1、IEEE Std 1415-2006IEEE Guide for Induction MachineryMaintenance Testing and FailureAnalysisI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA30 April 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theElectric Machinery CommitteeIEEE Std 1415-2006 IEEE Guide for Induction Machinery Maintenance Testing
2、 and Failure Analysis Sponsor Electric Machinery Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 6 December 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board ii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Abstract: This guide provides maintenance testing and failure analysis guidance for form-wound, squirrel cage
3、, induction machinery rated up to 15 kV. It addresses the following machine systems: Stator (Winding and Core) Rotor (Winding and Core) Vibration and Noise Bearings and Shafts Structure, Frame Ventilation Accessories. This guide is intended for use by personnel at the facility or corporate office re
4、sponsible for the operation and maintenance of large induction machines. It is a guide to aid the thought processes and procedures necessary to determine root causes for failures. Keywords: failure analysis, induction machinery, induction motor, maintenance tests, maintenance testing, root cause ana
5、lysis _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 30 April 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered tr
6、ademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1415,
7、 IEEE Guide for Induction Machinery Maintenance Testing and Failure Analysis. This introduction provides some background on the rationale used to develop the guide. This information is meant to aid in the understanding and usage of this guide. This guide describes maintenance testing and analysis te
8、chniques for failure investigation. It is intended for use by personnel at the facility or corporate office responsible for the operation and maintenance of large induction machines. It is a guide to aid the thought processes and procedures necessary to determine root cause for failures. This guide
9、is intended to satisfy the following objectives: To provide guidance concerning the appropriateness of various maintenance tests and in interpreting the results of those tests with respect to failure analysis and to routine predictive maintenance activities. To provide a methodology by which the mos
10、t probable cause of any particular machine failure may be determined. To encourage the establishment of routine and uniform data collection so that valuable facts concerning the failure are not destroyed. To encourage cooperative efforts between users and manufacturers during failure analysis. The f
11、uture vision for this guide is to cover other rotating electric machinery types including the following: Synchronous machines DC machines Wound rotor machines Random wound induction machines At the time when other machinery types are added, the word “Induction” will be removed from the guide title.
12、But for now, it was considered misleading if “Induction” was omitted since the other types are not yet addressed. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are e
13、ncouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject m
14、atter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implem
15、ent an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the Induction Machinery Maintenance Testing and Failure Analysis Workin
16、g Group had the following membership: Larry A. Wall, Chair William Bartley Edward J. Baznik Noah Bethel Thomas H. Bishop Austin Bonnett James H. Dymond Nirmal K. Ghai Bal K. Gupta Tim A. Haskew Thomas A. Higgins, Jr. Wayne E. Johnson Chaman Kaul David G. Kreiss William M. McDermid James R. Michalec
17、Glenn A. Mottershead Nils E. Nilsson Paul I. Nippes Howard W. Penrose James A. Oliver Ed L. Owen Jan Stein Vicki Warren Ernesto J. Wiedenbrug C. A. Wilson The following individual and entity members of the balloting group voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or ab
18、stention. Ali Al Awazi Paul Andeson Marcos Andrade Sabir Azizi-Ghannad William Bartley Edward J. Baznik Noah Bethel Thomas Bishop William Bloethe Steven Brockschink Andrew Brown Gustavo Brunello Weijen Chen Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer Thomas Carpenter Keith Chow Douglas Conley Roger Daugherty Matthew
19、 Davis Donald Dunn James Dymond James Edmonds Ahmed El-Serafi Gary Engmann Robert Fenton Jorge Fernndez-Daher Trilok Garg Nirmal K. Ghai Randall Groves Bal K. Gupta Paul Hamer Adrienne Hendrickson Gary Heuston Thomas A. Higgins, Jr Dennis Horwitz Jeffrey Hudson David Jackson Chaman Kaul Yuri Kherson
20、sky Jason Lin Bill Lockley Omar Mazzoni Antonio J. Marques-Cardoso Jesus Martinez William M. McDermid Nigel McQuin James R. Michalec Gary Michel Glenn A. Mottershead Jerry Murphy Krste Najdenkoski Art Neubauer Michael Newman Nils E. Nilsson Howard W. Penrose Alvaro Portillo Madan Rana Johannes Rickm
21、ann James Ruggieri Chuck Simmons Dave Smith Greg Stone James Stoner David Tepen Shanmugan Thamilarasan James Timperley Donald Voltz Larry A. Wall Ernesto J. Wiedenbrug James Wilson John Wilson Hugh Zhu vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this applic
22、ation guide on 6 December 2006, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Robert M. Grow Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Mark S. Halpin
23、Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Walter Weigel Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus
24、Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Matthew Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All right
25、s reserved. Contents 1. Overview .1 1.1 Scope .1 1.2 Purpose. .1 2. Normative references.2 3. Definitions .3 4. Maintenance inspections and tests.3 4.1 Safety for inspections and tests3 4.2 Maintenance inspections4 4.3 Maintenance tests.7 5. Determination and investigation of failure occurrence27 5.
26、1 Following a suspected failure 27 5.2 Investigation flow chart .27 5.3 Data collection.29 6.0 Failure analysis30 6.1 Common symptoms and causes.31 6.2 Stator failures.36 6.3 Rotor failure modes .39 6.4 Shaft failures42 6.5 Lubrication and bearing failure modes 43 6.6 Structures.44 6.7 Ventilation .
27、45 6.8 Accessories 45 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 47 Annex B (informative) Suggested checklists 49 Annex C (informative) Failure investigation test methods56 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide to Induction Machinery Maintenance Testing and Failure Analysis 1. Overview 1.1
28、Scope This guide provides maintenance testing and failure analysis guidance for form-wound, squirrel cage, induction machinery rated up to 15 kV. The guide addresses the following machine systems: Stator (winding and wore) Rotor (winding and core) Vibration and noise Bearings and shafts Structure, f
29、rame Ventilation Accessories 1.2 Purpose This document is intended for the following purposes: To provide guidance concerning the appropriateness of various maintenance tests and interpreting the results of those tests with respect to failure analysis and to routine predictive maintenance activities
30、 To provide a methodology by which the most probable cause of any particular machine failure may be determined To encourage the establishment of routine and uniform data collection so valuable facts of the failure are not destroyed To facilitate cooperative efforts by users and manufacturers during
31、failure analysis IEEE Std 1415-2006 IEEE GUIDE TO INDUCTION MACHINERY MAINTENANCE TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
32、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C50.41TM, American National Standard for Polyphase Induction Motors for Power Generating Stations.1ANSI/EASA AR100, Recommended Practice for the Repair
33、 of Rotating Electrical Apparatus. ASTM E1444, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing.2API Std 541, Form-Wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors250 Horsepower and Larger.3,4IEEE Std 43TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery.5IEEE Std 45TM, IEEE Rec
34、ommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard. IEEE Std 56TM, IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance of Large Alternating-Current Rotating Machinery 10 000 kVA and Larger. IEEE Std 62.2TM, IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power ApparatusElectrical Machinery. IEEE Std
35、95TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery with High Direct Voltage. IEEE Std 112TM, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators. IEEE Std 118TM, (withdrawn) IEEE Standard Test Code for Resistance Measurement.6IEEE Std 120TM, IEEE M
36、aster Test Guide for Electrical Measurements in Power Circuits. IEEE Std 286TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power Factor Tip-up of Electric Machinery Stator Coil Insulation. IEEE Std 388TM, IEEE Standard for Transformers and Inductors in Electronic Power Conversion Equipment. IEEE S
37、td 389TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Electronics Transformers and Inductors. 1ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 2ASTM publications are available f
38、rom the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA (http:/www.astm.org/). 3API historical materials can be obtained (for a fee) from the American Petroleum Institute Library, 1200 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA (http:/www.api.org/
39、). 4The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 5IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:
40、/standards.ieee.org/). 6IEEE Std 118 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http:/ IEEE Std 1415-2006 IEEE GUIDE TO INDUCTION MACHINERY MAINTENANCE TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS 3 Copyrigh
41、t 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 432TM, IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance for Rotating Electrical Machinery (5 hp to less than 10 000 hp). IEEE Std 433TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of Large AC Rotating Machinery with High Voltage at Very Low Frequency. IEEE Std 5
42、22TM, IEEE Guide for Testing Turn Insulation on Form-Wound Stator Coils for Alternating-Current Rotating Electric Machines. IEEE Std 841TM, IEEE Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry-Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors - Up to and Including 370 kW (50
43、0 hp). IEEE Std 1434TM, IEEE Guide to Measurement of Partial Discharges in Rotating Machinery. NEMA Std MG 1, Motors and Generators.7NEMA Std MG 2, Safety Standards for Construction and Guide for Selection, Installation, and Use of Electric Motors and Generators. NEMA Std MG 10, Energy Management Gu
44、ide for Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors. NFPA 70B Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance.8UL 674, Hazardous Duty Motors Divisions 1 and 2.93. Definitions For the purpose of this guide, the following term and definition apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Te
45、rms, B1410should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1 hard coil: Stator coils with insulation bonded with thermosetting resin and fully cured before installation in the stator. 4. Maintenance inspections and tests 4.1 Safety for inspections and tests Before beginning maintenance o
46、r inspection of a machine, personnel safety is a primary concern. Machines can be extremely powerful and a common sense approach is essential. Safety issues are covered in detail by many organizations and documents, including OSHA, NEC, UL, NEMA (e.g., NEMA Std MG-211), NFPA (e.g., NFPA 70B), and IE
47、EE. Most companies have their own safety procedures and require/provide detailed training. 7NEMA publications are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA (http:/ 8NFPA publications are available from Publications Sales, National Fire Protect
48、ion Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101, USA (http:/www.nfpa.org/). 9UL standards are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA (http:/ 10The number in brackets corresponds to those of the bibliography in Ann
49、ex A. 11Information on references can be found in Clause 2. IEEE Std 1415-2006 IEEE GUIDE TO INDUCTION MACHINERY MAINTENANCE TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS 4 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Safety also applies to the machine, which can indirectly result in a safety issue for the personnel. Some machine application issues to consider are as follows: Properly match the machine with the driven equipment Be aware of the operating
