1、IEEE Std 937-2007(Revision of IEEE Std 937-2000)IEEE Recommended Practicefor Installation and Maintenanceof Lead-Acid Batteriesfor Photovoltaic (PV) SystemsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY10016-5997, USA13 June 2007IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21Sponsored by theIEEE Standards Coordinating
2、Committee 21 onFuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy StorageIEEE Std 937-2007 (Revision of IEEE Std 937-2000) IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Sponsored by the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 2
3、1 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage Approved 8 March 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Design considerations and procedures for storage, location, mounting, ventilation, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid secondary batteries for photovoltaic (PV) power s
4、ystems are provided. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. Even though general recommended practices are covered, battery manufacturers may provide specific instructions for battery installation and maintenance. Keywords: battery, battery installation, battery main
5、tenance, photovoltaic power system _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 13 June 2007. Printed in the United States of Amer
6、ica. National Electrical Code and NEC are both registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained thr
7、ough the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 937-2007, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. This recommended practice provides design considerations and procedures for storage,
8、location, mounting, ventilation, assembly and maintenance of lead-acid secondary batteries for photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers may provide specific
9、 instructions for battery installation and maintenance. While there are other IEEE standards that cover lead-acid battery installation and maintenance, they are generally designed for other types of applications, such as float-service or utility grid-tied applications. This document provides informa
10、tion for installation and maintenance of lead-acid batteries in PV applications that are generally characterized by non-grid connected, cycling service. These procedures also reflect consideration of the typically remote nature of PV applications. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and
11、all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/i
12、eee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommended practice may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any paten
13、t rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. iv Cop
14、yright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this recommended practice was completed, the Energy Storage Subsystems Working Group had the following membership: Jay L. Chamberlin, Chair Kenneth S. Sanders, Secretary Peter McNutt, Task Leader Howard Barikmo Charles Finin Lauren Gile
15、s Tom D. Hund Liang Ji Haissam Nasrat Michael T. Nispel Carl Parker Robert F. Rallo Steve Vechy John Wiles At the time this recommended practice was approved, IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage had the following membership:
16、 Richard DeBlasio, Chair Stephen Chalmers, Vice-Chair Thomas Basso, Secretary William Ash, IEEE SCC21 Liaison David L. Bassett John J. Bzura Jay L. Chamberlin James M. Daley Douglas C. Dawson Frank Goodman Kelvin Hecht Joseph Koepfinger Benjamin Kroposki Robert Saint Mallur N. Satyanarayan Timothy P
17、. Zgonena The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Ali al Awazi Kraig E. Bader Thomas S. Basso Wallace B. Binder, Jr. Richard T. Bolgeo Steven R. Brockschink
18、Chris Brooks William A. Byrd William P. Cantor Jay L. Chamberlin Keith Chow Mark S. Clark Tommy P. Cooper Garth P. Corey Randall L. Dotson Gary R. Engmann Randall C. Groves Ajit K. Gwal David A. Horvath Dennis Horwitz Tom D. Hund J. L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu Scott R. Lacy Chung-Yiu
19、 Lam G. L. Luri Keith N. Malmedal James A. McDowall Peter F. McNutt Jerry R. Murphy Michael S. Newman Michael T. Nispel Donald M. Parker Percy E. Pool Robert F. Rallo Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers Kenneth S. Sanders Steven Sano Bartien Sayogo Stephen C. Schwarm Devki N. Sharma Herbert J. Sinn
20、ock Joe D. Watson James W. Wilson, Jr. Ahmed F. Zobaa v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 8 March 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Donald F. Wright, Past Chair Judith
21、 Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alexander D. Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John D. Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan
22、 Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Represe
23、ntative Jennie Steinhagen IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development William Ash IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Precautions . 2 3.1 Protective
24、equipment . 2 3.2 Procedures . 2 4. Installation design criteria 3 4.1 Enclosure . 3 4.2 Battery support structure 4 4.3 Electrical 5 4.4 Seismic 5 5. Installation procedures 5 5.1 Receiving and storage 5 5.2 Battery support structure assembly 6 5.3 Battery mounting and connections 6 5.4 Preoperatio
25、nal checks 7 5.5 Initial charging procedure 8 5.6 Final connections. 8 6. Maintenance . 8 6.1 General 8 6.2 Inspections. 9 6.3 Corrective actions 10 6.4 Battery replacement criteria. 12 7. Recycling and disposal. 12 Annex A (informative) Battery failure modes 13 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 14
26、 vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems 1. 1.11.22.Overview Scope This recommended practice provides design considerations and procedures for storage, location, mounting, ventilatio
27、n, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid secondary batteries for photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers may provide specific instructions for battery ins
28、tallation and maintenance. Purpose This recommended practice is meant to assist lead-acid battery users to properly store, install, and maintain lead-acid batteries used in PV systems. Definitions For the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authorita
29、tive Dictionary of IEEE Standards B11should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 2.1 dry-charged cell: A cell that has been assembled without electrolyte, using plates that have been charged and dried, requiring only to be filled with electrolyte to become an active cell. The cells ar
30、e sealed by the manufacturer to prevent oxidation. Typically done for ease of shipping or storage or both. 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the Bibliography in Annex B. 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 937-2007 IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Mainten
31、ance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems 3. 3.1NOTE 1NOTE 2NOTE 33.2Precautions Batteries are potentially hazardous, and proper precautions must be observed in their handling and installation. This recommended practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associate
32、d with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this recommended practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. These instructions assume a certain level of competence by the installer/user. Applicable
33、practices and codes contain relevant information and should be consulted for safe handling, installation, testing, and maintenance of batteries. Applicable state and local codes must be followed. Work on batteries shall only be performed by knowledgeable personnel with proper, safe tools and protect
34、ive equipment. Protective equipment The following safety equipment for handling of the battery and protection of personnel shall be available: a) Safety glasses with side shields, goggles, and face shield, as appropriate b) Acid-resistant gloves c) Protective aprons and safety shoes d) Portable or s
35、tationary water facilities for rinsing eyes and skin in case of contact with acid electrolyte e) Class C fire extinguisher f) An acid-neutralizing agent (e.g., bicarbonate of soda mixed with approximately 0.1 kg/L of water) to neutralize any acid spillage g) Adequately insulated tools h) Lifting dev
36、ices of adequate capacity, when required Some battery manufacturers do not recommend the use of CO2fire extinguishers due to the potential for thermal shock.2The removal and/or neutralization of an acid spill may result in production of a hazardous waste. The user should comply with appropriate gove
37、rnmental regulations. Battery personnel shall conform to local safety requirements. Procedures The following safety procedures shall be followed prior to and during installation: a) Use caution when working on batteries since they present a shock hazard. b) Prohibit smoking and open flame, and reduc
38、e the potential for arcing in the immediate vicinity of the battery. c) Provide adequate ventilation and follow the manufacturers recommendations during charging. d) Ensure unobstructed egress from the battery work area. e) Avoid the wearing of metallic objects, such as jewelry, while working on the
39、 battery. f) Ensure that the work area is suitably illuminated. 2Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement this recommended practice. 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 937-2007 IEEE Recommend
40、ed Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems g) Follow the manufacturers recommendations regarding cell orientation. h) Ensure that battery racks and/or cabinets are adequately supported, stable, and secure (see 5.3). i) Connect support structures
41、 to the electrical ground system in accordance with applicable codes. j) Inspect all flooring and lifting equipment for functional adequacy. k) Restrict all unauthorized personnel from the battery area. l) Keep the battery clear of all tools and other foreign objects. m) Avoid static buildup by havi
42、ng personnel contact an electrical ground periodically while working on batteries. n) The pressure relief valves shall not be removed without the battery manufacturers approval. o) Inspect and test instrumentation for safe working condition. 4.4.14.1.14.1.2Installation design criteria Considerations
43、 that should be included in the design of a PV battery installation depend upon the requirements, function, and size of the system of which the battery is a part. The following subclauses describe general criteria for all PV battery installations. Enclosure Batteries should be protected by means of
44、a suitable enclosure, which may vary from a box to a room. The enclosure should be clean, dry, and adequately ventilated, and it should provide and maintain protection against detrimental environmental conditions and electrical shorts. Location The following should be considered when deciding on the
45、 location of the battery enclosure: a) The battery enclosure should be located as close as practical to the PV array, loads, and power conditioning equipment. b) The enclosure location should provide adequate structural support. c) The battery location should be designed to eliminate the contaminati
46、on of water supplies and damage to equipment in the event of electrolyte spillage. Refer to IEEE P15783B9 for additional information. Mechanical considerations The following mechanical aspects should be considered during the design or selection of the battery enclosure: a) The size of enclosure shou
47、ld allow for sufficient clearance around the battery to provide access for installation and maintenance. Consideration should be given to the space required for safety and handling equipment (see 3.1). b) The supporting surface of the enclosure should have adequate structural strength and stability
48、(for high racks and cabinets) to support the battery weight and its support structure. 3Numbers preceded by P are IEEE authorized standards projects that were not approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board at the time this publication went to press. For information about obtaining drafts, contact the I
49、EEE. 3 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 937-2007 IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems c) The enclosure should be resistant to the effects of electrolyte, either by selection of materials used or by appropriate coatings. Provision should be made for containment of any spilled electrolyte per appropriate codes and regulations. d) Any enclosure doors should allow unobstructed egress. e)
