1、 ANSI/ASAE EP378.4 JUN2010 (R2014) Floor and Suspended Loads on Agricultural Structures Due to Use American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricul
2、tural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures
3、, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use
4、 by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective user
5、s are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standard
6、s, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due p
7、rocess, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple m
8、ajority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action
9、 be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE EP378.4 JUN2010 (R2014)
10、 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE EP378.4 JUN2010 (R2014) Revision approved July 2010; reaffirmed January 2015 as an American National Standard Floor and Suspended Loads on Agricultural Structures Due to Use Developed by the ASAE Agricultural Structures
11、 Code and Loads Imposed on Structures Committee; approved by the ASAE Structures and Environment Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE December 1975; revised March 1977, December 1981, February 1987; revised editorially December 1987; revised editorially and reconfirmed December 1991; reaffi
12、rmed December 1996, December 1997; reaffirmed December 1998, February 2004; reaffirmation extended for two years February 2009; revised June 2010; approved as an American National Standard July 2010; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2014; reaffirmed by ANSI January 2015. Keywords: Buildings, Floor, Load
13、s, Safety, Structures 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 This Engineering Practice presents probable floor and suspended loads due to building use and methods of applying the loads in building design. 1.2 This Engineering Practice includes recommended design loads resulting from livestock, suspended caged poul
14、try, vehicles, and manure stored on a floor. It does not include loads on manure storages, or wind and snow loads, or building design loads covered by ANSI/ASCE-7. Specifications for these applications are included in ASABE Engineering Practice EP393, Manure Storages. 2 Terminology 2.1 Terms used in
15、 this Engineering Practice are defined as follows: 2.1.1 dead load: Gravitational force due to mass of all material used in the building construction. 2.1.2 live load: Gravitational force due to mass of equipment, livestock, products, and other loads resulting from the use of the structure. 3 Floor
16、and Suspended Loads 3.1 The recommended design live load due to the use of the area is listed in Table 1. 3.1.1 Bulk milk tanks. Design floors under bulk tanks in milkrooms according to the mass of the tank plus contents and the support system of the tank. 3.1.2 Manure. Where manure can accumulate,
17、increase the design load by 10.2 kN/m2(65 lbf/ft2) per meter (foot) of manure depth. 3.1.3 Cages. Base design loads for floor-supported cages on mass and support intervals. 3.1.4 Suspended poultry cages. Loads for suspended poultry cages are based on 4-row (double deck) or 6-row (triple deck) cages
18、with two birds per 200 mm (8 in.) cage, or three birds per 300 mm (12 in.) cage, and 50 mm (2 in.) of manure accumulated on dropping boards under upper cages. For other configurations, consult the manufacturer. ANSI/ASAE EP378.4 JUN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biologic
19、al Engineers 2 Table 1 Recommended design floor live loads due to use1Solid Floors* and Floor Support Slat per Unit LengthkN/m2lbf/ft2kN/m lbf/ft Beef cattle Calves to 135 kg (300 lb) 2.4 50 2.2 150 Feeders, breeders 4.8 100 3.7 250 Dairy cattle (see 3.1.1) Calves to 135 kg (300 lb) 2.4 50 2.2 150 M
20、ature 4.8 100 3.7 250 stall area 2.9 60 3.7 250 maternity or hospital pen 2.4 50 3.7 250 Swine (see 3.2.2) to 25 kg (50 lb) 1.7 35 0.73 50 90 kg (200 lb) 2.4 50 1.5 100 180 kg (400 lb) 3.1 65 2.2 150 225 kg (500 lb) 3.4 70 2.5 170 Sheep Feeders 1.9 40 1.5 100 Ewes, rams 2.4 50 1.8 120 Horses 4.8 100
21、 3.7 250 Turkeys 1.5 30 0.37 25 Chickens (see 3.1.3, 3.1.4) Floor houses 1.0 20 0.22 15 Greenhouses 2.4 50 Manure (see 3.1.2) 10.265 Shops, storage, vehicles (see 3.3) Chickens (see 3.1.4), suspended cages per length of cage row Suspended Load kN/m lbf/ft Full stair step (double deck no dropping boa
22、rds) 1.1 75 Modified stair step (double deck, with dropping boards) 1.6 110 Modified stair step (triple deck, with dropping boards) 2.2 150 kN/m2lbf/ft2Greenhouses (see 3.1.6) Crop 0.2 4 1Live load as that are a function of livestock weight may be modified for weights not listed using sound engineer
23、ing principles. *For floors that are outdoors, add suitable design snow loads on the ground. Increase solid floor live load 25% for floors supporting crowded animals (e.g. crowding pen, dairy holding pen with automatic gate, handling alleys near loading chute). Check slats for 1.1 kN (250 lbf) conce
24、ntrated load. Per meter of depth. Per foot of depth. 3.1.5 Storage. Calculate design load for product storage on the basis of individual mass but no less than 4.8 kN/m2(100lbf/ft2). 3.1.6 Greenhouses. Bottom chord panel points of roof trusses shall be capable of safely supporting a minimum concentra
25、ted live load of 450 N (100 lbf) applied at any panel point. ANSI/ASAE EP378.4 JUN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 3.1.7 Combined. Add equipment and vehicle loads to the animal loads in Table 1 where appropriate. 3.1.8 Heating, ventilating, and air c
26、onditioning (HVAC) and other equipment. Base design on equipment mass and support system specified. 3.1.9 Cranes and hoists. Procedures and data for structural loads from cranes and hoists are included in model building codes and Metal Building Systems Manual. 3.2 The recommended design loads on slo
27、tted floors in livestock pens are listed in Table 1. 3.2.1 An alternate requirement for slats, which may dictate design, is a single concentrated load of 1.1 kN (250 lbf) located first for maximum moment, then for maximum shear, in slats and slat supports. 3.2.2 Design slotted floors in farrowing pe
28、ns for a single concentrated load of 1.1 kN (250 lbf) located first for maximum moment, then for maximum shear, in slats and slat supports. 3.2.3 Where slats are interconnected between supports so that three or more slats must deflect together, design each span of slat between support and interconne
29、ction, and between two interconnections, for the recommended load per unit length of slat. Design the full span of each slat for one-half the recommended load per unit length. 3.3 Vehicle loads. The following are for vehicles in storage or slow-moving vehicles, as in buildings, alleys, emptying manu
30、re storages, etc. 3.3.1 Uniformly distributed. The minimum design load on a floor area used for farm machinery with traffic limited to access and egress should be 7.2 kN/m2(150 lbf/ft2). When the machinery, including mounted equipment, exceeds 5900 kg (13,000 lb), the minimum design load should be 9
31、.6 kN/m2(200 lbf/ft2). 3.3.2 Concentrated. In the absence of specific information, use the following information to determine the floor area over which the load is distributed for calculating the minimum design load. For tractors and implements: 22 kN (5000 lbf) per wheel; tread print = 200 mm 300 m
32、m (8 in. 12 in.). For loaded trucks not exceeding 9 t (20,000 lbm) gross vehicle weight (GVW): 36 kN (8000 lbf) per wheel; tread print = 100 mm 500 mm (4 in. 20 in.) For loaded trucks exceeding 9 t (20,000 lbm) GVW: 54 kN (12,000 lbf) per wheel; tread print = 150 mm 560 mm (6 in. 22 in.). 3.3.3 Load
33、ing and processing. In cases where the area (minimum traffic or driveway) is to serve as a place for loading, unloading, or processing, increase minimum design loads by 50% for impact, to allow for impact or vibrations of machinery or equipment. Cited and Other Loading Standards ASAE EP393 Manure St
34、orages ANSI/ASCE-7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures ANSI/ASAE EP433 Loads Exerted by Free-Flowing Grains on Bins ASAE EP538 Design Loads for Bunker (Horizontal) Silos ANSI/ASAE EP 545 Loads Exerted by Free-Flowing Grain on Shallow Storage Structures References MBMA. Metal Building Systems Manual. Metal Building Manufacturers Assn., Cleveland, OH. NGMA. Standard for Design Loads in Greenhouse Structures. National Greenhouse Manufactures Assn., Pana, IL.
