1、Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1997. Printed in the United States of Ame
2、rica.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Authorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on Februa
3、ry 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1043-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Voltage Endurance Testing ofForm-Wound Bars and Coils.)The voltage endurance test for full size stator bars and coils has been used by generato
4、r manufacturers andusers for almost 40 years. The first version of the recommended practice was issued in 1985. Its use over theyears showed that the recommended practice needed to be clarified, and ambiguities needed to be elimi-nated. The present version has attempted to do this. Compared to the f
5、irst version, there are no major differ-ences in the testing procedure. This recommended practice was prepared by the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS) Volt-age Endurance Technical Committee, which had the following membership:G. C. Stone,ChairThe following persons were on the bal
6、loting committee:Ray BartmikasS. CherukupalliRobert E. DraperFranklin T. EmeryMike FortGuanzhong GaoT. C. GargJames J. GrantGlenn GriffinGary GriffithBal K. GuptaAl IversenRon JohnsenChaman L. KaulLyle KlataskeWilliam M. McDermidJames McDonaldG. Harold MillerCharles MilletBeant S. NindraPhil Reppert
7、James E. TimperleyDavid TrainVicki WarrenEdward J. AdolphsonDana K. ArndtRoy L . BalkeE. A. BoulterRobert E. DraperFranklin T. EmeryNirmal K. GhaiBrian E. B.GottJames J. GrantFranklin H. GroomsBal K. GuptaChaman L. KaulLyle KlataskeSteve C. LindholmTerrence J. LorenzWillam M. McDermidG. Harold Mille
8、rOsman M. NassarBeant S. NindraWilliam B. PennRobert H. RehderCharles M. RoweGreg C. StoneJames E. TimperleyRichard F. WeddletonC. A. WilsonDaniel I. YoungAuthorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ivWhen t
9、he IEEE Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 19 September 1996, it had the fol-lowing membership:Donald C. Loughry,ChairRichard J. Holleman,Vice ChairAndrew G. Salem,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. AggarwalAl
10、an H. CooksonChester C. TaylorRochelle L. SternIEEE Standards Project EditorGilles A. BarilClyde R. CampJoseph A. CannatelliStephen L. DiamondHarold E. EpsteinDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Donald N. HeirmanBen C. JohnsonE. G. “Al” KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertLawrence V. McCallL.
11、 Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettJohn W. PopeJose R. RamosArthur K. ReillyRonald H. ReimerGary S. RobinsonIngo RschJohn S. RyanChee Kiow TanLeonard L. TrippHoward L. WolfmanAuthorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplo
12、re. Restrictions apply. vContentsCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. References 23. Definitions 24. Testing equipment 24.1 Power supply 44.2 Protection . 44.3 Metering. 44.4 Temperature control. 65. Specimen preparation. 75.1 Pretest evaluation. 75.2 Electrode system 85.3 Application
13、 of heater plates . 85.4 Thermocouple application . 96. Voltage endurance testing and safety considerations 96.1 Grounding 96.2 Discharging considerations 96.3 Test areas, lights, and interlocks 96.4 Experience 106.5 Failure currents and trip circuits 106.6 High voltage test-lead connections 106.7 H
14、ealth concerns 107. Test procedures 107.1 Temperature stabilization. 107.2 Application of voltage 107.3 Failure 117.4 Suggested test records 117.5 Test parameters to be defined 128. Data analysis and consideration for interpretation. 128.1 Test data. 128.2 Analysis of data from many samples. 13ANNEX
15、A (informative) Bibliography 14Authorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. 1IEEE Recommended Practice for Voltage-Endurance Testing ofForm-Wound Bars and Coils1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis recommended practice co
16、vers the voltage endurance testing of form-wound bars and coils for use inlarge rotating machine stator windings. Such testing is defined for machines with a nominal voltage rating upto 30 000 V. These tests are to be applied at 50 Hz or 60 Hz and may be done at either room temperature orelevated te
17、mperature. (Testing at 50 Hz or 60 Hz may yield different times to failure for comparable sam-ples.) The specimen to be tested should be representative of the bars or coils used in the machine, and shouldinclude the complete insulated bar and external grading construction that the machine winding wo
18、uld have.Special features different than those used in the machine should not be added to the test specimens.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this recommended practice is to define a voltage endurance test method for use on insulated,form-wound bars and coils for installation in large rotating machine stat
19、ors. These voltage endurance testsmay be applied to representative specimens of form-wound, insulated bars and coils for either new machinesor machines to be rewound. The intent of this document is to define the specimen, the associated testingequipment, and the procedure for performing these voltag
20、e endurance tests. Specific numerical values foracceptable voltage endurance lifetimes are not recommended at this time. The voltage and temperature ofthe test, the minimum acceptable lifetime, and the number of specimens to be tested should be establishedprior to testing (see 7.5).Authorized licens
21、ed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEEStd 1043-1996 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR VOLTAGE ENDURANCE 22. ReferencesThe following publications shall be used in conjunction with this standard. When the following stand
22、ards aresuperseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.ASTM D1868-93, Standard Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses inEvaluation of Insulation Systems.1IEEE Std 4-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing (ANSI).2IEEE Std 43-1974 (Reaf
23、f 1991), IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of RotatingMachinery (ANSI).IEEE P286 (D12/1-7-97), Draft Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power-Factor Tip-Up of Rotat-ing Machinery Stator Coil Insulation.3IEEE Std 930-1987 (Reaff 1995), IEEE Guide for the Statistical Ana
24、lysis of Electrical Insulation VoltageEndurance Data (ANSI).3. Definitions3.1 groundwall insulation:The main high-voltage electrical insulation that separates the copper conductorsfrom the grounded stator core in motor and generator stator windings.3.2 semiconductive slot coating:The partially condu
25、ctive paint or tape layer in intimate contact with thegroundwall insulation in the slot portion of the stator core. This coating ensures that there is little voltagebetween the surface of the coil or bar and the grounded stator core.3.3 stress control coating:The paint or tape on the outside of the
26、groundwall insulation that extends severalcentimeters beyond the semiconductive slot coating in high-voltage stator bars and coils. The stress controlcoating often contains silicon carbide particles that tend to linearize the electric field distribution along thecoil or bar endturn. The stress contr
27、ol coating overlaps the semiconductive slot coating to provide electricalcontact between them.3.4 test temperature:The temperature of the heater plates mounted on the stator coil or bar, as measured bya temperature sensor embedded within the heater plate.3.5 voltage endurance: The time-to-failure of
28、 the groundwall insulation under a high electrical stress.4. Testing equipmentVoltage endurance testing imposes specific requirements on the testing equipment in order that the resultswill be valid and the variance will be minimized. A practical testing equipment arrangement is describedbelow and il
29、lustrated in figure 1.1ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959, USA.2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscatawa
30、y,NJ 08855-1331, USA.3This IEEE standards project was not approved by the IEEE Standards Board at the time this publication went to press. For informationabout obtaining a draft, contact the IEEE.Authorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from
31、IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEETESTING OF FORM-WOUND BARS AND COILS Std 1043-19963Figure 1A suggested circuit arrangement of the voltage endurance testAuthorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEESt
32、d 1043-1996 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR VOLTAGE ENDURANCE 4To ensure accuracy and traceability, it is necessary for the test laboratory to establish and maintain calibra-tion and accuracy records for all relevant test equipment.4.1 Power supplyA power supply with a variable output voltage should b
33、e used that can be set precisely and that will remainat the same output voltage level for the duration of the test, which may extend to thousands of hours. The root-mean-square (rms) input voltage should be regulated to 1.5%. The ratio of peak-to-peak voltage to rms volt-age should be equal to withi
34、n 5% and should be stable over the duration of the test. Note that a differ-ence greater than 5% may result in shorter insulation life due to a greater number of voltage harmonics.The volt-ampere rating of the high-voltage transformer is dependent on the specimen load. The specimenload may affect th
35、e waveshape. The transformers response in turn determines the harmonic content of thevoltage waveform. Waveform distortion is primarily caused by the odd harmonics, with the third and fifthharmonics predominating. For voltage waveforms to meet a 5% requirement, the third harmonicamplitude will norma
36、lly be no greater than about 10% of the amplitude of the fundamental. Means are avail-able for improving the waveshape, including adjusting the capacitance on the primary or the secondary ofthe transformer.The important features of a typical power supply arrangement are identified in figure 1. Volta
37、ge applicationis best accomplished with a variable transformer feeding a step-up transformer. A hand-operated autotrans-former is suitable for voltage control, but motor operation with adjustable rate-of-rise is a convenient featurethat offers a smooth voltage ramp.4.2 ProtectionIn addition to a pri
38、mary breaker in the supply, there should be a suitably rated contactor feeding the variabletransformer. The contactor coil should have the following trip contacts wired in series:a) The contact from an adjustable overcurrent trip circuit that operates from the neutral side of thehigh-voltage winding
39、. The trip value is set just above the normal current level (150% suggestedmaximum) on initial energization. This protection should operate fast enough to minimize damageto the specimen from the fault current when the specimen fails.b) A contact from a large, emergency-trip button of the “mushroom”
40、type that is mounted in a promi-nent location on the front of the control panel to de-energize immediately the high-voltage supply ifnecessary.c) An interlock contact that prevents entry into the test cage/area while the transformer is energized.d) A zero-position limit contact on the variable autot
41、ransformer to prevent energization in any positionbut the zero-voltage position.4.3 Metering4.3.1 VoltageA direct and accurate measurement of the high-voltage that is applied to the specimens is required. A poten-tial transformer or capacitive voltage divider on the high-voltage side of the step-up
42、transformer should beconnected to a good quality meter ( 1%) on the control panel. Alternatively, a suitable high-voltage voltme-ter can be connected directly across the specimen. The equipment calibration shall be in terms of peak-to-peak voltage divided by .Applied voltage during the test shall be
43、 determined within an uncertainty of 1.5% of full scale and moni-tored during the test in such a way as to ensure no more than a specified variation ( 2% recommended)222222Authorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on February 4, 2010 at 13:29 from IEEE Xplore. Restriction
44、s apply. IEEETESTING OF FORM-WOUND BARS AND COILS Std 1043-19965occurs. The applied voltage waveshape may not be exactly sinusoidal. Therefore, although the voltage spec-ification should be in terms of the rms voltage, the actual measurement should be in terms of the peak-to-peak applied voltage sin
45、ce this is the single quantity that best determines the amount of partial discharge.Such a measurement might be made by an oscilloscope with a suitable voltage divider. Another practical means of measuring peak-to-peak voltage, requiring a high-voltage capacitor, a dc milliam-meter, and a low-voltag
46、e diode bridge rectifier, is shown in figure 2. This circuit will provide a sufficientlyaccurate indication of voltage, provided that the voltage waveshape does not have harmonics large enough tocreate intermediate reversals of slope between each peak and the succeeding peak of the opposite sign.4.3
47、.2 CurrentMetering of the load current on the high-voltage side of the transformer is desirable and is facilitated byintroducing between the neutral terminal of the high-voltage winding and ground either a current trans-former and ammeter or a directly connected milliammeter. Usually 5% precision is
48、 sufficient in this case.The current meter may have a bypass switch to protect it from fault currents that result from a specimen fail-ure. This switch should be in the bypass position except when a reading is required. The current measuringdevice is to be in series with the recommended overcurrent
49、sensor see 4.2, item a).4.3.3 Elapsed timeThe test time of the specimens are monitored either by an elapsed time meter with a resolution of 0.1 h or acomputer-controlled data acquisition system with a resolution of 0.1 h. The test time measuring system isconnected across the input to the variable autotransformer, and consequently, it only operates when the spec-imens are energized. It stops when the supply is shut off or is tripped off by a specimen failure.Figure 2Peak-to-peak voltmeterI = 2p CfVppAuthorized licensed use limited to: IHS Stephanie Dejesus. Downloaded on Febr
