1、_Copyright 1987 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47 Street, New York, NY 10017, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.ANSI/IEEE Std 390-
2、1987 (R2007)(Revision of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1975 and IEEE Std 391-1976)An American National StandardIEEE Standard for Pulse TransformersSponsorElectronics Transformer Technical Committeeof theIEEE Magnetics SocietyReaffirmed 26 September 2007Approved 11 December 1986IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved Ma
3、y 18,1987American National Standards InstituteIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessaril
4、y members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent aconsensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE whichhave expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard is w
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6、is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at least once every ve years for revision or reafrmation. When a document ismore than ve years old, and has not been reafrmed, it
7、 is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still ofsome value, do not wholly reect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they havethe latest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party,
8、regardless of membership afliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecic
9、applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it isimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concu
10、rrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpret
11、ations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board345 East 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017USAiiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1987, IEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers.)The purpose of this standard is to provide a common ground between electronic system engineer
12、s and pulsetransformer design engineers.This standard does not apply to transformers when used in a wire entrance facility to an electric power station. Neitheris it intended to include low-power switching-typepulse transformers. These are covered in IEEE Std 272 1970, IEEEStandard for Computer-Type
13、 (Square-Loop) Pulse Transformers.This standard pertains to pulse transformers that transmit peak power that averages from a few milliwatts to those thattransmit peak power that averages in the kilowatts. Also, the voltage range is from a few peak volts to many peakkilovolts.Initially, the impetus f
14、or developing pulse transformers of all types, came from the need for these devices in the radarused in World War II. The range of voltage and power of these types of transformers is still being increased asmagnetrons, klystrons, and traveling wave and cross-eld amplier loads are developed for highe
15、r voltage and power.It is hoped that this standard will benet the manufacturer and the user of these transformers.This standard is a combination of two original standards: ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1975 and IEEE Std 391-1976 . IEEEStd 391-1976 has been simultaneously withdrawn with the publication of this r
16、evision of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1987.This standard was prepared under the Subcommittee Chairmanships of J. D. Schwartz and A. A. Toppeto, respectively,and the Working Group Chairmanships of W J. Field and A. D. Hasley, respectively.At the time this standard was approved the membership of the Working Gr
17、oup of the Pulse Transformer Subcommitteewas as follows:E. D. Belanger, Chair Michael I. DistefanoJohn B. EvansA. D. HasleyR. M. RoweJ. D. SchwartzJohn TardyHerman I. TillingerAt the time this standard was approved the membership of the Pulse Transformer Technical Committee of the IEEEMagnetics Soci
18、ety was as follows:A. A. Toppeto, Chair Jack AdamsP. A. CattermoleRichard P. CareyDavid E. CavenaughMichael I. DistefanoJohn B. EvansW. J. FieldRussell FischerA. D. HasleyReuben LeeDale LeppertW. A. MartinBernie McDonnellH. S. MitsanasD. D. MeachamCyril PouchR. M. RoweEugene ShaefferJ. D. SchwartzMa
19、rk E. ShepardJohn TardyHerman I. TillingerL. E. UnnewehrLarry W. VannR. G. WolpertivThe following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEEStandards Board.E. D. BelangerRichard P. CareyMichael I. DistefanoC. J. ElliottH. FickensherRussell FischerR
20、. A. FrantzP GoetheL. W. KirkwoodH. LeeR. LeeH. W. LordO. KiltieR. L. SellJohn TardyHerman I. TillingerJ. P. WhistlerR. G. WolpertWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on December 11, 1986, it had the following membership:John E. May, Chair Irving Kolodny, Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr, Se
21、cretary James H. BeallFletcher J. BuckleyPaul G. CummingsDonald C. FleckensteinJay ForsterDaniel L. GoldbergKenneth D. HendrixIrvin N. HowellJack KinnJoseph L. Koepfinger*Edward LohseLawrence V. McCallDonald T. Michael*Marco W. MigliaroStanley OwensJohn P. RiganatiFrank L. RoseRobert E. RountreeMart
22、ha SloanOley WanaseljaJ. Richard WegerWilliam B. WilkensHelen M. WoodCharles J. WylieDonald W. Zipse*Member emeritusvCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope and References .11.1 Scope 11.2 References 11.3 Typical Transformer Types to which this Standard Applies . 21.4 Related Transformer Standards 22. Definitions.23. S
23、ymbols.53.1 Pulse Transformer Schematics. 53.2 Input PulseSource Voltage Pulse Applied Through Associated Impedance or Source Current Pulse 53.3 Output PulseTransformed Voltage Pulse or Load Current Pulse. 63.4 Source and Load Impedance 63.5 Transformer Parameters. 64. Performance Tests.74.1 Electri
24、c Strength. 74.2 Induced Voltage Electric Strength . 84.3 Direct-Current Insulation Resistance . 84.4 Ratio of Transformation (Turns Ratio) 94.5 Polarity . 94.6 Direct-Current Resistance of Windings Referred to 25 C 94.7 Short-Circuit Impedance (Leakage Inductance) 94.8 Open-Circuit Parameters (Magn
25、etizing Pulse Inductance and Exciting Current) . 104.9 Open-Circuit Admittance (Distributed Capacitance). 104.10 Voltage-Time Product Rating 114.11 Direct Capacitance Between Windings 114.12 Balance. 114.13 Functional Test. 114.14 Corona (Partial Discharge) Tests . 134.15 Temperature Rise Test . 135
26、. Equivalent Circuits135.1CompleteEquivalent Circuit for a Pulse Transformer. 135.2PartialEquivalent Circuits for a Pulse Transformer . 155.3 Pulse Transformer Tests to Determine Equivalent Circuit Elements 205.4 Pulse Response Parameters Under Load 216. Preferred Test Methods.216.1 Ratio of Transfo
27、rmation (Turns Ratio) Test Method (See 4.4) . 216.2 Short-Circuit Impedance (Leakage Inductance) Test Method (See 4.7) 226.3 Open-Circuit Admittance (Distributed Capacitance) Test Methods (See 4.9) 236.4 Open-Circuit Impedance (Magnetizing Pulse Inductance and Exciting Current) Test Method.Recommend
28、ed Method: Rectangular Voltage Pulse Applied from Low-Impedance Source, and Pulse-Exciting Current Response Observed (See 4.8). 23viCLAUSE PAGE6.5 Voltage-Time Product Test Method. Recommended Methods: Rectangular Voltage Pulse Applied from Low-Impedance Source and Pulse-Exciting Current Response Ob
29、served (See 4.10) 266.6 Three Recommended Balance Test Methods (See 4.12) . 276.7 Temperature Rise Test (See 4.15) 286.8 Corona (Partial Discharge) Test (See 4.14) . 307. Marking.308. Service Conditions 319. Bibliography31Annex A Alternate Test Methods (Informative).32Copyright 1987 IEEE All Rights
30、Reserved1An American National StandardIEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers1. Scope and References1.1 ScopeThis standard pertains to pulse transformers for use in electronic equipment. For the various types of thesetransformers, the peak power transmitted ranges from a few milliwatts to kilowatts; an
31、d the peak voltage transmittedranges from a few volts to many kilovolts.These transformers are required to transmit unipolar or bipolar pulses of voltage or current within specied tolerancesof amplitude and time when operated between specied impedances. They are typically used as coupling devices in
32、electronic circuits. In blocking oscillators, they are connected to provide positive feedback in the circuit. In radar orsimilar use, they are used to couple the modulator to a magnetron, a klystron, a traveling-wave tube or a cross-eldamplier load.Whenever numerical values are indicated in this sta
33、ndard, they may be considered as recommended values. Section 6.describes the preferred transformer test methods and Appendix A contains alternate test methods.1.2 ReferencesThis standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications:1 ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1984, IEEE Standard Dictionary o
34、f Electrical and Electronics Terms.12 ANSI/IEEE Std 111-1984, IEEE Standard for Wide-Band Transformers. 3 ANSI/IEEE Std 260-1978 (R 1985), IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Units,Customary Inch-Pound Units and Certain Other Units). 4 ANSI/IEEE Std 268-1982, American National
35、Standard for Metric Practice. 5 ANSI/IEEE Std 280-1985, IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Quantities Used in Electrical Science and ElectricalEngineering. 6 ANSI/IEEE Std 315-1975 (CSA Z99-1975), IEEE Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams. 7 ANSI/IEEE Std 315A-1986, IEEE StandardSup
36、plement to Graphic Symbols for Electrical and ElectronicsDiagrams. 1ANSI/IEEE publications can be obtained from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY10018, or from the Service Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes L
37、ane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.2Copyright 1987 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE Std 390-1987 IEEE STANDARD FOR8 ANSI/IEEE Std 455-1985, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Measuring Longitudinal Balance of TelephoneEquipment Operating in the Voice Band. 9 IEEE Std 119-1974, IEEE Recommended Pr
38、actice for General Principles of Temperature Measurement as Appliedto Electrical Apparatus. 10 IEEE Std 194-1977, IEEE Standard Pulse Terms and Denitions. 11 IEEE Std 272-1970 (R 1976), IEEE Standard for Computer-Type (Square-Loop) Pulse Transformers. 12 IEEE Std 389-1979, IEEE Recommended Practice
39、for Testing Electronics Transformers and Inductors. 13 HENRY, D. A. and TOPPETO, A. A. Pulse Inductance Problems and Peculiarities. Electronic ComponentsConference, 1972.14 MUNK, P. R. and SARTORI, E. F. A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Transformer Balance. IEEETransactions on Parts, Material
40、s, and Packaging, vol PMP-4, no 1, March 1968, pp 1221.1.3 Typical Transformer Types to which this Standard AppliesThis standard applies to the following transformer types:1) Power output (drivers)2) Impedance matching3) Interstage coupling4) Current sensing5) Blocking-oscillator transformers1.4 Rel
41、ated Transformer StandardsANSI/IEEE Std 111-1984, IEEE Standard for Wide-Band Transformers.IEEE Std 266-1969 (R 1981), IEEE Test Procedure for Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electronics PowerTransformers.IEEE Std 272-1970 (R 1976), IEEE Standard for Computer-Type (Square-Loop) Pulse Transforme
42、rs.IEEE Std 306-1969 (R 1981), IEEE Test Procedure for Charging Inductors.RS 176-1956, Pulse Transformers for Radar Equipment.2RS 181-1957, Iron Core Charging Inductors.2. DefinitionsElectrical terms used in this standard shall be in accordance with those given in IEEE Std 194-1977 103and ANSI/IEEE
43、Std 100-1984 1. In addition, a number of terms are dened in this section; however, ANSI/IEEE Std 100-19841 shall take precedence in the case of any conict.2These publications can be obtained from the Sales Department, Electronic Industries Association, 2001 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20006.3The numbe
44、rs in brackets correspond to those of the references in 1.2.Copyright 1987 IEEE All Rights Reserved3PULSE TRANSFORMERS IEEE Std 390-19872.1 peak working voltage: The maximum instantaneous voltage stress that may appear under operation across theinsulation being considered, including abnormal and tra
45、nsient conditions.2.2 input pulse shape: Current pulse or source voltage pulse applied through associated impedance. The shape of theinput pulse is described by a current- or voltage-time relationship and is dened with the aid of Fig 1 in accordancewith the following denitions.NOTE A general amplitu
46、de quantity is designated by A, which may be current Ior voltage V2.2.1 pulse amplitude, AM: That quantity determined by the intersection of a line passing through the points on theleading edge where the instantaneous value reaches 10% and 90% of AMand a straight line that is the best least-squares
47、t to the pulse in the pulse-top region (usually this is tted visually rather than numerically). For pulsesdeviating greatly from the ideal trapezoidal pulse shape, a number of successive approximations may be necessary todetermine AM.NOTE The pulse amplitude AMmay be arrived at by applying the follo
48、wing procedure.Step 1:Visually or numerically determine the best straight line t to the pulse in the pulse-top region and extend thisstraight line into the leading-edge region.Step 2:An initial estimate of AMis the rst intersection of the pulse (in the late leading-edge or early pulse-top regions)wi
49、th the straight line tted to the pulse top.Step 3:Using the estimated of AMcalculate 0.1 AMand 0.9 AMand draw a straight line through these two points of thepulse-leading edge.Step 4:The intersection of the leading-edge straight line and the pulse top straight line gives an improved estimate of AMStep 5:Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until the estimate of Amdoes not change. The converged estimate is the pulse amplitude AM2.2.2 rise time (rst transition duration), tr: The time interval of the leading edge between
