1、IEEE Std C37.116-2007IEEE Guide for Protective RelayApplication to Transmission-LineSeries Capacitor BanksIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA7 August 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower Systems Relaying CommitteeC37.116 TMCopyright The Institute of Electrical and Elect
2、ronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe
3、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-IEEE Std C37.116-2007 IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Application to Transmission-Line Series Capacitor Banks Sponsor Power Systems Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 7 February 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Copyright The Institute o
4、f Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Portions reprinted, with permission, from IEEE Special Publication on “Series Capacitor Bank Protection” (TP-126-0). 1998 IEEE. Abstr
5、act: The application of protective relays on transmission-line series capacitor banks is covered. The purpose of this guide is to provide the reader with ample discussion of the protection and control issues related to series capacitor bank installations. Specific examples related to protective func
6、tions and testing procedures are provided. Keywords: bypass gap, bypass switch, externally fused capacitor, fuseless capacitor, harmonic protection, internally fused capacitor, metal oxide varistor, MOV, series capacitor, unbalance protection _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
7、Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 7 August 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photo
8、copy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
9、ut license from IHS-,-,-iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This guide provides additional descriptions and application examples to the IEEE Special Publication on “Series Capacitor Bank Protection.” aThe guides purpose is to provide the reader with ample discussion of the prot
10、ection issues related to series capacitor bank design. In addition, automatic control functions and general testing procedures are covered. This is an application guide and does not attempt to address all of the protective requirements of all series capacitor banks in every situation. Additional rea
11、ding material is suggested so the reader can develop a better understanding for a specific protection application. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are
12、 encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/ interp/index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject m
13、atter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement
14、 an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. aFor information on references, see Clause 2. This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.116-2007, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Application to Transmission-Line Se
15、ries Capacitor Banks. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was co
16、mpleted, the Series Capacitor Protection Working Group had the following membership: Frank P. Plumptre, Chair Daniel Hamai, Vice Chair Barbara Anderson Joseph L. Batho Hubert Bilodeau Gustavo A. Brunello R. S. Chano Arvind Chaudhary Vahid Madani Dean H. Miller Kalyan Mustaphi Mukesh Nagpal Efrain Ro
17、driguez-Renteria Murari Saha Veselin S. Skendzic Stephan Weiss Roger Whittaker Bo Wikstrom The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Ali Al Awazi Saber Azizi-Ghannad Micha
18、el P. Baldwin Joseph L. Batho Hubert Bilodeau Wallace B. Binder, Jr. Steven R. Brockschink Gustavo A. Brunello William A. Byrd James S. Case R. S. Chano Stephen P. Conrad Tommy P. Cooper Luis M. Coronado Randall P. Crellin Ratan Das Eric J. Davis Paul R. Drum Ahmed F. Elneweihi Bruce E. English Gary
19、 R. Engmann Rabiz N. Foda Jeffrey G. Gilbert Thomas E. Grebe Stephen E. Grier Randall C. Groves Daniel Hamai John E. Harder Jerry W. Hohn David A. Horvath John J. Horwath Dennis Horwitz James D. Huddleston, III J. L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Stephen R. Lambert Gerald E. Lee Solomon Lee Per E. Lindbe
20、rg G. L. Luri Vahid Madani Keith N. Malmedal Omar S. Mazzoni Walter P. McCannon Michael J. McDonald Mark F. McGranaghan Mark A. McVey Gary L. Michel Dean H. Miller William A. Moncrief Brian P. Mugalian Kyaw Myint George R. Nail Jeffrey H. Nelson Michael S. Newman Joshua S. Park Ralph E. Patterson Fr
21、ank P. Plumptre Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers M. S. Sachdev Steven Sano Devki N. Sharma Veselin S. Skendzic James E. Smith K. B. Stump Charles R. Sufana Richard P. Taylor Michael J. Thompson Demetrios A. Tziouvaras James W. Wilson, Jr. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Eng
22、ineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. The final conditions for approval of this standard were met on 7 February 2007. This standard was conditionally approved
23、 by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 6 December 2006, with the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Robert M. Grow Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forste
24、r* Mark S. Halpin Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Walter Weigel Howard L. Wolfman
25、 *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Michelle D. Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technica
26、l Program Development Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope. 1 1.2
27、Purpose 1 2. Normative references . 2 3. Preliminary considerations . 2 3.1 Major equipment considerations . 2 3.2 System conditions . 8 3.3 Duty cycle . 11 3.4 Multiple segment series capacitors 13 3.5 Single-phase trip/reclose considerations . 15 3.6 Impact on line protection. 16 3.7 Line protecti
28、on and series capacitor protection/control interaction. 16 4. Protective functions 18 4.1 Protection and control philosophy. 18 4.2 MOV protection 21 4.3 Capacitor protection 28 4.4 Bypass gap protection . 34 4.5 Platform fault protection . 35 4.6 Bypass switch protection. 36 4.7 Discharge current-l
29、imiting reactor protection . 37 5. Platform power and signal transmission. 37 5.1 Current transformer supply 38 5.2 Coupling capacitor voltage transformer supply.38 5.3 Optically powered supply 38 5.4 Battery supply . 38 5.5 Power supplies specific to bypass gap firing circuits 39 5.6 Platform infor
30、mation transmission methods 39 6. Control and monitoring functions. 40 6.1 Control actions 40 6.2 Monitoring. 42 7. Additional protection considerations 44 7.1 Environmental . 44 7.2 Insulation. 44 7.3 Electromagnetic interference. 45 7.4 Bypass gap firing circuits 45 Copyright The Institute of Elec
31、trical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-viii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 8. Testing 45 8.1 Pre-energization tests 46 8.2 Energization sequence tests and operation te
32、sts 47 8.3 Protection functions with bank-energized verification test . 49 8.4 Immunity test. 51 8.5 Fault tests 51 Annex A (informative) Glossary 55 Annex B (informative) Low-frequency transients 56 Annex C (informative) Typical economic evaluation for a redundant protection and control unit 59 Ann
33、ex D (informative) Example utility calculations for MOV protection functions. 60 Annex E (informative) Calculation of unbalance currents for an H-configured externally fused series capacitor bank. 63 Annex F (informative) Calculation of unbalance currents for an H-configured internally fused series
34、capacitor bank. 67 Annex G (informative) Calculation of unbalance currents for a fuseless series capacitor bank. 75 Annex H (informative) Summary of suggested alarms/indications/control action. 93 Annex I (informative) Actual staged fault test results 94 Annex J (informative) Bibliography. 103 Copyr
35、ight The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Application to Transmission-Line Seri
36、es Capacitor Banks 1. Overview Series compensation provides an economical means of maximizing power transfer and improving transmission efficiency over long distances by reducing the series impedance of the transmission line. This guide describes the protection and modern control philosophies of ser
37、ies capacitor banks. The application of this protection requires a thorough understanding of the interrelationship of the power system requirements, the banks major equipment, and the installation of the equipment. Background information describing the major equipment and system considerations is pr
38、esented first. Next, protection issues related to the capacitor units, metal oxide varistor (MOV), bypass system, and capacitor bank platform are discussed. Platform power, automatic control functions, and monitoring systems are discussed. Lastly, functional and performance testing of series capacit
39、or protection and control systems is included with detailed considerations on staged fault testing. Examples showing the calculations for unbalanced voltages and currents in internally fused, externally fused, and fuseless capacitor banks are provided in the Annex E, Annex F, and Annex G. Graphs and
40、 recordings of system and protection performance from staged tests of series capacitors are offered in Annex I. 1.1 Scope This guide describes the application of protective relays on transmission-line series capacitors and provides alternative approaches to the design, testing, and maintenance of pr
41、otective relays based on the latest knowledge and the application experience of the industry. This guide will also cover issues related to the reliability of the protection system. The protection and control of distribution system series capacitors and application of variable series capacitors, such
42、 as thyristor-controlled series capacitors, are not covered in this guide. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this guide is to provide the reader with ample discussion of the protection issues related to series capacitor bank design. Applications of series capacitors are sufficiently diverse that protective
43、 relay engineers need some guidance on the reasons and considerations for different protection and control Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I
44、EEE Std C37.116-2007 IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Application to Transmission-Line Series Capacitor Banks 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. schemes. This guide is intended for engineers involved in the areas of protection specifications, evaluation, and operation of series capacitor ban
45、ks. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Sp
46、ecial Publication TP-126-0, Series Capacitor Bank Protection.1, 2IEEE Std 824, IEEE Standard for Series Capacitor Banks in Power Systems. 3. Preliminary considerations 3.1 Major equipment considerations The capacitor bank is made of numerous individual capacitor units connected in series and paralle
47、l to form a series capacitor bank with the required reactance and current-carrying capability. Because it is not feasible to build a series capacitor bank that will carry the maximum expected fault current for a prolonged period, series capacitor banks are designed with a protective feature that all
48、ows the bank to protect itself. This is accomplished through bypassing the capacitor bank current around the capacitor units under extreme conditions using bypass gaps or MOV. Other major equipment found in a series capacitor bank includes a bypass switch and a current-limiting reactor. 3.1.1 Capacitor unit The capacitor unit (see Figure 1) is the building block of a series capacitor bank. The capacitor unit is made up of individual capacitor elements, arranged in parallel-connected or series-connected groups, within a steel enclosure. The internal discha
