1、 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular EnvironmentsSecurity Services for Applications and Management Messages Sponsored by the Intelligent Transportation Systems Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Vehicular Technology SocietyIEEE Std 1609.2-2016(Revision ofIEEE St
2、d 1609.2-2013) IEEE Std 1609.2-2016 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.2-2013) IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular EnvironmentsSecurity Services for Applications and Management Messages Sponsor Intelligent Transportation Systems Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society Approved 29 Janua
3、ry 2016 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This standard defines secure message formats and processing for use by Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) devices, including methods to secure WAVE management messages and methods to secure application messages. It also describes administrative
4、 functions necessary to support the core security functions. Keywords: cryptography, IEEE 1609.2, security, wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2016 by The Institute of Elec
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34、ants At the time this IEEE standard was completed, the Dedicated Short Range Communications Working Group had the following membership: Thomas M. Kurihara, Chair Justin McNew, John Moring, William Whyte, Vice Chairs Mike Brown Hanbyeog Cho Hans-Joachim Fischer Ramez Gerges Aleksandar Gogic Shubha Go
35、palakrishna Gloria Gwynne Ronald Hochnadel Carl Kain John Kenney Bill Lattin Jules Madey Sean Maschue Jim Misener Frank Perry Randy Roebuck Richard Roy Kevin Smith Jasja Tijink Michaela Vanderveen George Vlantis Jason Wang Aaron Weinfield The following members of the individual balloting committee v
36、oted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Nobumitsu Amachi Lee Armstrong William Byrd Keith Chow Sourav Dutta Richard Edgar Marc Emmelmann Pedro Fernandes Randall Groves Gloria Gwynne Ronald Hochnadel Werner Hoelzl David Hunter Noriyuki Ikeuchi Piotr K
37、arocki John Kenney Stuart Kerry Dmitri Khijniak Thomas M. Kurihara Paul Lambert Jeremy Landt Justin McNew John Moring Michael Newman Alexandros Nikitas Satoshi Oyama Venkatesha Prasad Alon Regev Richard Roy Bartien Sayogo Kevin Smith Rene Struik Walter Struppler Jasja Tijink Steven Tilden Thomas Tul
38、lia Dmitri Varsanofiev John Vergis George Vlantis Hung-Yu Wei William Whyte When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 29 January 2016, it had the following membership: Jean-Philippe Faure, Chair Vacant, Vice Chair John Kulick, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Chuck Ada
39、ms Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Jianbin Fan J. Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman Ronald W. Hotchkiss Michael Janezic Joseph L. Koepfinger* Hung Ling Kevin Lu Annette D. Reilly Gary Robinson Mehmet Ulema Yingli Wen Howard Wolfman Don Wright Yu Yuan Daidi Zhong *Member Emeritus Copyright 2016
40、IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1609.2-2016, IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular EnvironmentsSecurity Services for Applications and Management Messages. 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications for Wireless Access in Vehicular Envi
41、ronments (DSRC/WAVE, hereafter simply WAVE), as specified in a range of standards including those generated by the IEEE P1609 working group, enables vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communications. This connectivity makes possible a range of applications that rel
42、y on communications between road users and road operators, including vehicle safety, public service, commercial fleet management, tolling, and other operations. With improved communications come increased risks, and the safety-critical nature of many WAVE applications makes it vital that services be
43、 specified that can be used to protect messages from attacks such as eavesdropping, spoofing, alteration, and replay. Additionally, the fact that the wireless technology will be deployed in personal vehicles, whose owners have a right to privacy, means that in as much as possible the security servic
44、es should respect that right and not leak personal, identifying, or linkable information to unauthorized parties. With this in mind, at the time that IEEE P1609 was established to develop the standards for the WAVE wireless networking protocols, the IEEE also established IEEE P1556 (later renumbered
45、 as IEEE Std 1609.2) to develop standards for the security techniques that will be used to protect the services that use these protocols. These applications face unique constraints. Many of them, particularly safety applications, are time-critical: the processing and bandwidth overhead due to securi
46、ty must be kept to a minimum, to improve responsiveness and decrease the likelihood of packet loss. For many applications, the potential audience consists of all vehicles on the road in North America; therefore, the mechanism used to authenticate messages must be as flexible and scalable as possible
47、, and must accommodate the smooth removal of compromised WAVE devices from the system. Additionally, as mentioned above, the privacy of privately owned and operated vehicles, and potentially other personal devices within the WAVE system, must be respected as far as technically and administratively f
48、easible. Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Document organization 2 1.4 Document conventions 2 1.5 Testing considerations . 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms 4 3.1 Definitions . 4 3.2 Abbreviatio
49、ns and acronyms 10 4. General description 12 4.1 WAVE protocol stack overview .12 4.2 Secure data service (SDS) 15 4.3 Security services management entity (SSME) 18 4.4 Behavior of SDEEs .20 5. Cryptographic operations and validity.20 5.1 Certificate validity 20 5.2 Signed SPDU validity .33 5.3 Cryptographic operations 41 6. Data structures .46 6.1 Presentation and encoding 46 6.2 Integer types .46 6.3 Secured protocol data units (SPDUs) .47 6.4 Certificates and other security management data structures .59 7. Certificate revocation lists (CRLs) and the CRL Verification En
