1、IEEE Std 643-2004(Revision ofIEEE Std 643-1980)643TMIEEE Guide for Power-Line Carrier Applications3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USAIEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower System Communications Committee8 June 2005Print: SH95245PDF: SS95245Recognized as anAmerican National Stand
2、ard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 8 June 2005. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered tradem
3、ark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntroductionSince the first release of this document in 1980, many
4、 additions have been made to the informationpresented. The first release was to replace a 1954 AIEE Committee Report, Guide to Application andTreatment of Channels for Power-Line Carrier. This revision hopes to clarify areas where technology hasimproved as well as to add sections specifically concen
5、trated to protective relaying applications. Althoughthere are still uses in North America of the power-line carrier (PLC) for voice and supervisory applications,the predominate application is for dedicated protective relaying channels. To accomplish this task, thePower-Line Carrier Subcommittee of t
6、he Power Systems Communications Committee worked closely withthe Communications Subcommittee of the Power Systems Relaying Committee through parallel workinggroups in both committees. Details of the changes would be too numerous to note here. This guide is both a reference for theexperienced PLC eng
7、ineer as well as for the novice.PLC is not unique to only North America. Although it is not possible to describe differences in applicationsand philosophies, the principles presented here remain the same worldwide. This guide is dedicated to Mr. Herb Dobson, posthumously, as he was a noted expert in
8、 the field of PLC andcontributed significantly to its widespread usage and the information in this guide.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged t
9、o check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by
10、patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standar
11、d or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 643-2004, IEEE Guide for Power-Line Carrier Applications.iv Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsThe following is a list of parti
12、cipants in the Power Line Carrier Subcommittee of the Power SystemCommunications Committee (PSCC). Roger E. Ray, ChairThe following is a list of participants in the Power-Line Carrier Working Group of the Power SystemRelaying Committee (PSRC). Brad D. Nelson, ChairMark Simon, Vice-ChairThe following
13、 members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have votedfor approval, disapproval, or abstention. Robert BrattonThomas DahlinEd DerencinovicRay FellaJerry FinleyJohn MillerGeorge MorganBrad D. NelsonMiriam SandersWalter SeamonAl VnencakDoug A. DawsonPaul DrumCharl
14、es FinkJerry HohnJim Huddleston IIIJim InglesonBill LoweTim PhillippeRoger E. RayMiriam SandersJohn ZippWilliam AckermanMunnu BajpaiKenneth BehrendtStuart BoucheyRobert BrattonDaniel BrosnanGustavo BrunelloTerrence BurnsMark CarpenterManish ChaturvediGuru Dutt DhingraThomas DahlinR. DaubertByron Dav
15、enportEd DerencinovicPaul DrumAmir El-SheikhGary EngmannCharles FinkKenneth FoderoJerry GoerzGaetano GranoDavid HartmannIrwin HasenwinkleHarold HeldJerry HohnEdward Horgan Jr.James D. Huddleston IIIBarry JacksonDavid W. JacksonClark JacobsonGeorge KalacherryJoseph L. KoepfingerTerry KrummreyGerald L
16、antzWilliam LoweGregory LuriWilliam MajeskiDonald MarihartThomas MccaffreyMichael McDonaldGary MichelJohn W. MillerGeorge MorganBradley NelsonMichael NewmanCharles NgetheChris OsterlohRoger PandandaPercy E. PoolRoger E. RayCharles RogersJames RuggieriMiriam SandersTony SeegersTarlochan SidhuMark Sim
17、onVeselin SkendzicKevin StephanCharles SufanaRichard TaylorJohn TengdinCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. vWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 8 December 2004, it had the followingmembership:Don Wright, ChairSteve M. Mills, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member Emeritu
18、sAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeMichelle TurnerIEEE Standards Project EditorChuck AdamsH. Stephen BergerMark D. BowmanJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRob
19、erto de BoissonJulian Forster*Arnold M. GreenspanMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanRichard J. HollemanRichard H. HulettLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hermann KochThomas J. McGeanDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenDoug ToppingJoe D.
20、Watsonvi Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Scope 12. Normative references . 13. PLC channels . 24. PLC applications 34.1 Relaying applications. 34.2 Telemetry applications. 124.3 Voice applications 135. Power-line channel considerations 135.1 Line characteristics 135.2 Channel loss
21、es 155.3 Line loss calculations. 225.4 Noise 325.5 Power cable circuits . 355.6 Overhead line/cable circuits. 365.7 Cross-station attenuation 395.8 Coupling methods 425.9 Channel bandwidth and modulation types. 455.10 Effects of faults on PLC channels 466. Frequency selection . 476.1 Factors influen
22、cing selection . 476.2 Requirements of new facilities 476.3 Existing frequencies. 506.4 Frequency planning 506.5 Line coupling and tuning . 516.6 Noise and line attenuation 516.7 Power cable circuits . 526.8 Combination power cable/overhead line circuits. 527. Coupling components 527.1 Line traps .
23、527.2 Coupling capacitors . 617.3 Line tuners and bypasses . 637.4 Coaxial cables/lead-in conductors . 757.5 Auxiliary coupling devices 777.6 Coupling components selection . 838. Performance calculations . 848.1 Factors involved in channel performance calculations 848.2 Single-function individual-ch
24、annel case 888.3 Multifunction, multichannel case 93Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii9. Special applications . 959.1 Intrabundle channels 959.2 Insulated shield wires. 999.3 PLC on HVDC lines 10110. PLC verification and testing 10210.1 Testing of new and modified PLC systems . 10210.2 Te
25、sting and evaluation of misoperations . 11010.3 Checkback testing philosophies. 11510.4 Testing intervals for components. 11611. Future trends 11611.1 Introduction 11611.2 Electronic equipment . 11611.3 System improvements 11711.4 Applications . 11711.5 Digital PLC 117Annex A (informative) Relative
26、values conversion for decibels. 119Annex B (informative) Bibliography. 123Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Guide for Power-Line Carrier Applications1. ScopeThe purpose of this guide is to provide application information to users of carrier equipment as applied onpower transmission lin
27、es. Since the major applications of the power-line carrier (PLC) is for protectiverelaying, special consideration for these applications has been included. Information related to theexpanding usage of carriers on distribution lines below 69 kV is not specifically covered. Detailedequipment design in
28、formation is avoided as this is primarily the concern of equipment manufacturers.Material on PLC channel characteristics is presented along with discussions on intrabundle conductorsystems and insulated shield-wire systems. Procedures are provided for the calculation of channelperformance. Data for
29、the calculations are drawn from various sections of the guide. The couplingcomponents considered are line traps, coupling capacitors, line tuners, coaxial cables, hybrids, and filters.Frequency selection practices and future trends are discussed.An effort has been made to coordinate this guide with
30、the CIGRE Guide B491and IEC 60353,2IEC 60481, IEC 60495, and IEC 60663.2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guide. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocum
31、ent (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.ANSI C63.2, American National Standard for Electromagnetic Noise and Field Strength Instrumentation,10 Hz to 40 GHzSpecifications.3ANSI C93.1, American National Standard Requirements for Power-Line Carrier Coupling Capacitors andCoupling Capacitor
32、 Voltage Transformers (CCVT).ANSI C93.3, American National Standard Requirements for Power-Line Carrier Line Traps.1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex B.2Information on references can be found in Clause 2.3ANSI publications are available from the Sales Departmen
33、t, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor,New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).IEEEStd 643-2004 IEEE GUIDE FOR POWER-LINE CARRIER APPLICATIONS2 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ANSI C93.4, American National Standard Requirements for Power-Line Carrier
34、LineTuning Equipment.ANSI C93.5, American National Standard Requirements for Single Function Power-Line Carrier Transmit-ter/Receiver Equipment.IEC 60353, Line Traps for A.C. Power Systems.4IEC 60481, Coupling Devices for Power Line Carrier Systems.IEC 60495, Recommended Values for Characteristic In
35、put and Output Quantities of Single SidebandPower-Line-Carrier Terminals.IEC 60663, Planning of (Single Sideband) Power Line Carrier Systems.IEEE Std C37.90.1TM, IEEE Standard for Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for Protective Relaysand Relay Systems.IEEE Std C37.90.2TM, IEEE Standard for Wit
36、hstand Capability of Relay Systems to Radiated Electromag-netic Interference From Transmitters.IEEE Std C37.90.3TM, IEEE Standard Electrostatic Discharge Tests for Protective Relays.53. PLC channelsA PLC channel includes the signal path from the transmitting electronic equipment at one terminal, thr
37、oughits coupling equipment, over the power line, through the tuning equipment at the receiving end, and into theelectronic equipment at the receiving terminal. In bidirectional applications, a similar return path isprovided.As shown in Figure 1, a basic PLC system consists of three distinct parts: t
38、he terminal assemblies, thecoupling equipment, and the transmission line. Terminal assemblies consist of transmitters, receivers, andprotective relays. The coupling equipment consists of the line tuner, coupling capacitor, and line trap. Thecoupling equipment provides a means of connecting the termi
39、nals to selected points on the powertransmission line. The transmission line provides a suitable path for the transmission of carrier energybetween terminals in the PLC band of frequencies. At the terminals, one or more transmitters and/orreceivers may be required, depending on the number of functio
40、ns to be performed.4IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, ruede Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United Statesfrom the Sales Departme
41、nt, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).5IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).IEEEIEEE GU
42、IDE FOR POWER-LINE CARRIER APPLICATIONS Std 643-2004Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3Coupling of carrier energy to the transmission line is accomplished by the coupling capacitor, which is thephysical link to the transmission line that has a high impedance to the power frequency and a low
43、impedanceto carrier frequencies. The drain coil, which is part of the coupling capacitor (or additionally in the linetuner), provides a low impedance path to ground for power frequencies and a high impedance path forcarrier frequencies. The user should also be aware that if an optional drain coil is
44、 placed in the line tuner, theparallel combination of the two drain coils should be considered (refer to 7.3.4). The line tuner providesimpedance matching between terminal assemblies and the transmission line. It also provides for resonanttuning with the coupling capacitor. The line trap is inserted
45、 into power lines to minimize the loss of carrierenergy and to prevent external faults from shorting the carrier signal on the unfaulted line. The transmissionline provides the path for the PLC energy.PLC is a technique by which low radio-frequency (RF) currents are propagated over metallic conducto
46、rs,which may be either ac or dc overhead transmission lines or pipe type cable. The primary differencebetween high-voltage (HV) power transmission and PLC transmission is the frequency of operation.Although the fundamental principles of both transmissions are the same, many factors of primaryimporta
47、nce at PLC frequencies are negligible at power frequencies.Frequencies in the range of 30500 kHz have been employed for PLC. This frequency range is high enoughto be isolated from the power frequency energy and the noise it creates, but not so high as to encounterexcessive attenuation. Although freq
48、uencies somewhat lower than 30 kHz can be used, it is difficult toefficiently couple these frequencies to the transmission line by using coupling capacitors.Anytime voltage is discussed or V is used in an equation in this guide, it is always RMS voltage unlessotherwise specified.4. PLC applications4
49、.1 Relaying applications4.1.1 Interfacing PLC with relaysMany factors determine the form taken by the power-line carrierrelay interface, among which are the typeof protection scheme, the channel speed requirements, and the distance from the PLC equipment to therelays. This distance, if excessive, can affect both the output and the keying input conditions.Figure 1Diagram of a PLC channelIEEEStd 643-2004 IEEE GUIDE FOR POWER-LINE CARRIER APPLICATIONS4 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.The current generation of PLCs all use optically isolated low-energy
