1、g3g3g3g3g3IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Visible Light IEEE Computer Society SLg3ponsored by the AN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 6 September 2011 IEEE Std 802.15.7g4862011 IE
2、EE Std 802.15.7-2011IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networksPart 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Visible Light SponsorLAN/MAN Standards Committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 16 June 2011IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved 27 September 2012American National Sta
3、ndards InstituteAbstract: A PHY and a MAC layer for short-range optical wireless communications using visiblelight in optically transparent media are defined. The visible light spectrum extends from 380 nm to780 nm in wavelength. The standard is capable of delivering data rates sufficient to support
4、 audioand video multimedia services and also considers mobility of the visible link, compatibility withvisible-light infrastructures, impairments due to noise and interference from sources like ambientlight and a MAC layer that accommodates visible links. The standard adheres to applicable eyesafety
5、 regulations.Keywords: IEEE 802.15.7, laser diode, LD, LED, light-emitting diode, short-range optical wirelesscommunications, visible light, visible-light communication, VLCThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2011 by the Ins
6、titute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 6 September 2011. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE and 802 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom
7、 use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionVisible-light communication (VLC) transmits data by intensity modulating optical sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), faster than the persistence
8、of the human eye. VLC mergeslighting and data communications in applications such as area lighting, signboards, streetlights, vehicles,traffic signals, and status indicators. This standard describes the use of VLC for wireless personal areanetworks (WPAN) and covers topics such as network topologies
9、, addressing, collision avoidance,acknowledgement, performance quality indication, dimming support, visibility support, colored statusindication and color-stabilization.Notice to usersLaws and regulationsUsers of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the
10、provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements.Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatoryrequirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not inco
11、mpliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. CopyrightsThis document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and privateuses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regu
12、lation,standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this documentavailable for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights incopyright to this document.Updating of IEEE documentsUsers of IEEE standards should be a
13、ware that these documents may be superseded at any time by theissuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments,corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of thedocument together with any amendme
14、nts, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whethera given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance ofamendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or co
15、ntact the IEEE at the address listed previously.For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process,visit the IEEE-SA website at http:/standards.ieee.org.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.15.7-2011, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan
16、area networksPart 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication using Visible Light.Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. vErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are en
17、couraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this amendment may require use of subjectmatter
18、covered by patent rights. By publication of this amendment, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifyingEssential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries int
19、o the legal validityor scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connectionwith submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this amendment are expressly advised that dete
20、rmination of the validity of anypatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Furtherinformation may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this amendment was submitted to
21、 the IEEE-SA for approval, the IEEE P802.15.7 WorkingGroup had the following membership: Robert F. Heile, ChairRick Alfvin, Co-Vice ChairPatrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair and SecretaryJames P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical EditorEun Tae Won, IEEE 802.15.7 ChairClint Chaplin, IEEE 802.15.7 Vice Cha
22、irRichard D. Roberts, IEEE 802.15.7 Technical EditorSridhar Rajagopal, IEEE 802.15.7 Assistant EditorEmad AfifiGahng-Seop AhnRoberto AielloRichard AlfvinTakamasa AsanoArthur AstrinTaehan BaeMichael BahrJohn BarrAnuj BatraTuncer BaykasPhilip BeecherGhulam BhattiGary BirkMathew BoytimPeter BradleyNanc
23、y BravinDavid BritzMonique BrownSverre BrubkBrian BuchananJohn BuffingtonKiran BynamBrent CainEdgar CallawayChris CalvertRadhakrishna CanchiRuben CardozoRussell ChandlerKuor-Hsin ChangSoo-Young ChangClint ChaplinHind ChebboChang-Soon ChoiIn-Kyeong ChoiSangsung ChoiCiaran ConnellDavid CypherMatthew D
24、ahlDavid DavenportMark DawkinsHendricus De RuijterGang DingPaul DixonIgor DotlicMichael DowDietmar EggertDavid EvansCharles FarlowJohn FarserotuKory FifieldWill FilippoJeffrey FischbeckMichael FischerGeorge FlammerRyosuke FujiwaraNoriyasu FukatsuKiyoshi FukuiJohn GeigerJames GilbGregory GilloolyTim
25、GodfreyPaul GordayElad GottlibRobert HallShinsuke HaraHiroshi HaradaTimothy HarringtonRobert HeileRodney HemmingerMarco HernandezRyoichi HigashiGarth HillmanJin-Meng HoWei HongSrinath HosurDavid HowardJung-Hwan HwangIchirou IdaAkio IsoAdrian JenningsWuncheol JeongJorjeta JetchevaSteven JillingsSeong
26、-Soon JooTae-Gyu KangShuzo KatoTatsuya KatoJeritt KentPrithpal KhakuriaDae Ho KimDong-Sun KimYunjoo KimJeffrey KingPatrick KinneyRyuji KohnoFumihide KojimaBruce KraemerRaymond KrasinskiThomas KuernerMasahiro KurodaJohn LampeZhou LanKhanh LeCheolhyo LeeHyungsoo LeeMyung LeeYuro LeeDaniel LewisHuan-Ba
27、ng LiLiang LiSang-Kyu LimJeremy LinkLu LiruMichael LynchRobert MasonTomokuni MatsumuraJeff McCulloughMichael McGillanMichael McInnisMichael McLaughlinCharles MilletDino MiniuttiSiamak MirnezamiRishi MohindraEmmanuel MonnerieRobert MoskowitzHamilton MoyPeter MurrayTheodore MyersKen NaganumaChiu NgoPa
28、ul NikolichJong-Ee OhDavid OlsonOkundu OmeniCopyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiMajor technical contributions were received from the following individuals:Laurent OuvryJames PaceHyung-Il ParkSeung-Hoon ParkTaejoon ParkRanjeet PatroAlbert PetrickDalibor PokrajacDaniel PopaSteve PopeClinton P
29、owellRichard PowellChang-Woo PyoSridhar RajagopalJayaram RamasastryMarc ReedIvan ReedeEmmanuel RiouRichard RobertsCraig RodineJune RohBenjamin RolfeDidier SaganKentaro SakamotoKamran Sayrafian-PourTimothy SchmidlMichael SchmidtJean SchwoererCristina SeibertKunal ShahSteve ShearerStephen ShellhammerJ
30、ie ShenShusaku ShimadaChang Sub ShinCheol Ho ShinMichael SimJonathan SimonJaeseung SonPaul StadnikRene StruikChin-Sean SumHui-Hsia SungGu SungiRonald TabroffKenichi TakizawaHirokazu TanakaLarry TaylorJames TomcikIchihiko ToyodaDavid TraceyKhanh TranJerry UptonJana van GreunenHartman Van WykBilly Ver
31、soBhupender VirkKhurram WaheedJoachim WalewskiJunyi WangQuan WangXiang WangAndy WardScott WeikelNicholas WestMark WilburLudwig WinkelEun Tae WonAlan WongTao XingWen-Bin YangYang YangKazuyuki YasukawaKamya YazdandoostKaoru YokooMu ZhaoBin ZhenShadi Abu-SurraTaehan BaeMichael BahrSoo-Young ChangClint
32、ChaplinPraveen GopalakrishnanIl Soon JangTae-Gyu KangDae Ho KimDoyoung KimSang-Kyu LimEran PisekSridhar RajagopalRichard RobertsJaeseung SonJoachim W. WalewskiEuntae WonAtsuya Yokoiviii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this
33、 standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Richard AlfvinMark AndersonButch AntonTaehan BaeYoungkyo BaekNancy BravinVern BrethourKiran BynamWilliam ByrdJuan CarreonSoo-young ChangYoungbin ChangClint ChaplinYawgeng ChauYi-ming ChenChihong ChoJaeweon ChoHokyu ChoiKeit
34、h ChowCharles CookJoseph DecuirThomas DineenGregory GilloolyRandall GrovesC. GuyRobert HeileMarco HernandezTetsushi IkegamiAkio IsoAtsushi ItoRaj JainOyvind JanbuJaehyuk JangJunghoon JeeSuryong JeongTal KaitzShinkyo KakuMasahiko KanekoHyunjeong KangNoh-gyoung KangTae-gyu KangPiotr KarockiStuart J. K
35、errySehoon KimTae KimYongbum KimDongkeon KongBruce KraemerHyukchoon KwonSungjin LeeCharles LennonMichael LererYing LiJan-ray LiaoChiwoo LimHyoung-kyu LimNae Hyun LimSang-kyu LimDaniel LubarWilliam LumpkinsElvis MaculubaApurva ModyEmmanuel MonneriePeter MurrayMichael S. NewmanSatoshi ObaraChris Oster
36、lohSatoshi OyamaJeongho ParkJungshin ParkSeung-hoon ParkSung-eun ParkJames PetranovichSubburajan PonnuswamyClinton PowellVenkatesha PrasadSridhar RajagopalJayaram RamasastryMaximilian RiegelRobert RobinsonRandal RoebuckWon Il RohBret RothenbergRandall SafierBartien SayogoCristina SeibertJaejeong Shi
37、mGil ShultzJaeseung SonJung Je SonKapil SoodThomas StaraiRene StruikWalter StrupplerMark SturzaIchihiko ToyodaMark-rene UchidaBhupender VirkGeorge VlantisJoachim WalewskiStanley WangHung-yu WeiLudwig WinkelAndreas WolfEun Tae WonHyunkyu YuOren YuenCopyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. ixWhen the
38、 IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 16 June 2011, it had the followingmembership:Richard H. Hulett, ChairJohn Kulick, Vice ChairRobert M. Grow, Past ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish Aggarwal,
39、 NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeMichael Janezic, NIST RepresentativeCatherine BergerIEEE Project EditorPatricia GerdonIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program DevelopmentMasayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander
40、Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard L. Wolfman Don WrightCopyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. xiContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2
41、Purpose . 12. Normative references . 23. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 23.1 Definitions 23.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 34. General description 54.1 Introduction 54.2 Network topologies. 54.2.1 Peer-to-peer topology . 74.2.2 Star topology. 74.2.3 Broadcast topology . 74.3 Modulation-domai
42、n spectrum. 74.4 Architecture 84.4.1 PHY layer . 94.4.1.1 PHY frame structure. 94.4.1.2 Interoperability and coexistence between PHY types 94.4.2 MAC sublayer. 104.4.3 Dimming and flicker-mitigation support 104.4.3.1 Light dimming 124.4.3.1.1 Idle pattern and compensation time dimming 124.4.3.1.2 Vi
43、sibility pattern dimming 124.4.3.1.3 Color-shift keying (CSK) dimming 124.4.3.1.4 OOK dimming 134.4.3.1.5 VPPM dimming 144.4.3.2 Flicker mitigation . 154.4.3.2.1 Intra-frame flicker mitigation . 164.4.3.2.2 Interframe flicker mitigation 164.5 Functional overview . 164.5.1 Superframe structure. 164.5
44、.2 Data transfer model 174.5.2.1 Data transfer to a coordinator . 174.5.2.2 Data transfer from a coordinator 184.5.2.3 Peer-to-peer data transfers 184.5.3 Clock-rate selection 184.5.4 Frame structure . 184.5.5 Improving probability of successful delivery. 194.5.5.1 Random access mechanism 194.5.5.2
45、Frame acknowledgment 194.5.5.3 Data verification . 194.6 Security. 194.7 Concept of primitives . 205. MAC protocol specification. 22xii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.5.1 MAC functional description . 225.1.1 Channel access 235.1.1.1 Superframe structure. 245.1.1.1.1 Contention access perio
46、d (CAP). 265.1.1.1.2 Contention-free period (CFP). 265.1.1.1.3 Visibility support during channel access 275.1.1.2 Interframe spacing (IFS). 275.1.1.3 Random access algorithm. 285.1.2 Starting a VPAN. 305.1.2.1 Scanning through channels. 305.1.2.1.1 Active channel scan 315.1.2.1.2 Passive channel sca
47、n. 325.1.2.2 VPAN initiation 335.1.2.3 Beacon generation 345.1.2.4 Device discovery 355.1.2.5 Guard and aggregation color channels . 355.1.3 Maintaining VPANs . 365.1.3.1 Detection. 365.1.3.2 Resolution. 375.1.3.3 Realigning a VPAN 375.1.3.4 Realignment in a VPAN . 375.1.3.5 Updating superframe conf
48、iguration and channel PIB attributes 385.1.4 Association and disassociation . 385.1.4.1 Association . 385.1.4.2 Disassociation. 405.1.5 Synchronization 415.1.5.1 Synchronization with beacons 415.1.5.2 Synchronization without beacons. 425.1.6 Transaction handling 425.1.7 Transmission, reception, and
49、acknowledgment 435.1.7.1 Transmission. 435.1.7.2 Reception and rejection 445.1.7.3 Extracting pending data from a coordinator . 465.1.7.4 Use of acknowledgments and retransmissions . 475.1.7.4.1 No acknowledgment . 475.1.7.4.2 Acknowledgment 475.1.7.4.3 Retransmissions 485.1.7.5 Transmission scenarios. 495.1.8 GTS allocation and management 495.1.8.1 CAP maintenance . 515.1.8.2 GTS allocation 515.1.8.3 GTS usage. 525.1.8.4 GTS deallocation 525.1.8.5 GTS reallocation. 535.1.8.6 GTS expiration . 555.1.9 Fast link recovery . 555.1.10 Multiple channel resource assign
