1、 American National Standard ANSI/HPS N2.1-2011 (R2016) Radiation Symbol Approved 17 October 2011 Reaffirmed 11 January 2017 American National Standards Institute, Inc. ii Published by Health Physics Society 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd. Suite 402 McLean, VA 22101 Copyright 2017 by the Health Physics Soc
2、iety. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI/HPS N2.1-2011 (R2016) iii This standard was developed under the author
3、ity of the Health Physics Society Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) N13, Radiation Protection. The Working Group responsible for this standard had the following members: John W. Poston, Sr., Co-Chair (Texas A management of a licensee; a state or federal regulator; the first responder community (m
4、ost likely members of a fire department, police/sheriff depart-ment or hazardous materials response unit); or any other appropriate authority. A trained professional, such as a health physicist, should use caution in choosing to take direct action in addressing situations of improper use, unless he
5、or she has some specific authority as a basis for action. In no case should a concerned citizen take action, but rather he or she should notify an appropriate authority of the situation. Example 1: Printed or written educa-tional or commercial material. In these situations the radiation symbol may b
6、e formally printed on the cover of a textbook, radiation protection reference, or training material; commercial applications may be on a catalog of radiation protection supplies, pamphlets, binders, or business cards, indicating an association with the radiation protection profession or activities.
7、Discussion: Section 5.1 of the Standard clearly allows for use of the symbol to educate and inform, such as in textbooks, technical reference material, and training material. Use of the radiation symbol in the more commercial applications described above (catalog, business cards) that are at least p
8、eripherally related to the radiation protection profession would not confuse any reasonable person, particularly if colors other than those stipulated in the standard are used. Similar uses by professional organizations, such as the Health Physics Society, on written material would also fall within
9、this category. No formal action is necessary for these types of uses. Example 2: Consumer items in office, home, or school settings. These types of uses are mainly decorative in their respective settings. They could range from the radiation symbol being woven into an area rug or blanket, on banners,
10、 embedded on a recognition plaque or as a logo on a coffee mug or pen, or a sticker placed on a students notebook. Discussion: Section 5.1 of the Standard clearly prohibits decorative use of the radiation symbol and these types of uses are strongly discouraged, particularly if they ANSI/HPS N2.1-201
11、1 5 could result in confusion or the implication that radiation or radioactive material is present. In most of these situations, particularly in the home or a dormitory room, there would be no confusion or implication of radiation present. However, depending upon the type of office or school locatio
12、n, the potential for confusion may exist. The example of a notebook labeled with the radiation symbol would appear to result in little confusion; however, should such a notebook have an official-looking label or tape and be discovered in an office or laboratory where radioactive materials may curren
13、tly be or have been present, then caution or some additional investigation may be warranted. Normally, no formal action would be required for improper decorative use, even though it clearly does not meet the requirements of the Standard. However, depending upon the situation in which the item is fou
14、nd, more formal action could be warranted. In a case such as this it is preferable that the appropriate authority such as a campus radiation safety officer confirm that radioactive materials are not present and request or insist the radiation symbol be removed or adequately defaced. Example 3: Perso
15、nal items such as clothing or jewelry. The radiation symbol may be present individually or with other symbols and text as a logo or printed on clothing and apparel, such as caps, shirts and t-shirts, and jackets. It may also be present as a logo on other items such as banners, or on jewelry items su
16、ch as class rings or pins. Discussion: These uses are clearly decor-ative and thus are prohibited by Section 5.1 of the Standard. However, it is unlikely that a reasonable person would confuse a logo used in this manner as being indicative of the actual presence of radiation or radioactive material.
17、 This would include the item as it is worn, lying on a shelf, in the laundry, or in the trash. Many who find themselves in the field of radiation protection or hazardous material response use the radiation symbol as part of their unit or professional society logo. Sometimes these symbols are intenti
18、onally modified so as to be differentiated from the requirements of Section 4.0 or Section 6.0 of the standard, but the intent to represent the radiation symbol is clear. Together with other symbols and text there would appear to be little confusion that a radiation symbol used in this fashion indic
19、ates the presence of radioactive material. Such groups should use caution and preferably refrain from using the radiation symbol in this fashion. No formal action is required. Example 4: Food items, such as candy. Various types of food products, most notably candy, including that in powder, pellet,
20、pill, or stick form, may be marketed with the radiation symbol on the packaging or stamped into the surface of solid forms. Discussion: Marketing of such food items with the radiation symbol on the packaging is clearly decorative and thus is prohibited by Section 5.1 of the Standard. It is unlikely
21、that a reasonable person would confuse a logo used in this manner as being indicative of the actual presence of radiation or radioactive material, because the colors (Section 6.0) and shape or proportion (Section 4.0) are typically modified for the same marketing purposes. The potential for stamping
22、 the radiation symbol into solid forms of candy or food items raises a greater concern. Stamping raises of possibility of misidentification with etched sources of radiation as discussed in Section 6.0. Depending upon how the stamping is done, these types of uses could require formal action by approp
23、riate authorities. Action should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Marketing likely requires no action, but stamped candy or food items may require action by authorities. Example 5: Works of art. The radiation symbol may be incorporated into works of art, such as paintings, sculpture, various ty
24、pes of metalwork, and so on. Discussion: Clearly, works of art are decorative although a particular artist may disagree and argue for a greater level of meaning and are contrary to the intent of ANSI/HPS N2.1-2011 6 Section 5.1 of the Standard. Here again, it is unlikely that a reasonable person wou
25、ld confuse a radiation symbol incorporated into a work of art as being indicative of actual radiation or radioactive material. Depending on the application, artworks should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. No formal action is required. Example 6: Unremoved or undefaced symbols remaining. In the
26、se situations labels or signs with the radiation symbol are discovered on the doors of rooms that were previously used for radioactive materials or were found on old containers or equipment that may previously have been used in producing radiation or for radioactive material. X-ray machines are incl
27、uded in this category. Discussion: These types of situations es-calate beyond the simpler improper use of the radiation symbol and may raise potential concerns about delayed emergency response activities and/or inadequate close-out (decommissioning) surveys. Unneces-sary concerns may be raised by wo
28、rkers or members of the public, which could result in regulatory violations by licensees or registrants. When these situations are encountered in a facility or location that is abandoned or clearly has no current radiation safety program, formal action is required by authorities, and they should be
29、notified without unreasonable delay. If these situ-ations are encountered in a facility or location that is operational, the facility and/or licensees responsible authorities should be notified without unreasonable delay. ANSI/HPS N2.1-2011 7 Annex B (Informative) Preferred Colors for the Radiation Symbol This Annex provides examples of the radiation symbol using the preferred colors stated in Section 6.1. 1. Magenta symbol on yellow background.2. Purple symbol on yellow background. 3. Black symbol on yellow background. 4. Limited use; black symbol on white background.
