1、Z741-12Geological storage of carbon dioxideLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association and CSA America, Inc. (operating as “CSA Group”) develop standards through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada and the American National Standards Ins
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14、rmination of the validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA Group for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do only the following:If this document is in
15、electronic form:sLOADTHISDOCUMENTONTOACOMPUTERFORTHESOLEPURPOSEOFREVIEWINGITsSEARCHANDBROWSETHISDOCUMENTANDsPRINTTHISDOCUMENTIFITISIN0$(b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or
16、“no” answer will address the issue.Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are available on the Current Standards Activities page at standardsactivities.csa.ca.(5) This Standard is subject to periodic review, and sugg
17、estions for its improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to inquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) Standard designation (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure
18、 number;(c) wording of the proposed change; and(d) rationale for the change.Z741-12 2012 CSA Groupx October 2012AcknowledgementCSA Group gratefully acknowledges the generous support of IPAC-CO2 Research Inc., the International Performance Assessment Centre for geologic storage of Carbon Dioxide, in
19、making possible the development of this Standard. 2012 CSA Group Geological storage of carbon dioxideOctober 2012 1Z741-12Geological storage of carbon dioxide1Scope1.1This Standard(a)establishes requirements and recommendations for the geological storage of carbon dioxide. The purpose of these requi
20、rements is to promote environmentally safe and long-term containment of carbon dioxide in a way that minimizes risks to the environment and human health.(b) is primarily applicable to saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and does not preclude its application to storage associated with
21、 hydrocarbon recovery.(c) includes, but is not limited to, the safe design, construction, operation, maintenance, and closure of storage sites.(d) provides recommendations for the development of management documents, community engagement, risk assessment, and risk communication.Notes: (1) This Stand
22、ard recognizes that site selection and management are unique for each project and that intrinsic engineering risk(s) and uncertainties will be dealt with on a site-specific basis.(2) With reference to not precluding storage associated with hydrocarbon recovery, it is explicit that this Standard does
23、 not establish requirements or recommendations associated with enhanced hydrocarbon recovery using CO2. While not specifically intended to cover storage associated with enhanced hydrocarbon recovery operations, aspects of this Standard could be used for projects considering the long term storage of
24、CO2that occurs as an incident of routine enhanced recovery operations.1.2This Standard applies to the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) streams in geological media as defined in Clause 1.1.Note: Depending on the storage unit, the stream could include impurities for which health, environmental, and saf
25、ety risks require proper evaluation. This Standard does not allow waste and other matter to be added for the purpose of disposing of the added waste or other matter. However, a CO2stream can contain incidental associated substances from the source, capture, or injection process and/or trace substanc
26、es added to assist in CO2migration detection.1.3The project life cycle covers all aspects, periods, and stages of the storage project, beginning with those necessary to initiate the project (including site screening, selection, characterization, assessment, engineering, permitting, and construction)
27、, that lead to the start of injection and proceeding through subsequent operations until cessation of injection; and culminating in the post-injection period, which can include a closure period and a post-closure period. This Standard does not specify post-closure period requirements. Figure1 illust
28、rates the confines, limits, and boundaries of this Standard.Note: This Standard specifies that the post-closure period occurs only if a transfer of responsibility to a designated authority or other responsible entity takes place. If a transfer does not occur, the project remains in the closure perio
29、d and formal site closure does not occur.Z741-12 2012 CSA Group2 October 2012*This Standard acknowledges that permitting/approval by regulatory authorities will be required, throughout the project life cycle, through the closure period, in order for a project to proceed through the project life cycl
30、e. The permitting process is not included in the standard.In some cases, the designated authority might be the same as the regulatory authority.Figure 1Entities involved in the storage project life cycle(See Clauses 1.3, 4.1.5, and 8.2.1.)1.4This Standard does not apply to(a)the post-closure period;
31、(b) CO2injection and storage in unmineable coal beds, basalt formations, shales, and salt caverns;(c) underground storage in materials involving the use of any form of containers; and(d) disposal of acid gas.1.5In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the us
32、er shall satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability.Pos
33、t-injecg415on periodSitescreening andselecg415on periodSitecharacterizag415onperiodEng415tyOperag415onalperiodDesign anddevelopmentperiodRegulatoryauthority*(Private)operatorDesignatedauthority*Closure point: transfer of responsibility and liabilityStart ofinjecg415onCessag415on ofinjecg415onIterag4
34、15veprocessLimits of the StandardStorage project life cycleClosure periodPost closureperiod (notincluded inthe Standard) 2012 CSA Group Geological storage of carbon dioxideOctober 2012 3Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompan
35、ying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.1.6The valu
36、es given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.2 Reference publicationsThis Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed belo
37、w, including all amendments published thereto.CSA GroupCAN/CSA-Z662-11Pipeline Design and Management SystemsAPI (American Petroleum Institute)10TR1-2008Cement Sheath EvaluationBull E3 (R2000)-1993Well Abandonment and Inactive Well Practices for U.S. Exploration and Production Operations, Environment
38、al Guidance DocumentBull 5C2-1999Bulletin on Performance Properties of Casing, Tubing, and Drill PipeANSI/API Bull 6J-1992Testing of Oilfield Elastomers (A Tutorial)Bull 75L-2007Guidance Document for the Development of a Safety and Environmental Management System for Onshore Oil and Natural Gas Prod
39、uction Operations and Associated ActivitiesRP 5A3-2009Recommended Practice on Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing, Line Pipe, and Drill Stem ElementsRP 5A5 (R2010)-2005Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill PipeRP 5B1 (R2010)-1999Gauging and Inspection of Casing, Tubing and Pipe
40、 Line ThreadsRP 5C1 (R2010)-1999Recommended Practice for Care and Use of Casing and TubingRP 5C5 (R2010)-2003Recommended Practice on Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing Connections, Petroleum and natural gas industries Testing procedures for casing and tubing connectionsZ741-12 2012 CSA Group4
41、October 2012RP 5L2-2002Recommended Practice for the Internal Coating of Line Pipe for Non-Corrosive Gas Transmission ServiceRP 5L8-1996Field Inspection of New Line PipeRP 7G-1998Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operation LimitsRP 10B-2 (R2010)-2005Recommended Practice for Testing Well
42、CementsRP 10B-4 (R2010)-2004Recommended Practice on Preparation and Testing of Foamed Cement Slurries at Atmospheric PressureANSI/API RP 10B-5-2007Recommended Practice on Determination of Shrinkage and Expansion of Well Cement Formulations at Atmospheric PressureRP 10D-2 (R2010)-2004Recommended Prac
43、tice for Centralizer Placement and Stop Collar TestingANSI/API RP10F (R2010)-2002Recommended Practice for Performance Testing of Cementing Float EquipmentRP 15TL4-1999Care and Use of Fiberglass TubularsRP 53-1997Recommended Practices for Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling WellsRP 59-2
44、006Recommended Practice for Well Control OperationsRP 65-2002 Part 2Cementing Shallow Water Flow Zones in Deep Water WellsRP 75-2004Recommended Practice for Development of a Safety and Environmental Management Program (SEMP) for Offshore Operations and FacilitiesRP 96 (under development)Deepwater We
45、ll Design and ConstructionANSI/API Spec 5L-2007Specification for Line PipeSPEC 5CT-2011Specification for Casing and TubingSPEC 5CRA-2010Specification for Corrosion Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock 2012 CSA Group Geological storage of carbon dioxideOctober 2
46、012 5Spec 5L/ISO 3183:2007Specifications for Line PipeSpec 5LC-1998Specification for CRA Line PipeSpec 5LCP-2006Specification on Coiled Line PipeSpec 5LD-2009CRA Clad or Lined Steel PipeANSI/API Spec 6A-2010Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree EquipmentSpec 6D-2008Specification for Pipeline
47、 ValvesSpec 10A-2010Specification for Cements and Materials for Well CementingSpec 10D (R2010)-2002Specification for Bow-Spring Casing CentralizersSpec 11D1-2001Packers and Bridge PlugsANSI/API Spec 15HR-2001Specification for High Pressure Fiberglass Line PipeSpec 15LR (R2008)-2001Low Pressure Fiber
48、glass Line Pipe and FittingsTR 5C3-2008Technical Report on Equations and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Used as Casing or Tubing; and Performance Properties Tables for Casing and TubingASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)B31.4-2009Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
49、 Hydrocarbons and Other LiquidsISO (International Organization for Standardization)9001:2008Quality management systems RequirementsISO/TR 10400:2007Petroleum and natural gas industries Equations and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing10426-1:2009Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 1
