1、 IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations Sponsored by the Substations Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 30 January 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can a
2、lso be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1246-2011, IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations. Practices for applying temporary protective grounds (TPGs)
3、 in substations vary from company to company. These practices have come from a number of documents such as ASTM F855,aIEC 61230, and IEEE Std 1048TM-1990 B15,bas well as from field experience derived from line maintenance practices. This guide was developed to consolidate into one document all the n
4、ecessary information for the company to develop sound personnel safety grounding practices in substations. The guide provides information on the physical construction, application, and testing of TPGs as they are used in substations. This revision emphasizes the electromechanical forces present with
5、 high short-circuit currents and with high current offset (asymmetry). In recent tests, these forces were found to have significant impact on the ability of a complete TPG assembly, including attachment points, to successfully handle these high short-circuit currents. It also introduces a new method
6、 for determining the TPG impedance (length and cable size) for use in determining the current through the worker for an accidental energization. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this st
7、andard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with appl
8、icable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both uses, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standar
9、dization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that
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11、rrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of aInformation on references can be found in Clause 2. bThe numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. v Copyri
12、ght 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards d
13、evelopment process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretatio
14、ns Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/interps/index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no p
15、osition is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA website http:/standards.ieee
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17、pplicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of P
18、atents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
19、 patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board fo
20、r approval, the Substation Safety Working Group had the following membership: David Lane Garrett, Chair Martin Havelka, Secretary Hanna Abdallah Stan Arnot Philip Atwater Thomas M. Barnes Bryan Beske Steven Brown K. S. Chan Koushik Chanda William Chisholm Eugene Dick Marcia Eblen Gary Engmann Steve
21、Greenfield Richard Keil Dave Kelley Fred Kouhdani Donald N. Laird Allen Love Jeffrey Merryman Steven C. Middlecamp Robert Nowell Shashi Patel Samuel Perkins Bruce Rockwell Will Sheh Curtis Stidham Brian Story Keith WallaceThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guid
22、e. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman S. Aggarwal Stan Arnot Ali Al Awazi Thomas M. Barnes David Baron Earle Bascom III Michael Bayer George Becker W. J. (Bill) Bergman Steven Bezner Steven Brown Arvind K. Chaudhary Robert Christman Jerry Corkran J
23、ames Dehaan Gary Donner Michael Dood Donald Dunn Marcia Eblen Gary Engmann Donald Fallon Patrick Fitzgerald Marcel Fortin David Lane Garrett George Gela Waymon Goch Jalal Gohari Edwin Goodwin James Graham Ron Greenthaler Charles Grose Randall Groves Ajit Gwal David Harris Martin Havelka Lee Herron G
24、ary Heuston Raymond Hill R. Jackson Wayne Johnson John Kay Gael Kennedy Yuri Khersonsky Morteza Khodaie Robert Kluge Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger Boris Kogan Donald Koonce David Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Donald N. Laird Chung-Yiu Lam Debra Longtin Greg Luri Nigel Mcquin William Moncrief
25、 Georges Montillet Kimberly Mosley Daniel Mulkey Jerry Murphy Dennis Neitzel Michael S. Newman Gary Nissen Robert Nowell Ted Olsen Carl Orde Lorraine Padden Bansi Patel Christopher Petrola Percy Pool Iulian Profir John Randolph Joseph Renowden Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Thomas Rozek M. Sachdev S
26、ukhbir Sachdev Anne-Ma Sahazizian Steven Sano Trevor Sawatzky Bartien Sayogo Hamidreza Sharifnia Devki Sharma Gil Shultz Charles Simmons Douglas Smith James Smith Jerry Smith John Spare Ryan Stargel Gary Stoedter Brian Story Rajeswari Sundararajan Malcolm Thaden Wayne Timm John Toth Eric Udren John
27、Vergis Keith Wallace Daniel Ward Kenneth White James Wilson Alexander Wong Larry Young Roland Youngberg vii Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 31 October 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice C
28、hair Robert Grow, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alex Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seave
29、y Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard Wolfman Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Francesca Drago IEEE Standards Program Man
30、ager, Document Development Erin Spiewak IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions 2 4. Considerations for temporary protective grounding syst
31、ems . 3 4.1 General TPG 3 4.2 Permanent or mobile substation . 3 4.3 Current magnitude and duration 3 4.4 Special areas of concern 5 4.5 TPG cable assemblies 6 4.6 TPG cable 7 4.7 Clamps . 10 4.8 Multiple assemblies . 11 4.9 Attachment points 13 4.10 Cable extensions 13 5. Application . 14 5.1 Gener
32、al 14 5.2 Location of the TPGs . 15 5.3 Ratings and selections 17 5.4 Methods . 20 6. Installation and removal . 21 6.1 General procedures 21 6.2 Tools 22 6.3 Testing for voltage . 22 6.4 Placing and removing of TPGs 23 6.5 Equipment grounding 23 7. Minimizing static and capacitively coupled voltage
33、 on personnel . 24 7.1 Protective garments . 25 7.2 Attachments . 25 8. Testing 25 8.1 New TPG component and assembly testing 25 8.2 In-service inspection, maintenance, and testing TPGs 25 ix Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 27 Annex B (normative) Termin
34、ology 29 Annex C (normative) TPG impedance correction factors 35 1 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Impl
35、ementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publicat
36、ions containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide covers the
37、 design, performance, use, testing, and installation of temporary protective grounding (TPG) systems, including the connection points, as used in permanent and mobile substations. This guide does not address series-capacitor compensated systems. 1.2 Purpose This guide suggests good practices, techni
38、cal information, and safety criteria to assist in the selection and application of temporary protective grounding systems, including the connection points, as used in permanent and mobile substations. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
39、 this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendme
40、nts or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 1246-2011 IEEE Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Systems Used in Substations 2 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. ASTM F855, Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds to be used on De-Energized Electrical Power Lines and Equipment.1 A
41、STM F2249, Standard Specification for In-Service Test Methods for Temporary Grounding Jumper Assemblies used on De-Energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment. IEC 60245-2, Rubber Insulated CablesRated Voltages Up To and Including 450/750 VPart 2: Test Methods.2IEC 61230, Live WorkingPortable Equip
42、ment for Earthing or Earthing and Short-Circuiting. IEEE Std 80TM, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.3,43. Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms worksite (single-point) grounding. phas
43、e-to-ground (parallel) grounding: The installation of temporary protective grounds from each phase to ground. The ground attachment point can be a common point for all three temporary protective ground (TPG) ground connections or can be a different point for one or more TPG ground connections, but a
44、 low-resistance connection between any separated TPG ground connection points is required. 1ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA (http:/www.astm.org/). 2IEC publications are available from th
45、e Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd S
46、treet, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. 3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 4The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks owned by the I
47、nstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. 5The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms however, before relying on the primary relay operation to size the protective grounds, consider the reliability of the relays. Many circuits are protected by slower clearing fuses that c
48、an take many cycles or even seconds to interrupt the current. Backup protection is provided for possible failure in the primary protection system or for possible failure of the circuit breaker or other protective device. Remote backup and local backup are two forms of backup protection in common use
49、 on power systems. In remote backup protection, short circuits are cleared from the system, one substation away from where the short circuit has occurred. In local backup protection, short circuits are cleared locally in the same substation where the short circuit has occurred. Local backup protection will clear the short circuit from the system in less time than that provided by remote backup protection. Utilizing the backup protection, short-circuit clearing time provides a conservatively sized protective ground. If more than one relay operates to clear a sho
