)where:$/kWh = cost of electric energy per kilowatt-hour$/therm = cost of gas per therm (100,000 Btu)The same energy cost figures used to calculate annual energy costs should be used in the preceedingequation for FCR.The value of FCR usually ranges from 3 to 5 with the national average in rece
28、nt years being approximately4.When used for rating purposes, values of Cost EER shall be expressed in the nearest multiple of 0.05.2.4 SOURCE FUEL EER. Source Fuel Energy Efficiency Ratio (Source Fuel EER) is defined as thecooling-mode EER required of an all-electric air conditioner or heat pump to
29、match the source fuel consumptionrate of the gas and electric cooling-mode input of a gas-fired heat pump for the case where the electricgenerating plant is fueled by gas. It is calculated as follows:31Source Fuel EER =SER/(3.413 x COPCG) + 1/EERCEwhere COPCGis defined in 2.2, EERCEis defined in 2.3
30、, and SER, the composit of electric source fuelefficiency and gas source fuel efficiency, as defined below:SER = ESFE/GSFEwhere SER = Source Energy RatioESFE = Electric Source Fuel EfficiencyGSFE = Gas Source Fuel EfficiencyUnlike the ESFE = 1/3.37 developed by DOE, no such value has been developed
31、for GSFE. The valueof ESFE typically ranges from 0.25 to 0.35. Unless evidence is provided to support a different value, a valueof ESFE = 1/3.37 shall be used in the preceeding equation for Source Fuel EER.When used for rating purposes, values of Source Fuel EER shall be expressed in the nearest mul
32、tiple of0.05.4SECTION 3STEADY-STATE HEATING EFFICIENCY RATINGS3.1 NET HEATING CAPACITY AND INPUT RATINGS. Net heating capacity, heating-mode gasinput, and heating-mode electric input ratings shall be determined in accordance with the procedures ofANSI Z21.40.4, American National Standard for Perform
33、ance Testing and Rating of Gas-Fired Air-Conditioning,Heat-Pumping, and Like Appliances.3.2 HEATING-MODE GAS COP. The heating-mode gas COP ratings, COPHG, shall be obtained bydividing the net heating capacity rating by the corresponding net heating-mode gas input rating, as measuredat the rating con
34、ditions specified in Section 3 of the Standard.When the heating-mode gas COP is quoted, it should be accompanied by the corresponding heating-modeelectric input rating for the same rating conditions.3.3 COST COP. Cost Coefficient of Performance (Cost COP) is defined as the heating-mode COPrequired o
35、f an all-electric heat pump to match the hourly rate of energy cost of the combined gas and electricinput of a gas-fired heat pump. It is calculated as follows:1Cost COP =1/ (COPHGX FCR) + 3.413/EERHEwhere COPHGis as determined in 3.2 and EERHEis calculated by dividing the net heating capacity ratin
36、gby the corresponding net heating-mode electric input rating. FCR, the fuel cost ratio is defined in 2.3.3.4 SOURCE FUEL COP. Source Fuel Coefficient of Performance (Source Fuel COP) is defined as theheating-mode COP required of an all-electric heat pump to match the source energy consumption rate o
37、f thegas and electric heating-mode input of a gas-fired heat pump for the case where the electric generating plantis fueled by gas. It is calculated as follows:1Source Fuel COP =SER/COPHG+ 3.413/EERHEwhere COPHGis defined in 3.2, EERHEis defined in 3.3, and SER, is the composit Source Energy Ratioas
38、 defined in 2.4.3.5 ROUNDING OF EFFICIENCY RATING VALUES. When used for rating purposes, values ofCOP shall be expressed in the nearest multiple of 0.02.5SECTION 4COOLING SEASONAL EFFICIENCY RATINGS AND OPERATING COSTSOF RESIDENTIAL AIR-SOURCE APPLIANCES4.1 LIMITATIONS. The procedures of this sectio
39、n for the determination of seasonal cooling-mode energycosts and seasonal cooling-mode efficiency parameters is limited to air-source (air-to-air and air-to-water) heatpumps with a maximum rated cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h.4.2 SEASONAL COOLING OUTPUT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. The seasonal
40、coolingoutput, the seasonal cooling gas energy consumption, and the seasonal electric energy consumption shall bedetermined in accordance with the procedures of ANSI Z21.40.4iiCGA 2.94, American NationalStandard/Canadian Gas Association Standard for Performance Testing and Rating of Gas-Fired Air-Co
41、nditioning,and Heat-Pumping Appliances.4.3 SEASONAL COOLING ENERGY COSTS. The cost of operating the gas-fired heat pump for thecooling season can be determined as follows:Seasonal cooling costs = (SCGEC/100,000) x ($/therm) + (SCEEC/1000) x ($/kWh)where:SCGEC = Seasonal cooling gas energy consumptio
42、n, Btu$/therm = cost of gas per therm (100,000 Btu)SCEEC = Seasonal cooling electric energy consumption, watt-hour$/kWh = cost of electric energy per kilowatt-hour4.4 GAS SEASONAL COP - COOLING. The Gas Seasonal Coefficient of Performance - Cooling (GasSCOPC) for gas-fired heat pumps based on season
43、al cooling output and seasonal cooling gas energyconsumption can be calculated as follows:Gas SCOPC= SCO / SCGECwhere:SCO = Seasonal cooling outputSCGEC = Seasonal cooling gas energy consumptionWhen used for rating purposes, values of SCOP shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.02.4.5 COST SE
44、ER. Cost Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (Cost SEER) is defined as the SEER requiredof an all-electric air conditioner or heat pump to match the cooling energy cost of a gas-fired heat pump. Itis calculated as follows:SCOCost SEER =SCGEC / (3.413 x FCR) + SCEEC6where:SCO = Seasonal cooling outputSC
45、GEC = Seasonal cooling gas energy consumptionSCEEC = Seasonal cooling electric energy consumptionFCR = Electric-to-Gas Fuel Cost RatioThe Fuel Cost Ratio is calculated as follows:FCR = 29.3 x ($/kWh) / ($/therm)where:$/kWh = cost of electric energy per kilowatt-hour$/therm = cost of gas per therm (1
46、00,000 Btu)The value of FCR usually ranges from 3 to 5 with the national average in recent years being approximately4.When used for rating purposes, values of Cost SEER shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05.4.6 SOURCE FUEL SEER. Source Fuel Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (Source Fuel SE
47、ER) isdefined as the SEER required of an all-electric air conditioner or heat pump to match the source fuelconsumption of the gas-fired heat pump when cooling for the case where the electric generating plant is fueledby gas. It is calculated as follows:SCOSource Fuel SEER =SCGEC x SER / 3.413 + SCEE
48、Cwhere:SCO = Seasonal cooling outputSGEC = Seasonal cooling gas energy consumptionSCEEC = Seasonal cooling electric energy consumptionSER = Source Energy RatioSER, the composit of electric source fuel efficiency and gas source fuel efficiency, is defined in 2.4.When used for rating purposes, values
49、of Source Fuel SEER shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of0.05.7SECTION 5HEATING SEASONAL EFFICIENCY RATINGS AND OPERATING COSTSOF RESIDENTIAL AIR-SOURCE APPLIANCES5.1 LIMITATIONS. This procedure for the determination of seasonal heating-mode energy costs andseasonal heating-mode efficiency parameters is limited to air-source (air-to-air and air-to-water) heat pumps witha maximum rated cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h (or with a maximum rated heating capacity less than65,000 Btu/h for heating-only heat pumps).5.2 SEASONAL HEATING OUTPUT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. The seasonal
