1、IEEE Std 111-2000(Revision ofIEEE Std 111-1984)IEEE StandardsIEEE Standard for Wide-Band (GreaterThan 1 Decade) TransformersPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA28 September 2001IEEE Power Electronics SocietySponsored by t
2、heElectronics Transformer Technical CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94808PDF: SS94808The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 28 S
3、eptember 2001. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-1928-8 SH94808 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1926-6 SS94808No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 111-2000 (
4、R2007)(Revision ofIEEE Std 111-1984)IEEE Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade) TransformersSponsorElectronics Transformer Technical Committeeof theIEEE Power Electronics SocietyReaffirmed 26 September 2007Approved 8 March 2000IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Electronics wide-band transforme
5、rs transmitting power within a wide band of frequenciescovering typically at least one decade in the frequency spectrum are covered in this standard.Keywords: Balance test, balun, communication transformer, data transformer, harmonic distortion,impedance, insertion loss, matching transformers, retur
6、n loss, transformer, video transformer,wideband2nd Printing 15 May 2015. The following ISBNs were incorrect in the 1st Printing on 28 September 2001.The correct ISBNs are:Print: ISBN 978-0-7381-1928-1 STDPD4808PDF: ISBN 978-0-7381-1929-8 STD94808IEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE
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19、ing inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 111-2000, IEEE Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade)Transformers.)This standard is intended t
20、o provide a common ground for understanding between systems engineers andtransformer design engineers. Little published data on transformers is directly useful to engineers designingsystems involving feedback loops. Phase and frequency response data are needed on transformers (and othercomponents) u
21、sed in these systems. It is the hope that this standard will eventually influence transformermanufacturers to include such information in their published data on wide-band frequency transformers.This standard is a combination of two original standards: IEEE Std 111-1971 and IEEE Std 264-1977. Bothof
22、 these standards were first issued as trial-use documents in 1962 and 1965, respectively. These trial usedocuments were prepared under the chairmanship of A.D. Hasley and J.P. Whistler, respectively.At the time this standard was approved, the frequency range subcommittee of the Electronics Transform
23、ers Technical Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Society had the following members:J. DeCramer,Chair*DeceasedWhen the Electronics Transformer Technical Committee balloted and approved this standard, the member-ship was as follows:J. DeCramer,ChairJ. S. AndresenR. BeersE. D. Belanger*R. P. Carey
24、C. J. ElliottH. FickenscherB. D. GoetheP. K. GoetheR. R. GrantN. R. Grossner*H. E. LeeD. N. RatliffR. L. SellJ. SilgailisJ. TardyB. D. ThrackwrayM. WilkowskiR. WozniakH. YarpezeshkanJ. S. AndresenR. BeersC. J. ElliottB. D. GoetheP. K. GoetheR. R. GrantR. HasegawaA. LotfiG. SkuttB. D. ThackwrayM. Wil
25、kowskiivCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 8 March 2000, it had the followingmembership:Donald N. Heirman,ChairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards B
26、oard liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeAndrew D. IckowiczIEEE Standards Project EditorSatish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. John
27、sonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepfinger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.vContents1. Scope 11.1 General. 11.2 Typical types of
28、 transformers to which this standard applies 12. References 33. Definitions 34. Symbols . 45. Performance tests. 65.1 Electrical tests (not recorded) 65.2 Electrical tests (recorded) 86. Marking 186.1 Nameplate markings 186.2 Terminal markings. 187. Service conditions 198. Computations . 199. Test m
29、ethods 199.1 Temperature rise tests 199.2 Balance tests. 209.3 Computations . 209.4 Measurement of open-circuit and short-circuit inductance and resistance 289.5 Terminated impedance measurement 30Annex A (informative) Definitions and discussion. 34Annex B (informative) Recommended practice for maki
30、ng electrical tests . 36Annex C (informative) Service conditions 37Annex D (informative) Methods of computing time delay from phase shift measurements 38Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade) Transformers1. Scope1.1 General This standard pertain
31、s to electronics wide-band transformers transmitting power within a wide band offrequencies covering typically at least one decade in the frequency spectrum. It is not intended to apply totransformers optimized to operate within a narrow band of frequencies. Transformers used in, or in conjunc-tion
32、with, wire line communication facilities serving power stations are excluded due to the special protec-tion requirements involved. Provision is made for including data for use in the design of feedback amplifiersand control networks, or other circuits in which the knowledge of the transformer amplit
33、ude and phase-frequency response is needed by the system designer. These transformers are required to transform voltagewithin specified tolerances of amplitude and phase when operating between specified impedances. Guides toapplication and test procedures are included. The annexes within this standa
34、rd contain certain precautionsand recommended practices.This standard also pertains to hybrid transformers, primarily used in the telecommunications industry. Thehybrid transformer is a wide-band transformer used in a manner which makes it part of a capacitance, resis-tance, and/or inductance networ
35、k, and it must have characteristics which permit it to match the network forproper overall performance.1.2 Typical types of transformers to which this standard applies1.2.1 Audio frequency transformersAudio frequency transformers may cover a limited frequency range such as that used in voice communi
36、ca-tions, or may cover a part or all of the frequencies from 5 Hz to 100 000 Hz when used in high fidelity orsimilar amplifiers. Voltages or signals correspond directly to speech or music amplitude and phase variationswithin this range of frequencies. Performance characteristics one or more octaves
37、beyond the specified rangemay be of interest and specified. Feedback and other windings or taps may be incorporated in the design.The mode or class of amplifier operation (i.e., Class A, B, AB, etc.) must be recognized and taken intoconsideration.IEEEStd 111-2000 IEEE STANDARD FOR WIDE-BAND2Copyrigh
38、t 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1.2.2 Transducer service transformers Transducer service transformers are stepdown ratio transformers having one or more secondary windingswith or without center taps. The load impedance may be permitted to vary with frequency or with otherparameters, but the transfo
39、rmer performance is generally based on a specific load impedance.1.2.3 Random noise transformersRandom noise transformers are used in vibration machine applications. They are subject to random signalsof varying amplitude and duration. Response may be expressed in terms of the frequency spectrum but
40、theamplitude variation allowable over the relevant frequency range is much greater than for audio-frequencytransformers because of the Gaussian distribution of random noise. Random noise transformers are oftenincluded in feedback loops. When included in such a loop, their amplitude and phase respons
41、e is of interestand all of the problems listed in 9.3 must be solved in addition to producing a transformer capable ofhandling the amplitude of random noise.1.2.4 Modulation transformersModulation transformers are used in amplitude-modulated transmitters and may employ a modulationinductor to bypass
42、 the final amplifier supply current.The transformer is used in a manner which makes it part of a capacitance, resistance, and inductance net-work, and it must have characteristics which permit it to match the network for proper overall performance.Phase angle, frequency response, and impedances are
43、important measurements and are required to be madein the actual or substitute network with the major elements in place to establish performance. Modulationtransformers are usually designed for specific applications and large units are not considered suitable forgeneral purpose use.1.2.5 Driver trans
44、formersDriver transformers are used to supply power to the control elements of Class AB2and Class B2amplifiertubes and transistors.1.2.6 Line-matching transformers Line-matching transformers are used where power is received at one impedance level and delivered atanother.1.2.7 Load-matching autotrans
45、formers Load-matching autotransformers are used where power is received at one impedance level and provides out-put tabs at various impedances, and vice versa.1.2.8 Control-system transformersControl-system transformers are used in open- or closed-loop (feedback) control systems. The transformersuse
46、d in the closed-loop system are subject to signals of a definite carrier frequency, modulated in accordancewith error signals imposed by the control system requirements. The response of these transformers to controlsignals may be expressed either in terms of frequency and phase or in Laplace terms.
47、In this standard, thephase and amplitude frequency response terms are used.IEEE(GREATER THAN 1DECADE) TRANSFORMERS Std 111-2000Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.31.2.9 Ultrasonic frequency transformersUltrasonic frequency transformers are used in various communications and industrial applicat
48、ions in whichthe lowest frequency is higher than 10 kHz.1.2.10 Carrier frequency transformers Carrier frequency transformers transmit signals of specified frequency which are modulated or varied inamplitude, phase, or frequency.1.2.11 Video frequency transformersVideo frequency transformers are char
49、acterized by an exceptional wide-band transmission characteristicover part or all of the range from 10 Hz to 10 Mhz for composite video, or 50 Mhz to 750 Mhz for commer-cial television applications.Operated from solid-state power source devices. The use of Class AB2or Class B2current operation andtheir effect in the secondary winding must be recognized.1.2.12 Single-core hybrid transformersFor single-core hybrid transformers, the hybrid function is provided by a single transformer in conjunctionwith external circuit elements.1.2.13 Two-core hybrid transformersFor two-core hybrid
