1、 IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions Sponsored by the Standards Coordinating Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 20 May 2011 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society IEEE Std 1549-2011IEEE Std 1549-2011 IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions Sponsor Standa
2、rds Coordinating Committee of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Approved 31 March 2011 IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 25 July 2012 American National Standards Institute Abstract: Standardized definition of terms commonly used in the field of electrical networks and filters are defin
3、ed. Keywords: definitions, filters, IEEE 1549, multiplexers, networks, resonators, terms The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Publishe
4、d 20 May 2011. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduc
5、tion is not part of IEEE Std 1549-2011, IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions. This document is an initial release of standardized definitions for terms commonly used in the field of electrical filter networks. The initial release is primarily, but not exclusively, focused on terms used in
6、passive microwave filter networks. It is anticipated that future revisions to this standard will include additional terms, particularly in the field of active filter networks. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance
7、 with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that
8、 is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in pr
9、ivate self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE s
10、tandards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document to
11、gether with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.or
12、g/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be acces
13、sed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.o
14、rg/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in
15、connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission o
16、f a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further infor
17、mation may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. v Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Filter Term Definitions Working Group had the following membership: Sridhar Kanamaluru, Chair
18、Ming Yu, Vice Chair Smain Amari Ali Atia Clark Bell Pierre Blondy Vicente E. Boria-Esbert Richard Cameron Har Dayal Wael Fathelbab Xun Gong Jia-Sheng Hong Ian Hunter Chandra Kudsia Jen-Tsai Kuo Ralph Levy Pino Macchiarella Raafat Mansour George Matthaei Jeff Pond David Rhodes Fabien Seyfert Sanghoon
19、 Shin Richard Snyder Daniel Swanson Chi Wang Robert Wenzel Ke-Li Wu Kawthar Zaki The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Suresh Channarasappa Carlo Donati James Gilb Randall Groves Werner H
20、oelzl Michael Janezic Sridhar Kanamaluru Greg Luri Roger Marks Jon Martens Edward McCall Michael S. Newman Satoshi Oyama Ulrich Pohl R. K. Rannow Bartien Sayogo Gil Shultz Richard Snyder Walter Struppler vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this stan
21、dard on 31 March 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfin
22、ger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard L. Wolfman Don Wright*Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representat
23、ive Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Michael Kipness IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Catherine Berger IEEE Standards Project Editor vii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Defini
24、tions 1 viii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, secu
25、rity, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notic
26、e” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope The scope of this standard is to provide the standard definitions for microwave filter terms. 1.2 Purp
27、ose The purpose of this standard is to standardize the definitions of microwave filter terms. 2. Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms transmission function. NOTEAttenuation is the same as “insertion
28、 loss” if the network terminations are equal. Note the S-parameter magnitudes in dB such as are measured by network analyzers are by nature “transmission” ratios (i.e., output/input) in dB and are the negatives of attenuation expressed in dB. attenuation function: The ratio of generator voltage or c
29、urrent to the load voltage or current in a network expressed as a function, often of complex frequency. See also: transmission function. NOTEThe zeros of the attenuation function are the “natural frequencies” and the poles are the “frequencies of infinite attenuation” for the network. balanced filte
30、r: A filter type that provides frequency selectivity for balanced signals, and is usually used in systems where the signals are processed in a balanced manner. balun: A type of network that converts signals that are balanced (with respect to ground) to signals that are unbalanced or vice versa, and
31、may also include an impedance transformation. balun filter: A network that performs the functions of both a balun and a filter. A balun filter comprises of three ports; one is the unbalanced port and the other two are the balanced ports. Ideally, the transfer functions from the unbalance port to eac
32、h of the other two ports have the same magnitude, but have a 180 degree phase difference. See also: balun. 2Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. 2 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1549-20
33、11 IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions 3 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. band pass filter: A frequency selective network that has a low attenuation frequency range called the pass band, which is interposed between a lower and upper stop band, both of which have higher attenuatio
34、n as compared to the pass band. Contrast: band reject filter; band stop filter. See also: pass band and stop band. band reject filter: A frequency selective network that has a high attenuation frequency range called the stop band, which is interposed between a lower and upper pass band, both of whic
35、h have lower attenuation as compared to the stop band. Contrast: band pass filter. Syn: band stop filter. See also: pass band and stop band. band stop filter: See: band reject filter. bandwidth: The range of frequencies within which the performance of the network complies with the specified limits.
36、Bessel filter: A filter derived using Bessel functions with a goal of linear phase, i.e., maximally flat group delay. Syn: maximally flat delay filter, Thomson filter. NOTEThe term “Bessel filter” is due to the fact that low pass filters of this type can be synthesized starting from Bessel polynomia
37、ls. BAW filter: A filter that utilizes piezoelectric material transducers to convert electrical energy to acoustic wave energy which travels within the bulk of the material achieving pass band or stop band characteristics through constructive and destructive interference. The acoustic energy is conv
38、erted back to electrical energy at the filter output. See also: acoustic-wave filter, FBAR filter, SAW filter. Butterworth filter: See: maximally flat filter. Cauer filter: See: elliptic filter. ceramic filters: Filters that employ high dielectric constant materials, typically ceramics, in a comb-li
39、ne or inter-digital configuration to reduce the filter size. NOTEAlso referred to as “block filters” or “ceramic block filters”, although the usage of either term is discouraged. channel dropping filter: A three-port network where a band stop characteristic is observed between (for example) ports 1
40、and 2, while a band pass characteristic is observed between ports 1 and 3; the band pass and band stop frequency ranges are identical. The common port (e.g., port 1) of the channel dropping filter is always matched over the entire frequency range, irrespective of the port 2 and port 3 frequency band
41、s. The channel dropping filters can therefore be cascaded without reflective interactions to form multiplexers, with the port 2 of each channel dropping filter being connected to the port 1 of successive filter. characteristic impedance: Most commonly applied to two-port symmetrical circuits such as
42、 transmission lines, and is defined as the input impedance seen looking into an infinite cascade of copies of the given network so there is never a reflection from the far end. It can be computed as the square root of the impedance seen looking into one end of the two-port network with the other end
43、 open circuited multiplied by the input impedance when that end is short circuited. Historically “characteristic impedance” has also been defined for unsymmetrical networks as the input impedance of an infinite cascade of copies of the network where End 1 of each copy is connected to End 2 of the ne
44、xt copy and vice-versa. The characteristic impedances Z01 and Z02 seen at ports 1 and 2 of the network can be computed from the following equations: CDADAZ2)(4)(201+= CDADAZ2)(4)(202+= where A, B, C, and D are the general circuit parameters of the two-port network. See also: image impedance. IEEE St
45、d 1549-2011 IEEE Standard for Microwave Filter Definitions 4 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Chebyshev filter: A filter derived from Chebyshev polynomials that has an equal-ripple attenuation variation in its pass band with monotonically increasing attenuation as the frequency moves away f
46、rom the pass band. Contrast: inverse Chebyshev filter. Chebyshev rational function filter: A generalized type of elliptic filter whose attenuation characteristics are represented by the elliptic rational function (also called the Chebyshev rational function). The elliptic rational function character
47、istics are controlled by two parameters called the ripple factor and selectivity factor. NOTEElliptic function filters are a subset of Chebyshev rational function filters. Elliptic function filters have a maximum number of stop band transmission zeros and the stop band rejection level is equal rippl
48、e. Chebyshev rational function filters may or may not have the maximum number of stop band transmission zeros and the stop band rejection level may or may not be equal ripple. comb-line filter: A filter type with all resonator lines arranged in a parallel array with one end of each resonator shorted
49、 to ground and with the other end loaded with capacitance to ground. The capacitive loading on the resonators may result in their length being less than quarter wavelength at the mid pass band frequency, yielding a compact filter. common-mode rejection filter: A filter type, usually a balanced filter that attenuates the signal common to both input lines; that signal is called the common-mode signal. common resonator multiplexer: A multiplexer that uses a resonator (called the common resonator) as an input junction to connect the common input port to ev
