1、 ANSI E1.34 2009 (R2014) Entertainment Technology Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Floors/2006-8013r3a This document was approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on 29 May 2014. It is a reaffirmation of the 200
2、9 edition. This standard was originally published when the Entertainment Services and Technology Association was operating under the name of PLASA North America. ESTA has reverted to its original name, and this document has been rebranded with the current corporate name and logo. No changes have bee
3、n made to the contents of the standard. 2017 ESTA ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues intentionally blank page ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues NOTICE and DISCLAIMER ESTA does n
4、ot approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment or materials for compliance with codes, recommended practices or standards. Compliance with a ESTA standard or an American National Standard developed by ESTA is the sole and exclusive responsibility of the manufacturer or prov
5、ider and is entirely within their control and discretion. Any markings, identification or other claims of compliance do not constitute certification or approval of any type or nature whatsoever by ESTA. ESTA neither guarantees nor warrants the accuracy or completeness of any information published he
6、rein and disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damage or injury of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document. In issuing and distributing this d
7、ocument. In issuing this document, ESTA does not either (a) undertake to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, or (b) undertake any duty to any person or entity with respect to this document or its contents. Anyone using this document should rely on his or h
8、er own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance. Published by: Entertainment Services and Technology Association 630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 609 New York, NY 10036 USA Phone: 1-212-244-15
9、05 Fax: 1-212-244-1502 standardsesta.org 2017 ESTA i Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues The ESTA Technical Standards Program The ESTA Technical Standards Program was created to serve the ESTA membership and the entertai
10、nment industry in technical standards related matters. The goal of the Program is to take a leading role regarding technology within the entertainment industry by creating recommended practices and standards, monitoring standards issues around the world on behalf of our members, and improving commun
11、ications and safety within the industry. ESTA works closely with the technical standards efforts of other organizations within our industry, including USITT and VPLT, as well as representing the interests of ESTA members to ANSI, UL, and the NFPA. The Technical Standards Program is accredited by the
12、 American National Standards Institute. The Technical Standards Council (TSC) was established to oversee and coordinate the Technical Standards Program. Made up of individuals experienced in standards-making work from throughout our industry, the Council approves all projects undertaken and assigns
13、them to the appropriate working group. The Technical Standards Council employs a Technical Standards Manager to coordinate the work of the Council and its working groups as well as maintain a “Standards Watch” on behalf of members. Working groups include: Control Protocols, Electrical Power, Event S
14、afety, Floors, Fog and Smoke, Followspot Position, Photometrics, Rigging, and Stage Lifts. ESTA encourages active participation in the Technical Standards Program. There are several ways to become involved. If you would like to become a member of an existing working group, as have over four hundred
15、people, you must complete an application which is available from the ESTA office. Your application is subject to approval by the working group and you will be required to actively participate in the work of the group. This includes responding to letter ballots and attending meetings. Membership in E
16、STA is not a requirement. You can also become involved by requesting that the TSC develop a standard or a recommended practice in an area of concern to you. The Floors Working Group, which authored this Standard, consists of a cross section of entertainment industry professionals representing a dive
17、rsity of interests. ESTA is committed to developing consensus-based standards and recommended practices in an open setting. 2017 ESTA ii Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Contact Information Technical Standards Manager
18、 Karl G. Ruling ESTA 630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 609 New York, NY 10036 USA 1-212-244-1505 karl.rulingesta.org Assistant Technical Standards Manager Erin Grabe ESTA 630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 609 New York, NY 10036 USA 1-212-244-1505 erin.grabeesta.org Technical Standards Council Chairpersons Mike Garl Mik
19、e Garl Consulting LLC 1-865-389-4371 Mike Wood Mike Wood Consulting LLC 1-512-288-4916 Floors Working Group Chairpersons Jerry Gorrell Theatre Safety Programs 1-480-837-9401 Tim Hansen Oasis Stage Werks 1-801-363-0364 thansenoasis- 2017 ESTA iii Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Speci
20、fying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Acknowledgments The Floors Working Group members when this document was approved by the working group on 22 April 2014 are shown below. Voting members: K.J. Bartosh U Patricia Basileo; Harlequin Corporation MP Bob Dagger; Harlequin Cor
21、poration MP Jerry Gorrell; Theatre Safety Programs U Tim Hansen; Oasis Stage Werks MP Pete Happe; Walt Disney Company U Gary Justesen; Oasis Stage Werks MP Fred Kosiewski; Walt Disney Company U Bob McVay; Schuler Shook DE Jeff T. Miller; Walt Disney Company U Kimberly Corbett Oates; Schuler Shook DE
22、 Monona Rossol; IATSE Local 829 G Robert R. Scales U Observer (non-voting) members: Fred Allen; Fred Allen Solotech Inc. DR Ron Bonner; PLASA EU G Mark Elliott; Walt Disney Company U Nevin Kleege; Kleege Industries G David Nash; StoweNash Associates LLC U Caroline Rault; Rosco Laboratories MP Kimber
23、ly Rimbold; Actors Equity Association G David H. Rosenburg; Theatre Projects Consultants U Keith Sklar; Actors Equity Association G Steven Wiese; Wenger Corp. MP Interest category codes: DE = designer DR = dealer rental company G = general interest MP = mass-market producer U = user 2017 ESTA iv Flo
24、ors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Table of Contents Acknowledgments . iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Application 1 3 Basic Test Equipment . 1 3.1 The dragsled . 1 3.2* The Spring Balance or Tension Gauge . 2 3.3* The Pushstick 2 4 Gene
25、ral Testing Procedure . 4 4.1 Preparation of the floor surface material to be tested and the stainless steel test feet 4 4.2* Weighing the dragsled . 5 4.3 Conducting the test 6 5 Specific Testing Procedure . 6 5.1 Preparation of the floor surface material to be tested 6 5.2* Preparation of the sled
26、s test feet 7 5.3 Conducting the test 7 6 Calculating and reporting the test results 7 Annex A (informational, not mandatory) . 8 2017 ESTA v Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues 1 Scope This standard describes means of m
27、easuring and specifying the slipperiness of floor surface materials used by performers in live entertainment venues. The standard is not intended to be applied to normal walking and working surfaces, but only to those floor surface materials used by actors, dancers, and other similar artists when re
28、hearsing or performing. 2 Application This standard offers two procedures for measuring and specifying the slipperiness of floor surface materials used by performers to address particular measurement problems. The two testing procedures are to address two different uses for measurements of floor sli
29、pperiness. The first testing procedure, the General Testing Procedure, is intended to render a number that can be used in comparing the relative slipperiness of floor materials when the friction materials are the floor surface and stainless steel. It is likely to be useful for marketing purposes and
30、 for comparisons between floor materials, but it may not be representative of the slipperiness experienced by a performer in a particular situation, since the performer is unlikely to have footwear with soles and heels made of stainless steel. The second testing procedure, the Specific Testing Proce
31、dure, provides a means of rendering a slipperiness number for a floor surface when specific footwear material is contacting it. This procedure may be useful for helping solving problems when a performer reports that a floor is too slippery or too sticky by allowing objective measurement of the slipp
32、eriness. Having an objective measurement can help facilitate finding different floor or footwear materials that are less slippery or sticky to satisfy the performer. Clauses marked with an asterisk have a corresponding explanatory note in Annex A. The note has the same clause number but has an “A.“
33、prefix. All the explanatory notes in Annex A are informational and do not add or remove any requirements from this standard. 3 Basic Test Equipment The basic test equipment consists of a dragsled, a spring balance or force gauge, and a push stick, which serves as a means of drawing the dragsled acro
34、ss a sample of floor surface material. 3.1 The dragsled 3.1.1* The dragsled shall be a rigid body, approximately 240 mm long by 120 mm wide, with a uniformly distributed mass of 5 kilograms, plus or minus 25 grams. 3.1.2 The dragsled shall be supported on three cylindrical stainless steel feet, each
35、 machined at the tip to provide a flat bearing surface of 7 mm diameter and provided with a chamfer of 2 mm radius to allow the test foot to slide unimpeded across the test piece. 3.1.2.1* The stainless steel feet shall be made of type 304, X5CrNi18-10, or 18/8 stainless steel alloy. 2017 ESTA 1 Flo
36、ors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues 3.1.2.2 The test feet shall protrude 19 mm perpendicular to the base of the dragsled, and be set in the form of an isosceles triangle with a base of 80 mm and height of 170 mm. 3.1.3* The
37、 leading edge of the dragsled, which is the edge closest to the foot at the apex of the isosceles triangle, shall have a means to attach the sled to a flexible cotton, nylon, or polypropylene multi-strand cord, 2 to 4 mm in diameter. 3.2* The Spring Balance or Tension Gauge The spring balance or ten
38、sion gauge shall be able to measure a range of forces from zero up to a force equivalent to the weight of the dragsled with measurement increments equivalent to 50 grams or smaller. 3.3* The Pushstick The pushstick serves as a means to manually move the dragsled across the floor surface. 3.3.1 The p
39、ushstick shall consist of a long handle attached to a freely turning wheel (or wheels) that can roll along the floor. The handle shall be long enough to allow a person to walk upright, pushing the pushstick ahead of him or her, with the handle at about a 45 degree angle from the horizontal. 3.3.2* A
40、 freely turning pulley shall be mounted near the wheel (or wheels) at the bottom of the handle. A flexible cotton, nylon, or polypropylene multi-strand cord, 2 to 4 mm in diameter, shall run parallel to the floor from the dragsled to the pulley, through the pulley, and up to the spring balance or te
41、nsion gauge. The pulley shall have a sheave diameter that is at least 12 times the cord diameter. 3.3.3 The spring balance or tension gauge shall be mounted at the top of the handle in such a manner that it is easily read and easily operated if it has any controls. 2017 ESTA 2 Floors/2006-8013r3a AN
42、SI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Figure 3.3 One possible implementation of the testing rig, ready for use, with operator The pushstick is at about a 45 degree angle from the horizontal. The flexible cord runs from the dragsled, through the
43、 pulley, up to the spring balance or force gauge. As specified in clause 3.3.2, the cord is parallel to the floor from the dragsled to the pulley. The spring balance or force gauge is near the operator where it can be easily seen and operated. 2017 ESTA 3 Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring an
44、d Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues 4 General Testing Procedure 4.1 Preparation of the floor surface material to be tested and the stainless steel test feet 4.1.1 If the test is to be conducted at the manufacturing quality-control stage of a floor surface material
45、, ensure the area of the floor surface to be tested is wiped clean with a dry cloth to remove any dirt, dust, or other contaminants. 4.1.2 If the test is to be conducted on floor surface material as it is used in the field, do not clean the material but test it as it is in the field. 4.1.3 The floor
46、 surface material to be tested shall be mounted or held in a horizontal position. 4.1.4 If the floor surface material to be tested is flexible, it shall be supported by a rigid, flat, horizontal surface. 4.1.5 Ensure that the stainless steel test feet are clean. Also ensure that the solution used to
47、 clean the feet is removed. 2017 ESTA 4 Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues 4.2* Weighing the dragsled Figure 4.2 Weighing the dragsled Notice that the angle between the cord running from the sled to the pulley and from
48、the pulley to the spring balance or force gauge is the same as the angle shown in Figure 3.3. The dragsled shall be weighed with the spring balance via the cord and pulley on the pushstick, with the dragsled hanging below the pulley. The angle between the cord running from the sled to the pulley and
49、 from the pulley to the spring balance or force gauge shall be equal to the angle when the pushstick is used with the wheel on the floor, as shown in Figure 3.3, within the tolerances shown in Table 4.2: 2017 ESTA 5 Floors/2006-8013r3a ANSI E1.34, Measuring and Specifying the Slipperiness of Floors Used in Live Performance Venues Angle with wheel on floor, pulling the dragsled Angular range when weighing the dragsled 60 de
