1、IEEE Std 1188-2005(Revision of IEEE Std 1188-1996)IEEE Recommended Practice forMaintenance, Testing, andReplacement of Valve-RegulatedLead- Acid (VRLA) Batteries forStationary ApplicationsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA8 February 2006IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theSt
2、ationary Battery CommitteeIEEE Std 1188-2005(R2010)(Revision of IEEE Std 1188-1996)Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI)IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary ApplicationsSponsorStationary Battery
3、Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 1 February 2006Reaffirmed 19 August 2011American National Standards InstituteApproved 22 September 2005Reaffirmed 8 December 2010IEEE-SA Standards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5
4、997, USACopyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 8 February 2006. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard
5、for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. ivCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionValve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are playing an ever-increasing role in control and powersystems. In many cases, VRLA batteries are being substi
6、tuted for vented lead-acid batteries. Their use isalso expanding into many other applications where their unique characteristics are desirable. Both gelledelectrolyte and absorbed electrolyte VRLA designs, covering a range of sizes and capacities, are nowavailable for use in many traditional and non
7、traditional battery applications. This recommended practicefulfills the need within the industry to provide a common or standard practice for battery maintenance,testing, and replacement of VRLA batteries for stationary applications. Alternative energy applications arenot covered.This recommended pr
8、actice may be used separately, and when combined with IEEE Std 1187TM,IEEE Std 1189TM, and IEEE 485TM, it will provide the user with a general guide to selection, sizing, designing,installing, and testing a VRLA battery installation.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standar
9、ds can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html
10、.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall n
11、ot be responsible for identifying patentsor patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conductinginquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1188-2005, IEEE R
12、ecommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, andReplacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications.vCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this recommended practice was completed, the 1188 Working Group, Installation andMaintenance Subcom
13、mittee of the Stationary Battery Committee had the following membership:William Cantor, Chair The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice.Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Phyllis ArcherCurtis AshtonGary M. BalashRic
14、hard T. BolgeoThomas CarpenterJay ChamberlinM. S. (Steve) ClarkBruce ColeGarth P. CoreyJohn K. CoyleThomas G. CrodaEddie DavisPeter Demar Ramesh DesaiDavid O. FederRobert FletcherTimothy FurlongRoger D. JohnsonWayne JohnsonJos A. MarreroStephen W. McCluerWilliam McCoyJames McDowallDan McMenaminBansi
15、 PatelEdward RafterJan ReberSaba N. SabaAmiya SamantaRobert SchmittDavid R. SmithHarold F. TaylorRichard M. TresslerLesley VargaAllan J. WilliamsonWalter WylieJames AndersonCurtis AshtonGary M. BalashWilliam BartleyJim BelesiuRichard T. BolgeoWilliam CantorJay ChamberlinGarth P. CoreyBart CottonJohn
16、 K. CoyleGuru Dutt DhingraEddie DavisRamesh DesaiDavid O. FederMichael FlackTimothy FurlongTrilok GargJerry GoerzJerry GordonRandall GrovesRoger D. JohnsonAlan LambDaniel LevinJos A. MarreroStephen W. McCluerJames McDowallEdward RafterJames RuggieriThomas RuhlmannAmiya SamantaRichard SetchellDavid R
17、. SmithKenneth SmithJames StonerKurt UhlirLesley VargaDonald W. ZipseviCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on September 22, 2005, it had thefollowing membership:Steve M. Mills, ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairDon Wright, Past
18、 ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorMark D. BowmanDennis B. Broph
19、yJoseph BruderRichard CoxBob DavisJulian Forster*Joanna N. GueninMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanWilliam B. HopfLowell G. JohnsonHerman KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. Towns
20、endJoe D. WatsonHoward L. WolfmanContents 1. Scope 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Safety 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 Protective equipment . 3 4.3 Precautions 3 4.4 Procedures . 4 5. Maintenance . 4 5.1 General 4 5.2 Inspection 4 5.3 Corrective actions 5 6. Test description and schedule. 6 6
21、.1 General 6 6.2 Acceptance 6 6.3 Performance. 7 6.4 Service . 7 7. Procedure for battery tests 8 7.1 General 8 7.2 Pretest requirements 8 7.3 Test length and discharge rate . 8 7.4 Capacity test methods 9 7.5 Acceptance and performance tests. 12 7.6 Service test. 12 7.7 Restoration. 13 7.8 Completi
22、on of recharge . 13 8. Battery replacement criteria 13 9. Records. 13 Annex A (informative) Determining the state of charge 15 Annex B (informative) Voltages 16 vii Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . Annex C (informative) Corrective actions . 17 Annex D (informative) Connection detail resis
23、tance measurements 21 Annex E (informative) Calculation of battery capacity 28 Annex F (informative) Temperature correction factors 32 Annex G (informative) Glossary 34 viiiCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regula
24、ted Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications 1. Scope This recommended practice is limited to maintenance, test schedules, and testing procedures that can be used to optimize the life and performance of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for stationary applications. It also pro
25、vides guidance to determine when batteries should be replaced. The maintenance and testing programs described in this recommended practice represent “the best program” based on the information reviewed at the time this document was developed. The user should evaluate these practices against their op
26、erating experience, operating conditions, manufacturers recommendations, resources, and needs in developing a maintenance program for a given application. These maintenance and testing recommendations were developed without consideration of economics, availability of testing equipment and personnel,
27、 or relative importance of the application. Development of a maintenance and testing program for a specific application requires consideration of all issues, not just the technical issues considered in this document. Stationary cycling applications, such as those found in alternative energy applicat
28、ions, are also beyond the scope of this recommended practice. This recommended practice does not include any other component of the dc system nor surveillance and testing of the dc system, even though the battery is part of that system. Sizing, installation, qualification, selection criteria, and ot
29、her battery types and applications are also beyond the scope of this recommended practice. 1 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Std 1188-2005 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications 2. Normat
30、ive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this recommended practice. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std
31、 485TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications.1,2IEEE Std. 1187TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Storage Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 1189TM, IEEE Guide for Selection o
32、f Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications. 3. Definitions For the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. The glossary in Annex G and The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms should be referenced for terms not defin
33、ed in this clause. 3.1 expected service life: The anticipated period of time in which a battery will deliver its expected performance for a specific application and environment. 4. Safety 4.1 General As with other batteries, VRLA batteries are potentially dangerous and proper precautions must be obs
34、erved in handling and installation. The safety precautions listed herein are considered to be mandatory and shall be followed in all battery installation and maintenance activities. Work on batteries shall be performed only by knowledgeable personnel with proper safety tools and protective equipment
35、. 1IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
36、s, Inc. 2 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Std 1188-2005 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications 4.2 Protective equipment Although VRLA cells can vent or leak small amounts of electrolyte,
37、electrical safety is the principal but not the only concern for safe handling. The following minimum set of equipment for safe handling of the battery and protection of personnel shall be available: a) Safety glasses with side shields, goggles, or face shields, as appropriate. b) Electrically insula
38、ted gloves, appropriate for the installation. c) Protective aprons and safety shoes. d) Portable or stationary water facilities in the battery vicinity for rinsing eyes and skin in case of contact with acid electrolyte. e) Class C fire extinguisher. Note that some manufacturers do not recommend the
39、use of CO2fire extinguishers due to the potential for thermal shock. f) Acid neutralizing agent. g) Adequately insulated tools. h) Lifting devices of adequate capacity, when required. NOTEAlthough VRLA cells are designed to minimize electrolyte leakage, neutralize any electrolyte with a bicarbonate
40、of soda mixed with approximately 0.1 kg/L of water or other appropriate neutralizing agents.34.3 Precautions The following protective procedures shall be observed: a) Use caution when working on batteries because they present a shock and arcing hazard. b) Check the voltage to ground (ac and dc) befo
41、re working around the battery. If the voltage is other than anticipated, or is considered to be in an unsafe range, do not work on the battery until the situation is understood and/or corrected. Wear protective equipment suitable for the voltage. c) Prohibit smoking and open flame, and avoid arcing
42、in the immediate vicinity of the battery. d) Provide adequate ventilation, and follow the manufacturers recommendations during charging. e) Ensure unobstructed egress from the battery work area. f) Avoid the wearing of metallic objects such as jewelry while working on the battery. g) Ensure that wor
43、k area is suitably illuminated. h) Follow the manufacturers recommendations regarding cell orientation. i) Follow the manufacturers instructions regarding lifting and handling of cells. Uninterruptible power system (UPS) or other systems might not be equipped with an isolation transformer. In additi
44、on to dc voltage, an ac voltage might also be present. Lack of an isolation transformer may provide a direct path to ground of the dc supply to the UPS. This can substantially increase the electrocution and short-circuit hazards. 3Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and
45、 do not contain requirements needed to implement the guide. 3 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. . IEEE Std 1188-2005 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications 4.4 Procedures The following safety proc
46、edures should be observed: a) Restrict all unauthorized personnel from the battery area. b) Keep the battery clear of all tools and other foreign objects. c) Avoid static buildup by having personnel contact ground periodically while working on batteries. d) Do not remove the pressure relief valves w
47、ithout the battery manufacturers approval. e) Inspect and test instrumentation for safe working condition. 5. Maintenance 5.1 General Proper maintenance will prolong the life of a battery and will aid in assuring that it is capable of satisfying its design requirements. A good battery maintenance pr
48、ogram will serve as a valuable aid in determining the need for battery replacement. The users must consider their particular application and reliability needs if maintenance procedures, other than those recommended in this document, are used. Battery maintenance should be performed by personnel know
49、ledgeable of batteries and the safety precautions involved. 5.2 Inspection All inspections should be made under normal float conditions if possible. Readings should be taken in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Refer to Annex B Annex D for more information. All measurements and observations should be recorded for future comparisons. 5.2.1 Monthly A monthly general inspection should include a check and record of the following: a) Overall float voltage measured at the battery terminals. b) Charger output current and voltage. c) Ambient temperatur
