1、buffI E E EBOOKPublished by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.242IEEE Recommended Practice forProtection andCoordination ofIndustrial andCommercialPower SystemsIEEE Std 242-2001(Revision ofIEEE Std 242-1986)Recognized as anIEEE Std 242-2001American National Standard (ANSI)(Re
2、vision ofIEEE Std 242-1986)IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power SystemsSponsorIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Departmentof theIEEE Industry Applications SocietyApproved 14 June 2001IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved 25 October 2001American
3、 National Standards InstituteAbstract: The principles of system protection and the proper selection, application, andcoordination of components that may be required to protect industrial and commercial powersystems against abnormalities that could reasonably be expected to occur in the course ofsyst
4、em operation are presented in a in a simple, yet comprehensive, format. The principlespresented apply to both new electrical system design and to the changing, upgrading, orexpansion of an existing electrical distribution system.Keywords:bus protection, cable protection, calibration, conductor prote
5、ction, coordinatingtime intervals, current-limiting fuses, current transformers, fuse coordination, fuse selectivity,generator grounding, generator protection, high-voltage fuses, liquid preservation systems,low-voltage motor protection, medium-voltage motor protection, motor protection, overcurrent
6、protection, potential transformers, power fuses, protective relays, relay application principles,relay operating principles, service protection, short-circuit protection, switchgear protection,system design, system protection, transformer protection, voltage transformersGrateful acknowledgment is ma
7、de to the following organizations for having granted permission toreprint material in this document as listed below:Table 10-1 from National Electrical Manufacturers Assocation. Reprinted from NEMA MG10-1994 by permission of the National Manufacturers Assocation. Copy-right 1997 by the National Elec
8、trical Manufacturers Assocation. All rights, including translation intoother languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Pro-tection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.Figure 10-14, Figure 10-15,
9、 and Figure 10-18 from Bentley-Nevada.Figure 10-16 and Figure 10-17 from API 541-1995.First Printing17 December 2001SH94930SS94930The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engine
10、ers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 17 December 2001. Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 0-7381-2844-9No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Standards documents
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26、 through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter coveredby patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patentrights in
27、connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may berequired by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are broughtto its attention.ivCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introductio
28、n(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 242-2001, IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection andCoordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems.)IEEE Std 242-2001, the IEEE Buff Book, has been extensively revised and updated since itwas rst published in 1975. The IEEE Buff Bookdeals with
29、 the proper selection, application,and coordination of the components that constitute system protection for industrial plants andcommercial buildings. System protection and coordination serve to minimize damage to asystem and its components in order to limit the extent and duration of any service in
30、terruptionoccurring on any portion of the system.A valuable, comprehensive sourcebook for use at the system design stage as well as inmodifying existing operations, the IEEE Buff Bookis arranged in a convenient step-by-stepformat. It presents complete information on protection and coordination princ
31、iples designedto protect industrial and commercial power systems against any abnormalities that couldreasonably be expected to occur in the course of system operation.Design features are provided for Quick isolation of the affected portion of the system while maintaining normaloperation elsewhere Re
32、duction of the short-circuit current to minimize damage to the system, itscomponents, and the utilization equipment it supplies Provision of alternate circuits, automatic throwovers, and automatic reclosing devicesParticipantsAt the time this recomended practice was approved, the IEEE Working Group
33、on Protectionand Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems had the following membersand contributors:Carey Cook, ChairChapter 1: First principlesRobert G. Hoerauf, Chair; R. G. (Jerry) IrvineChapter 2: Short-circuit calculationsLouie J. Powell, Chair; David S. Baker, Chet Davis,John F.
34、 WitteChapter 3: Instrument transformersJames D. Bailey andDavid S. Baker, Cochairs;B. J. Behroon, Louie J. Powell, Marcelo ValdesChapter 4: Selection and application of protective relaysKeith R. Cooper, N. T. (Terry)Stringer, John F. Witte, Cochairs; Bruce G. Bailey, David S. Baker,James W. Brosnah
35、an, Carey J. Cook, David D. Shipp, John F. WitteChapter 5: Low-voltage fusesVincent J. Saporita, Chair; Robert L. Smith, Alan F.WilkinsonChapter 6: High-voltage fusesJohn R. Cooper, Chair; Carey J. Cook, Herb Panz,Kris Ranjan, John F. WitteCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.vChapter 7: Low-vol
36、tage circuit breakersGeorge D. Gregory, Chair; Bruce G. Bailey,John Chiloyan, Keith R. Cooper, R. G. (Jerry) Irvine, Steve SchafferChapter 8: Ground-fault protectionShaun P. Slattery, Chair; James P. Brosnahan,John Chiloyan, Edward Gaylon, Daniel. J. Love, Elliot Rappaport, StevenSchaffer, S. I. Ven
37、ugopalanChapter 9: Conductor protectionWilliam Reardon, Chair; John Chiloyan, George D.Gregory, Alan C. Pierce, Vincent J. SaporitaChapter 10: Motor protectionDaniel J. Love, Chair; Al Hughes, Alan C. Pierce,Lorraine K. Padden, Joseph S. Dudor, R. G. (Jerry) IrvineChapter 11: Transformer protectionA
38、lan C. Pierce, Chair; Carey J. Cook, John R. Cooper,Jerry Frank, Vincent J. Saporita, N. T. (Terry) Stringer, Ralph H. YoungChapter 12: Generator protectionAlan C. Pierce, Chairs; Jay D. Fisher, Robert G.Hoerauf, Danial J. Love, Robert L. Simpson, Ralph H. YoungChapter 13: Bus and switchgear protect
39、ionRobert L. Smith, Jr., Chair; Edward Gaylon,Steve Schaffer, John SteeleChapter 14: Service supply line protectionLorraine K. Padden, Chair; ConsumerInterface Protection and Relaying Practices Subcommittees of the IEEE PowerSystems Relaying CommitteeChapter 15: Overcurrent coordinationN. T. (Terry)
40、 Stringer, Chair; Bruce G. Bailey,Keith R. Cooper, Joseph S. Dudor, Douglas Durand, Tim Fink, Jay D. Fisher,George D. Gregory, William M. Hall, Steve Schaffer, John F. Witte, Ralph H.YoungChapter 16: Maintenance, testing, and calibrationR. G. (Jerry) Irvine, Chair; Donald J.Akers, Jerry S. Baskin, R
41、oderic L. Hageman, Ted Olsen, Gabe Paoletti, ElliotRappaport, David, L. Swindler, Neil H. WoodleyThe following members of the balloting group voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention:Bruce G. BaileyJames D. BaileyDavid S. BakerRay M. ClarkCarey J. Cook
42、John R. CooperChet DavisGeorge D. GregoryRobert G. HoeraufR. G. (Jerry) IrvineDaniel J. LoveLorraine K. PaddenAlan C. PierceLouie J. PowellWilliam ReardonVincent J. SaporitaDavid D. ShippShaun P. SlatteryRobert L. Smith, Jr.N. T. (Terry) StringerJohn F. WitteRalph H. YoungviCopyright 2001 IEEE. All
43、rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 14 June 2001, it had the fol-lowing membership:Donald N. Heirman,ChairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST
44、 RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeNoelle D. HumenickIEEE Standards Project EditorIEEE Color Book Seriesand IEEE Buff Bookare both registered trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Elec-tronics Engineers, Inc.National Electrical Code and NEC are both registered trademarks of t
45、he National Fire Protection Association, Inc.National Electrical Safety Code and NESC are both registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute of Elec-trical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.Satish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M. F
46、razierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepnger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2001 IEEE. All ri
47、ghts reserved. viiContentsChapter 1First principles 11.1 Overview11.2 Protection against abnormalities31.3 Planning system protection .41.4 Preliminary design 51.5 Basic protective equipment 71.6 Special protection 81.7 Field follow-up 81.8 References8Chapter 2Short-circuit calculations .112.1 Intro
48、duction112.2 Types of short-circuit currents 122.3 The nature of short-circuit currents .132.4 Protective device currents .152.5 Per-unit calculations 192.6 Short-circuit current calculation methods 192.7 Symmetrical components .202.8 Network interconnections282.9 Calculation examples 332.10 Special
49、ized faults for protection studies 412.11 References442.12 Bibliography 45Chapter 3Instrument transformers 473.1 Introduction473.2 Current transformers (CTs)473.3 Voltage (potential)transformers (VTs) 623.4 References653.5 Bibliography 65Chapter 4Selection and application of protective relays 674.1 General discussion of a protective system 674.2 Zones of protection 94.3 Fundamental operating principles704.4 Functional description .application and principles 714.5 References1194.6 Bibliography 119Chapter 5Low-voltage fuses 1295.1 Gener
