1、IEEE Std 1428-20041428TMIEEE Guide for Installation Methods forFiber-Optic Cables in Electric PowerGenerating Stations and in IndustrialFacilities3 Park Avenue, New York, NY10016-5997, USAIEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theInsulated Conductors Committee7 July 2005Print: SH95300PDF: SS9530
2、0Recognized as an IEEE Std 1428-2004 American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-Optic Cables in Electric Power Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities Sponsor Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 15 November 2004
3、IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 7 February 2005 Reaffirmed 15 August 2011 American National Standards Institute Abstract: This guide is intended for cables designed for use in power generating stations and industrial facilities, in both the outside plant environment and indoor applicationsthe latte
4、r with adequate consideration for requirements of the National Electrical Code (NEC.) Keywords: cable construction, electric power generating stations, fiber-optic cables, index of refraction, local area network connections, multimode fibers, numerical aperture, optical cable designs, optical perfor
5、mance, reflectometer, singlemode fibers, telecommunication The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 11 May 2005. Printed in the
6、United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iiiCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introduction
7、This guide was prepared by the Task Group D6 of Subcommittee D, Station, Control, and UtilizationCables, of the Insulated Conductors Committee within the Power Engineering Society.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standa
8、rds.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that i
9、mplementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent ap
10、plications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1428-2004, IEEE Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-OpticCables i
11、n Electric Power Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities.ivCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this standard was completed, the D6 Working Group had the following membership: J. L. White, ChairK. W. Brown, Vice ChairThe following members of the individual ballot
12、ing committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 15 November 2004, it had the followingmembership:Don Wright, ChairSteve M. Mills, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso
13、included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeJennie SteinhagenIEEE Standards Project EditorJohn FeeAjit GwalJohn MerandoChris PeggeJan PirrongJohn SmithTorben AaboThoma
14、s BlairKenneth BowKent BrownNissen BursteinJohn CooperTommy CooperMatthew DavisGuru Dutt DhingraDonald DunnGary EngmannSteven GrahamAjit GwalAjit HiranandaniEdward Horgan Jr.David W. JacksonJoseph JancauskasRobert KonnikJim KriegGregory LuriWilliam MajeskiJohn MerandoGary MichelShantanu NandiArt Neu
15、bauerJames RuggieriJohn L. WhiteWilliam D. WilkensJames WilsonChuck AdamsStephen BergerMark D. BowmanJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRoberto de Marca BoissonJulian Forster*Arnold M. GreenspanMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanRichard J. HollemanRichard H. HulettLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hermann KochT
16、homas J. McGeanDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenDoug ToppingJoe D. WatsonContents 1. Overview 11.1 Scope . 11.2 Purpose 12. Normative references 13. Definitions 24. Optical fiber specifications. 34.1 Optical cable designs . 34.2 Des
17、ign considerations 65. Installation and handling 105.1 Storage. 105.2 Cable pullingdesign considerations . 115.3 Installation . 135.4 Blown fiber 166. Connectors and splices . 166.1 General 166.2 Connectors. 176.3 Splices 177. Field tests 187.1 General 187.2 Test equipment 197.3 Optical time-domain
18、reflectometer testing 207.4 Power meter testing . 207.5 Visual fault locator testing. 207.6 Fiber identifier . 217.7 Documentation of test results 218. Safety 218.1 Cable installation . 218.2 Laser safety 228.3 Termination . 22Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 23vCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights r
19、eserved.1 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Installation Methods forFiber-Optic Cables in Electric PowerGenerating Stations and in IndustrialFacilities1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide is intended for cables designed for use in power generating stations and industrial facilitie
20、s, in both the outside plant environment and indoor applicationsthe latter with adequate consideration for requirements of the National Electrical Code(NEC) (NFPA 701). It is not the intention of this guide to establish requirements for cables designed for installation in a high-voltage environment,
21、 such as optical ground wire and all-dielectric, self supporting. These applications are covered by other IEEE documents (IEEE Std 1138 and IEEE Std 1222). 1.2 Purpose This document is intended to provide guidance for the selection, application, and installation of fiber-optic cable in power generat
22、ing plants and industrial facilities. The selection and application of fiber-optic cable in these facilities differ in many respects from conventional telecommunications and local area network (LAN) installations. Those issues, which require special consideration, are identified and discussed. 2. No
23、rmative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guide. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 1222, IEEE
24、 Standard for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting Fiber Optic Cable.2NFPA 70, National Electrical Code(NEC).31For information on references, see Clause 2. 2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/sta
25、ndards.ieee.org/). IEEE Std 1428-2004 Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-Optic Cables in Electric Power Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities 2 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. NFPA 262, Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-H
26、andling Spaces.4UL 1581, Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords.53. Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B96should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3
27、.1 all-dielectric: An optical fiber cable construction having no metallic or conductive components. 3.2 blown fiber: A term describing a system that uses the force of moving compressed gas to carry bare or specially coated fibers or fiber bundles into small, flexible tubes. Long installed lengths ar
28、e possible without the need for splices or lubricants and without the need to apply pulling tension to the fiber. Such systems provide a high degree of flexibility. Installed fibers can be blown out and new fibers blown in. Tube raceways can be reconfigured to facilitate modifications. 3.3 chromatic
29、 dispersion: The process by which a pulse traveling in a fiber is distorted (broadened) as it travels along the fiber core. 3.4 critical angle: The maximum angle of travel in the core of an optical fiber, which will result in continued propagation of light through the core. Light that strikes the co
30、re at an angle greater than the critical angle will pass into the fibers cladding structure and be dissipated. 3.5 equilibrium modes distribution (EMD): The modal distribution of light transmission in a fiber that exists after high order modes and cladding modes have been attenuated. EMD is naturall
31、y achieved in long cables but can be artificially achieved to improve the accuracy of loss measurements through use of a tight coil of fiber or a mode stripper at the output of the light source. 3.6 innerduct: A smooth or corrugated, tubular raceway system used to protect fiber-optic cables in ducts
32、, conduits, cable trays, air plenums, and panels. 3.7 loose tube cable: A style of optical cable construction for which the fiber is loosely encased in a buffer tube to isolate the fiber from external environmental and installation forces. 3.8 microbending: Sharp curvatures of the fiber resulting in
33、 axial displacements on the order of a few micrometers. Such bends can cause significant loss of signal into the cladding and are typically the result of improperly applied coatings, cabling, jacketing, and installation. 3.9 modal dispersion: The process by which a pulse traveling along the core of
34、a multimode fiber is distorted (broadened) as a result of the differing path (mode) lengths. 3.10 mode: A distinct path of light in The number of paths that can exist within a fiber are a function of the size of the core and the wavelength of the light source of interest. Singlemode cables support o
35、nly one path while multimode fibers may support thousands of paths. The differing path lengths of each mode result in signal distortion known as modal dispersion. 3The NEC is published by the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101, USA (http:/ www.nfpa.org).
36、 Copies are also available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 4NFPA publications are available from Publication Sales, National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101
37、, USA (http:/www.nfpa.org/). 5UL standards are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, USA (http:/ 6The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. IEEE Std 1428-2004 Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-Optic Cables in
38、 Electric Power Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities 3 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3.11 numerical aperture (NA): Numerical aperture is a measure of a fibers light-gathering ability when exposed to a source such as an LED or laser. Fibers having a low NA will require more pr
39、ecise alignment when spliced or connectorized than similar fibers having a high NA. The NA of a fiber is established by the refractive indices of its core and cladding. 3.12 tensile strength members: A component of fiber-optic cable that provides the tensile strength necessary to endure the forces o
40、f installation and any residual long-term tensile load (such as a vertical drop). 3.13 tight tube cable: A style of optical cable construction where the fiber is tightly encased in a buffer tube. 3.14 tube cable: A hollow tube or assembly of tubes (with or without an overall jacket) that serves as t
41、he raceway for air blown fiber. 4. Optical fiber specifications 4.1 Optical cable designs 4.1.1 Fiber type 4.1.1.1 SinglemodeAn optical waveguide in which light travels in one mode. The most common core/cladding size is 8/125 g80m. Singlemode fibers typically have a higher bandwidth-distance product
42、 than multimode fibers and thus can transmit more data over longer distances. Given their small core diameter, singlemode fibers require a higher degree of precision in the splicing and connectorizing process. Because of their smaller core size, NA, and the need to minimize chromatic dispersion to s
43、upport long circuits or high data rates, singlemode fibers typically require the use of laser light sources.4.1.1.2 MultimodeAn optical waveguide in which light travels in multiple modes. Typical glass core/cladding optical fiber sizes are 50/125 g80m, 62.5/125 g80m, 100/140 g80m, and 200/230 g80m.
44、Typical core/cladding sizes for plastic fiber have been 485/500 g80m, 735/750 g80m, and 980/1000 g80m though the same level of standardization has not been established. Due to the larger core diameters of multimode fibers, splicing and connectorizing requirements are not as restrictive as for single
45、mode fibers. Early installations at generating stations and industrial facilities (typically low data rate applications) utilized the larger glass core sizes with a step index design because of their relative ease of connectorization and their good performance when tightly bent (due to their high NA
46、). Increased bandwidth demands and improved termination methodologies have led to widespread use of smaller core, standard graded index fibers. Historically, inexpensive light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been the most popular light sources for use with multimode fibers. However, with the emergence o
47、f high-speed protocols such as gigabit Ethernet, laser sources are increasingly required. IEEE Std 1428-2004 Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-Optic Cables in Electric Power Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities 4 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 4.1.1.3 Index of refractio
48、n profiles Singlemode and multimode fibers are both available with a step or graded index profile. Step index fibers are those for which the glass in the fiber core is of the same index of refraction (IOR) across its entire diameter. Graded index fibers are those for which the IOR has been altered a
49、s a function of radial position. Many different profiles can be achieved during the manufacturing process. The most common variety of singlemode fiber has a step index profile. Historically, industrial facilities and power generating stations have made minimal use of singlemode fibers except for circuits that connect to a wide area network (WAN) or telecommunications carrier. With increasing bandwidth demands, the applications requiring singlemode fiber can be expected to rapidly grow. Singlemode fibers are also produced with a var
