1、g3g3g3IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design,Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heatingfor Industrial Applications g3Sponsored by thePetroleum +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained thro
2、ugh the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 515-2011, IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Industrial Applications. The scope of this
3、 standard includes specific testing requirements for qualifying electrical resistance heating cables and heating devices for use in industrial applications, as well as a basis for electrical and thermal design. Applications include unclassified and both Division and Zone classified areas. This docum
4、ent was first published as a recommended practice in 1983. In 1989, it was elevated to a standard, and Division 1 heating cables were added. In 1997, this standard was expanded to include American classified zone heaters. A 32-week benchmark test was added to provide a thermal shock cycling test. Th
5、is test established a minimum performance criteria for new products, offered a system to validate product temperature ratings claimed by manufacturers, and provided a minimum acceptable level of quality/performance by the heating devices. The 2004 revision added a 12-week temperature cycling test as
6、 an alternative to the 32-week benchmark test. This revision also aligned the tolerance on sheath temperature for T-rating with the IEC 60079-30 5 K and 10 K tolerances (IEC 60079-30-1:2007 B15aand IEC 60079-30-2:2007 B16). This revision includes subsequent harmonization with international standards
7、 and has expanded the sections on maximum sheath temperature determination and design. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulat
8、ory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as d
9、oing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and me
10、thods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. aThe numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. v Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating o
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14、all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ie
15、ee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection th
16、erewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of
17、 Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be
18、 obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this IEEE standard was originally completed, the Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Industrial Applications Working Group had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Co-Chair
19、 Dusty Brown, Co-Chair Wolfgang Dlugas Ben Johnson Andrew Lozinski Jason OConnor Satish Parikh Rudolf Pomm Peter Schmidt Robert Seitz Larry Stehling Erik Stephens John E. Turner Wayne WilliamsThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted
20、 for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William Bloethe Dusty Brown Keith Chow Matthew Davis Wolfgang Dlugas Gary Donner Donald Dunn Gary Engmann Carl Fredericks Manjinder Gill James Gleason Pamela Gold Ron Greenthaler Randall Groves David Horvath Paul House Richard H. Hulett Ben Johnson Robert K
21、onnik Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Chung-Yiu Lam Duane Leschert Greg Luri William McBride Gary Michel Jerry Murphy Paul Myers Michael S. Newman David Nichols Lorraine Padden David Parman Christopher Petrola Rudolf Pomm Nicholas R. Rafferty Bartien Sayogo Peter Schmidt Robert Seitz Thomas Shaw Gil Shul
22、tz James Smith Jeremy Smith Larry Stehling Erik Stephens Gary Stoedter S. Thamilarasan John E. Turner John Vergis Kenneth White Wayne Williams vii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 16 June 2011, it had the following membership: Richa
23、rd H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert Grow, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alex Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes David Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Rosdahl Sam S
24、ciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard Wolfman Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Catherine Berger IEEE Sta
25、ndards Program Manager, Document Development Patricia A. Gerdon IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. General product testing . 5 4.
26、1 Type testGeneral purpose tests 5 4.2 Type testVerification of sheath temperatures 15 4.3 Specific type test requirements for hazardous (classified) locations . 20 4.4 Routine tests 22 5. Marking and installation instructions . 23 5.1 Product markings for heating devices 23 5.2 Markings for field-a
27、ssembled components 23 5.3 Installation instructions 24 6. Design . 24 6.1 Process considerations . 24 6.2 Environmental/site considerations . 25 6.3 Thermal insulation and heat-loss considerations . 26 6.4 Maximum temperature determination . 30 6.5 Design parameters . 35 6.6 Design information 35 6
28、.7 Power system . 37 6.8 Special considerations . 39 6.9 Controlling and monitoring considerations . 44 6.10 Division 1 and Zone 1 design requirements 47 6.11 Safety shower design requirements . 47 7. Installation 48 7.1 Personnel . 48 7.2 Receiving and storage of materials 48 7.3 Scheduling of inst
29、allation 49 7.4 General installation recommendations . 49 7.5 Special Division 1 and Zone 1 installation requirements. 51 7.6 Controls and sensors 52 7.7 Testing after installation 53 7.8 Thermal insulationrecommendations . 53 7.9 Functional check and field documentationrecommendations 54 8. Mainten
30、ance . 54 8.1 General maintenance recommendations 54 8.2 Division 1/Zone 1 maintenance recommendations 55 8.3 Visual inspection . 55 8.4 Periodic operational check . 55 8.5 Record keeping 56 ix Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 57 Annex B (informative) Pi
31、pe heat-loss considerations 59 Annex C (informative) Vessel heat-loss considerations . 65 Annex D (informative) Heat-up and cool-down considerations . 69 Annex E (informative) Method to determine equivalent thicknesses of insulating cements 72 Annex F (informative) Type test matrix for Clause 4 73 A
32、nnex G (informative) Design basic dataexample (see 6.6) 75 Annex H (informative) Trace heater installation recordexample (see 7.2.2) 76 Annex I (normative) Division 1/Zone 1checklist example (see 7.5) 77 Annex J (informative) Trace heater commissioning recordexample (see 7.9) . 78 Annex K (informati
33、ve) Maintenance log recordexample (see 8.5.3) 79 1 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Industrial Applications IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, secur
34、ity, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These
35、notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.htm
36、l. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard provides requirements for the testing, design, installation, and maintenance of electrical resistance trace heating in general industries as applied to pipelines, vessels, pretraced and thermally insulated instrument tubing and piping, and mechanical equipment.
37、 The electrical resistance trace heating is in the form of series trace heaters, parallel trace heaters, and surface heating units. In this standard, the terms hazardous (classified) locations and potentially flammable atmospheres refer to the same conditions. The requirements also include test crit
38、eria to determine the suitability of these heating devices utilized in industrial applications as applied in unclassified (ordinary) and hazardous (classified) locations. 1.2 Purpose The provisions of this standard should ensure that process, fluid, or material temperatures are maintained and provid
39、e electrical, thermal, and mechanical durability to the trace heating system, such that in normal use, its performance is reliable and poses no danger to the user or surroundings. This standard is to serve as a complementary document to the current version of those national and international standar
40、ds addressing electrical resistance trace heating. IEEE Std 515-2011 IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Industrial Applications 2 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references The following referenced do
41、cuments are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition o
42、f the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ASTM D5025-05, Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials.1ASTM D5207-09, Standard Practice for Confirmation of 20-mm (50-W) and 125-mm (500-W) Test Flames for Small-
43、Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials. IEC 60079-20-1, Explosive AtmospheresPart 20-1: Material Characteristics for Gas and Vapour ClassificationTest Methods and Data.2IEC 60079-20-2, Explosive AtmospheresPart 20-2: Material CharacteristicsCombustible Dusts Test Methods. NFPA 497, Recommended Pra
44、ctice for the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas.3NFPA 499, Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustive Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Install
45、ations in Chemical Process Areas. 3. Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms physical damage caused by sleet, wind, or mechanical abuse; and deterioration caused by solar radiation or atmospheric conta
46、mination. workpiece: Object to which the trace heater or surface heating unit is applied, such as piping, vessels, tanks, valves, instruments, and similar equipment. 4. General product testing 4.1 Type testgeneral purpose tests The following tests are intended to qualify heating devices for the appl
47、ications within the scope of this standard for unclassified (ordinary locations). Samples of a trace heater at least 3 m in length or of a representative surface heater section, unless otherwise specified, shall be selected for testing. The tests shall be conducted at room temperature between 10 C a
48、nd 40 C unless otherwise noted. Annex E provides a matrix of test requirements for each heating device application. Connections and end terminations may be identified as integral components of a heating device or may be identified separately. Integral components, whether intended to be factory fabri
49、cated or field assembled, shall be subjected to the same type of tests as the heating device, except where otherwise noted. System components other than those identified as integral shall be evaluated in accordance with national and international standards relevant to their construction and use. Thermal measuring devices (thermometers, thermocouples, etc.) and the connecting cables shall be selected and so arranged that they do not significantly affect the thermal behavior of the heating device. 4.1.1 Dielectric test The dielectric test shall be per
