1、Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1IEEE Std 1278.3-1996(R2010)IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationExercise Management and FeedbackSponsorDistributed Interactive Simulation Committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 10 December 1996 Reaffirmed 17 June 2010Reaffirme
2、d 10 December 2002IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved 30 September 1997Reaffirmed 31 March 2003 American National Standards InstituteAbstract: Guidelines are established for exercise management and feedback in Distributed InteractiveSimulation (DIS) exercises. Guidance is provided to sponsors, providers
3、, and supporters of DIS compliantsystems and exercises as well as to developers of DIS exercise management and feedback stations. Theactivities of the organizations involved in a DIS exercise and the top-level processes used to accomplishthose activities are addressed. The functional requirements of
4、 the exercise management and feedbackprocess are also addressed. This standard is one of a series of standards developed for DIS to assureinteroperability between dissimilar simulations for currently installed and future simulations developed bydifferent organizations.Keywords: automated simulation,
5、 computer-generated force (CGF), dead-reckoning algorithms,simulation, simulation management, simulator networking, validation, verification, warfare simulation,wargamesThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1997 by the
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23、egal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1278.3-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationExercise Management and Feedback.)Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is a government/i
24、ndustry initiative to dene an infrastructure for linkingsimulations of various types at multiple locations to create realistic, complex, virtual “worlds“ for the simulation ofhighly interactive activities. This infrastructure brings together systems built for separate purposes, technologies fromdiff
25、erent eras, products from various vendors, and platforms from various services and permits them to interoperate.DIS exercises are intended to support a mixture of virtual entities with computer-controlled behavior (computer-generated forces), virtual entities with live operators (human in-the-loop s
26、imulators), live entities (operationalplatforms and test and evaluation systems), and constructive entities (wargames and other automated simulations). DISdraws heavily on experience derived from the Simulator Networking (SIMNET) program developed by the AdvancedResearch Projects Agency (ARPA), adop
27、ting many of SIMNETs basic concepts and heeding lessons learned.In order for DIS to take advantage of currently installed and future simulations developed by different organizations,a means had to be found for assuring interoperability between dissimilar simulations. These means were developed inthe
28、 form of industry consensus standards. The open forum (including government, industry, and academia) chosen fordeveloping these standards was a series of semi-annual workshops on standards for the interoperability of distributedsimulations, which began in 1989. The results of the workshops have been
29、 several IEEE Standards along withsupporting documentation. These standards provide application protocol and communication services and prolestandards to support DIS interoperability. In addition, an IEEE recommended practice for exercise management andfeedback provides user guidelines for setting u
30、p and conducting a DIS exercise.The relationship between the component documents comprising the set of IEEE DIS documents is shown in the gurebelow. Used together, these standards and recommended practices will help to ensure an interoperable simulatedenvironment.The interoperability components addr
31、essed by these standards and recommended practices are as follows:a) Application protocolsb) Communication services and prolesc) Exercise management and feedbackivIEEE Std 1278.1-1995, IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationApplications Protocols, denes theformat and semantics of data m
32、essages, also known as Protocol Data Units (PDUs), that are exchanged betweensimulation applications and simulation management. The PDUs provide information concerning simulated entitystates, the type of entity interactions that take place in a DIS exercise, and data for management and control of a
33、DISexercise. This standard also species the communication services to be used with each of the PDUs. These services aredened in IEEE Std 1278.2-1995, IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationCommunication Servicesand Proles.An additional, non IEEE document is required for use with IEEE St
34、d 1278.1-199.5 This document is entitledEnumeration and Bit-encoded Values for use with IEEE 1278.1 and is available from the Tactical Warfare Simulationand Technology Information Analysis Center at the Institute for Simulation and Training of the University of CentralFlorida.1IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 d
35、enes the communication services required to support the message exchange described inIEEE Std 1278.1-1995. In addition, IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provides several communication proles that meet thespecied communications requirements.Taken together, IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 and IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provide th
36、e necessary information exchange for thecommunications element of DIS.This recommended practice provides guidelines for establishing a DIS exercise, managing the exercise, and providingproper feedback. This recommended practice is to be used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 and IEEE Std1278.
37、2-1995 .Revisions are anticipated to each of these standards and recommended practice within the next few years to clarifyexisting material, to correct possible errors, and to incorporate new related material. Future versions of thesedocuments will contain information concerning additional interoper
38、ability components that are currently in theprocess of being dened.The Exercise Management and Feedback Working Group that developed this recommended practice had the followingmembership during the development cycle:William Tucker, Chair Peggy AndersonPhilip BakerRichard BeahmDavid BessemerDoug Clas
39、seMark CosbyNeale CosbyJerry ForbesGeorge GernertBill GregoryChris HackLee LacyW. R. MacDiarmidJoyce MaddenRon MatusofBruce McDonaldThom McLeanLarry MelizaTom NeubergerGlenn OBannonJeff OByrneCarol ParisMarland ParsonsEdward PowellDavid RobertsMike RobkinRick SeveringhausMarshall ShermanRuth Willis1
40、For information on projects underway at the Institute for Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida, check their web site athttp:/www.ist.ucf.edu.vThe following persons were on the balloting committee:Christina L. BouwensJ. Joseph BrannHarris BrunchBrett ButlerErnest R. CarboneRic
41、hard L. ChandlerGary CoeWilliam F. FlaniganMilton L. Fulghum, Jr.Keith H. GardnerBrian F. GoldiezDavid GrossPeggy HaleviRonald C. HoferMark HoptiakBarbara JonewMargaret LoperDavid L. MacintireStephen MatsuuraRon MatusofMark McAuliffeBruce McDonaldDuncan C. MillerJohn MillsThomas NeubergerWesley Pott
42、ertonMark RieckenJohn RobbinsMichael RobkinRandy SaundersRichard SchafferGreg SchowFrank SernaSteven SheasbyJack H. SheehanRobert SottilareLynn StuckeyBarbara TorresWilliam TuckerGreg J. UnangstHarold UnderwoodAmy Vanzant-HodgeDouglas WahrenbergerMichael WesdellKaren WilliamsPhilomena ZimmermanWhen
43、the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on 10 December 1996, it had the following membership:Donald C. Loughry, Chair Richard J. Holleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gilles A. BarilClyde R. CampJoseph A. CannatelliStephen L. DiamondHarold E. EpsteinDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forste
44、r*Donald N. HeirmanBen C. JohnsonE. G. “Al“ KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertLawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettJohn W. PopeJose R. RamosArthur K. ReillyRonald H. ReimberGary S. RobinsonIngo RschJohn S. RyanChee Kiow TanLeonard L. TrippHoward L. Wolfman*Me
45、mber EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal Alan H. Cookson Chester C. TaylorKristin M. DittmannIEEE Standards Project EditorviCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview.11.1 Scope 11.2 Application. 11.3 Functions 12. References.23. Definitions and list of abb
46、reviations and acronyms23.1 Definitions 23.2 List of acronyms and abbreviations . 44. Recommended practices .44.1 DIS exercise management functions 54.2 DIS exercise development and construction process model 64.3 Verification, validation, and accreditation (VV see h).b) FreezeTemporarily freezes a
47、given session, segment, or entity.c) ResumeResumes a frozen session, segment, or entity.d) Terminate sessionTerminates a session.e) Remove entitiesSelectively removes entities from a session.f) Create entityEstablishes a new unique entity during a session.g) Regenerate entityRegenerates an entity in
48、 its old or reconstituted state after it has been killed or, for someother reason, removed from the simulation.h) Save stateDirects a given simulation state to be saved or archived (e.g., entity locations and states, status,environmental conditions). Multiple save states in a single session should b
49、e accommodated.i) Return to save stateDirects all entities to return to a selected save state.j) Start segmentIdenties and initiates session segments from any save state.NOTE Evaluation of operational plans requires a what-if capability. Therefore, the system should be able to stop asession, return to an earlier point, and restart a new sequence. This new sequence will consist of the save statepoint and the subsequent PDU stream. The new sequence will be collected without destroying the originalsequence.k) Stop segmentDenes and marks the end of a seg
