1、IEEE Std 421.5-2005(Revision ofIEEE Std 421.5-1992)IEEE Recommended Practice forExcitation System Models forPower System Stability StudiesI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA21 April 2006IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theEnergy Development and Power Generation CommitteeIEEE
2、Std 421.5-2005(Revision ofIEEE Std 421.5-1992)IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability StudiesSponsorEnergy Development and Power Generation Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 29 December 2005American National Standards InstituteApproved 25
3、 October 2005IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract:Excitation system models suitable for use in large-scale system stability studies arepresented. Important limiters and supplementary controls are also included. The model structurespresented are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means
4、 of obtaining modelparameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the controlloops on any particular system. The models are valid for frequency deviations of 5% from ratedfrequency and oscillation frequencies up to 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequ
5、atefor use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems.Delayed protective and control features that may come into play in long term dynamic performancestudies are not represented. A sample set of data for each of the models, for at least one particularapplica
6、tion, is provided.Keywords:excitation limiters, excitation systems, power system stabilityRecognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electroni
7、cs Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 21 April 2006. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyrig
8、ht ClearanceCenter.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. T
9、he IEEE shall not be responsible foridentifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into thelegal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.ivCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionExcitation system mode
10、ls suitable for use in large-scale system stability studies are presented in thisrecommended practice. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use onlarge, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented.In 1968, models for the systems in u
11、se at that time were presented by the Excitation System Subcommitteeand were widely used by the industry. Improved models that reflected advances in equipment and bettermodeling practices were developed and published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus andSystemsin 1981. These models include
12、d representation of more recently developed systems and some of thesupplementary excitation control features commonly used with them. In 1992, the 1981 models wereupdated and presented in the form of recommended practice IEEE Std 421.5-1992. In 2005, this documentwas further revised to add informati
13、on on reactive differential compensation, excitation limiters, powerfactor and var controllers, and new models incorporating proportional, integral, and differential (PID)control.The model structures presented are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtainingmodel paramet
14、ers. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the controlloops on any particular system. The models are valid for frequency deviations of 5% from rated frequencyand oscillation frequencies up to 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies ofs
15、ubsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and controlfeatures that may come into play in long-term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sampleset of data for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided.Notice
16、to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following
17、URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of
18、 any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention
19、.(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 421.5-2005, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models forPower System Stability Studies.)Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.vParticipantsAt the time this recommended practice was completed, the Working Group had the following membership:
20、Les Hajagos,ChairD. C. Lee,Past ChairThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. J. C. AgeeMike BaslerRoger BeaulieuRoger BerubeMurray CoultesJames FeltesLuc Gerin-LajoieArjun GodhwaniRobert Gro
21、ndinAnne-Marie HisselJoe HurleyRuediger KutznerJim LuiniOm MalikSteve MillerRichard MummertSandy MurdochShawn PattersonManfred ReimannGraham RogersRobert RuschRich SchaeferAlexander SchneiderPaul SmuldersJose TabordaRobert Thornton-JonesWilliam Ackerman J. C. Agee Ali Al Awazi Sabir Azizi-Ghannad Wi
22、lliam BloetheSteven BrockschinkGustavo Brunello Keith ChowGary EngmannJames FeltesRobert Grondin Randall Groves Jim Gurney Anne-Marie HisselAdrienne HendricksonAjit Hiranandani David Jackson Innocent KamwaPrabha Kundur Ruediger Kutzner Lawrence LongLisardo LouridoOmar Mazzoni Om Malik James Michalec
23、 G. MichelCharles MorseMichael Newman Shawn PattersonManfred Reimann James RuggieriAlexander Schneider Rich Schaefer Winfried Stach Voith Jose TabordaShanmugan Thamilarasan Robert Thornton-Jones Gaeral Vaughn James WilsonAhmed ZobaaviCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.The final conditions for
24、approval of this standard were met on 25 October 2005. This standard wasconditionally approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 22 September 2005, with the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairDon Wright, Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included
25、 are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeMichael D. FisherIEEE Standards Project EditorMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyJoseph BruderRichard CoxBob DavisJulian Forster*Joan
26、na N. GueninMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanWilliam B. HopfLowell G. JohnsonHermann KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendJoe D. WatsonHoward L. WolfmanCopyright 2006 IEEE
27、. All rights reserved.viiContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 12. Normative references. 23. Representation of synchronous machine excitation systems in power system studies 24. Synchronous machine terminal voltage transducer and current compensator models 45. Type DCDirect current commutator exciters. 65.
28、1 Type DC1A excitation system model 75.2 Type DC2A excitation system model 85.3 Type DC3A excitation system model 85.4 Type DC4B excitation system model 96. Type ACAlternator-supplied rectifier excitation systems . 106.1 Type AC1A excitation system model 106.2 Type AC2A excitation system model 116.3
29、 Type AC3A excitation system model 126.4 Type AC4A excitation system model 136.5 Type AC5A excitation system model 136.6 Type AC6A excitation system model 146.7 Type AC7B excitation system model 146.8 Type AC8B excitation system model 147. Type STStatic excitation systems 157.1 Type ST1A excitation
30、system model. 167.2 Type ST2A excitation system model. 177.3 Type ST3A excitation system model. 187.4 Type ST4B excitation system model . 187.5 Type ST5B excitation system model . 197.6 Type ST6B excitation system model . 197.7 Type ST7B excitation system model . 208. Power system stabilizers 218.1
31、Type PSS1A power system stabilizer model. 218.2 Type PSS2B power system stabilizer model . 228.3 Type PSS3B power system stabilizer model . 238.4 Type PSS4B power system stabilizer model . 249. Overexcitation limiters. 259.1 Field winding thermal capability . 259.2 OEL types 269.3 OEL model. 27viiiC
32、opyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.10. Underexcitation limiters. 2910.1 Circular characteristic UEL (Type UEL1 model) 3010.2 Piecewise linear UEL (Type UEL2 model). 3111. Power factor and reactive power controllers and regulators 3411.1 Voltage adjuster . 3511.2 PF controller Type I. 3611.3 Var
33、 controller Type I . 3611.4 PF controller Type II 3811.5 Var controller Type II 3812. Supplementary discontinuous excitation control.3912.1 General. 3912.2 Type DEC1A discontinuous excitation control . 3912.3 Type DEC2A discontinuous excitation control . 4012.4 Type DEC3A discontinuous excitation co
34、ntrol . 41Annex A (normative) Nomenclature . 42Annex B (normative) Per unit system 49Annex C (normative) Exciter saturation and loading effects. 50Annex D (normative) Rectifier regulation. 52Annex E (normative) Representation of limits 53Annex F (informative) Avoiding computational problems by elimi
35、nating fast feedback loops . 57Annex G (normative) Paths for flow of induced synchronous machine negative field current 62Annex H (informative) Sample data 64Annex I (informative) Manufacturer model cross reference . 81Annex J (informative) Bibliography 83Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IE
36、EE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies1. Overview1.1 ScopeWhen the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies,it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in s
37、ufficient detail (seeByerly and Kimbark B71). The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitationequipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations.A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see B18) provided initial excitation system reference models.
38、Itestablished a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in commonuse, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see IEEE Committee Report B20) extendedthat work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as
39、well asimproved models for older equipment.This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models foradditional control features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, themodel structures presented in this document are
40、intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means ofobtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models, and they do not represent allof the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantialreduction, resulting in large
41、 differences between the structure of the model and the physical system.The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of systemfrequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequencydeviations of 5% from
42、 rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models wouldnot normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interactionproblems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long-term dynamicperformance stud
43、ies are not represented. See additional information in Annex F.Where possible, the supplied models are referenced to commercial equipment and vendor names shown inAnnex I. This information is given for the convenience of users of this recommended practice and does not1The numbers in brackets corresp
44、ond to those of the bibliography in Annex J.IEEEStd 421.5-2005 IEEE STANDARD2Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.constitute an endorsement by the IEEE of these products. The models thus referenced may be appropriatefor equivalent excitation systems supplied by other manufacturers.A sample set o
45、f data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, isprovided in Annex H. A suffix “A” is used for the designation of models introduced or modified in IEEE Std421.5-1992, and a suffix “B” is used for models introduced or modified in this latest recommen
46、ded practice,IEEE Std 421.5-2005.Modeling work outside of the IEEE is documented in IEC 60034-16:1991 B17. Additional background isfound in IEEE Committee Report B19.2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences,
47、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.ANSI C50.10 American National Standard for Rotating Electrical MachinerySynchronous Machines.2IEEE Std 115, IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Synchrono
48、us MachinesPart I: Acceptance andPerformance Testing; Part II: Test Procedures and Parameter Determination for Dynamic Analysis.3,4IEEE Std 421.1, IEEE Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines.IEEE Std 421.2, IEEE Guide for Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of the Dynamic Pe
49、rformance ofExcitation Control Systems.IEEE Std 421.3, IEEE Standard for High Potential-Test Requirements for Excitation Systems forSynchronous Machines.IEEE Std 421.4, IEEE Guide for the Preparation of Excitation System Specifications.IEEE Std C50.13, IEEE Standard for Cylindrical-Rotor 50 Hz and 60 Hz, Synchronous Generators Rated10 MVA and above.3. Representation of synchronous machine excitation systems in power system studiesThe general functional block diagram shown in Figure 3-1 indicates various synchronous machine excitationsubsystems. Thes
